Everything you need to know to read "Frankenstein" - Iseult Gillespie

Sve što bi trebalo da znate da biste čitali "Frankenštajna" - Izolt Gilespi (Iseult Gillespie)

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

In 1815, the eruption of Mount Tambora plunged parts of the world into darkness

Godine 1815, erupcija vulkana Tambora je zaronila delove sveta u tamu

and marked a gloomy period that came to be known as The Year Without a Summer.

i označila mračni period poznat kao godina bez leta.

So when Mary and Percy Shelley arrived at the House of Lord Byron on Lake Geneva,

Stoga, kad su Meri i Persi Šeli stigli u kuću lorda Bajrona na Ženevskom jezeru,

their vacation was mostly spent indoors.

odmor su uglavnom proveli unutra.

For amusement, Byron proposed a challenge to his literary companions:

Radi zabave, Bajron je predložio izazov svojim prijateljima književnicima:

Who could write the most chilling ghost story?

ko će da napiše najjeziviju priču o sablastima?

This sparked an idea in 18-year-old Mary.

Ovo je 18-ogodišnjoj Meri dalo ideju.

Over the next few months, she would craft the story of Frankenstein.

Tokom narednih nekoliko meseci, oblikovala je priču o Frankenštajnu.

Popular depictions may evoke a green and groaning figure,

Popularni su oni prikazi koji evociraju zelenu stenjuću figuru,

but that's not Mary Shelley's monster.

međutim to nije Meri Šelino čudovište.

In fact, in the book, Frankenstein refers to the nameless monster's maker,

Zapravo, u knjizi, ime Frankenštajn se odnosi na tvorca bezimenog čudovišta,

Dr. Victor Frankenstein.

dr Viktora Frankenštajna.

So tense is the struggle between creator and creature

Toliko je napeta borba između tvorca i stvorenja

that the two have merged in our collective imagination.

da su se obojica stopili u našoj kolektivnoj mašti.

Before you read or reread the original text,

Pre nego što pročitate ili nanovo pročitate izvorni tekst,

there are several other things that are helpful to know about Frankenstein

postoji nekoliko drugih stvari koje je korisno znati o Frankenštajnu

and how it came to assume its multiple meanings.

i kako je preuzeo višestruka značenja koja ima.

The book traces Dr. Frankenstein's futile quest to impart and sustain life.

Knjiga prati uzaludni pohod dr Frankenštajna da udahne i održi život.

He constructs his monster part by part from dead matter

Gradi svoje čudovište deo po deo od mrtve tvari

and electrifies it into conscious being.

i strujnim udarom ga pretvara u svesno biće.

Upon completing the experiment, however, he's horrified at the result and flees.

Po završetku eksperimenta, međutm, užasnut je rezultatom i beži.

But time and space aren't enough to banish the abandoned monster,

Međutim, vreme i prostor nisu dovoljni da se progna napušteno čudovište,

and the plot turns on a chilling chase between the two.

i zaplet se pretvara u jezivu jurnjavu između njih dvojice.

Shelley subtitled her fireside ghost story,

Šeli je podnaslovila njenu razonodnu priču strave:

"The Modern Prometheus."

"Savremeni Prometej".

That's in reference to the Greek myth of the Titan Prometheus

To je aluzija na grčki mit o titanu Prometeju

who stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity.

koji je ukrao vatru bogovima i podario je čovečanstvu.

This gave humanity knowledge and power,

Ovo je čovečanstvu dalo znanje i moć,

but for tampering with the status quo,

ali zbog remećenja statusa kvo,

Prometheus was chained to a rock and eaten by vultures for eternity.

Prometej je lancima vezan za stenu da ga večno jedu lešinari.

Prometheus enjoyed a resurgence in the literature of the Romantic Period

Prometej je doživeo vaskrsnuće u književnosti iz perioda romantizma

during the 18th century.

tokom XVIII veka.

Mary was a prominent Romantic,

Meri je bila istaknuta romantičarka

and shared the movement's appreciation for nature, emotion, and the purity of art.

i delila je sa pokretom uvažavanje prirode, osećanja i čistoće umetnosti.

Two years after Mary released "Frankenstein",

Dve godine nakon što je Meri objavila "Frankenštajna",

Percy reimagined the plight of Prometheus in his lyrical drama,

Persi je zamislio Prometejove nedaće u svojoj lirskoj drami:

"Prometheus Unbound."

"Oslobođeni Prometej".

The Romantics used these mythical references

Romantičari su koristili ove mitske aluzije

to signal the purity of the Ancient World in contrast to modernity.

kako bi označili čistoću antičkog sveta u poređenju sa modernošću.

They typically regarded science with suspicion,

Obično su se odnosili sa sumnjom prema nauci

and "Frankenstein" is one of the first cautionary tales

i "Frankenštajn" je jedna od prvih poučnih priča

about artificial intelligence.

o veštačkoj inteligenciji.

For Shelley, the terror was not supernatural,

Za Šeli užas nije natprirodan,

but born in a lab.

već je stvoren u laboratoriji.

In addition, gothic devices infuse the text.

Uz to, gotski elementi prožimaju tekst.

The gothic genre is characterized by unease,

Žanr gotike karakterišu: nelagodnost,

eerie settings,

jezive okolnosti,

the grotesque,

groteska

and the fear of oblivion -

i strah od zaborava -

all elements that can be seen in "Frankenstein."

sve te elemente možemo zapaziti u "Frankenštajnu".

But this horror had roots in personal trauma, as well.

Međutim, njegovi užasi imaju uporište i u ličnoj traumi.

The text is filled with references to Shelley's own circumstances.

Tekst obiluje aluzijama na Šeline lične okolnosti.

Born in 1797, Mary was the child of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft.

Rođena 1797, Meri je bila dete Vilijama Godvina i Meri Vulstonkraft.

Both were radical intellectual figures,

Oboje su bili radikalni intelektualci,

and her mother's book, "A Vindication of the Rights of Women,"

a knjiga njene majke: "Odbrana prava žena",

is a key feminist text.

je ključni feministički tekst.

Tragically, she died as a result of complications from Mary's birth.

Tragično, umrla je od posledica komplikacija tokom porađanja Meri.

Mary was haunted by her mother's death,

Meri je proganjala majčina smrt,

and later experienced her own problems with childbirth.

a kasnije je i sama iskusila probleme tokom porođaja.

She became pregnant following her elopement with Percy at 16,

Zatrudnila je tokom bega sa Persijem u 16. godini,

but that baby died shortly after birth.

ali joj je beba umrla nedugo po rođenju.

Out of four more pregnancies, only one of their children survived.

Od još četiri trudnoće, samo im je jedno dete preživelo.

Some critics have linked this tragedy to the themes explored in "Frankenstein."

Neki kritičari su povezali ovu tragediju s temama koje se obrađuju u "Frankenštajnu".

Shelley depicts birth as both creative and destructive,

Šeli opisuje rađanje i kao kreativnost i kao destruktivnost,

and the monster becomes a disfigured mirror of the natural cycle of life.

a čudovište postaje razobličeno ogledalo prirodnog životnog ciklusa.

The monster, therefore, embodies Dr. Frankenstein's corruption of nature

Čudovište samim tim otelotvoruje iskvarenu prirodu dr Frankenštajna

in the quest for glory.

u njegovoj potrazi za slavom.

This constitutes his fatal flaw, or hamartia.

Od ovog se sastoji njegova kobna greška, hamartija.

His god complex is most clear in the line,

Njegov kompleks boga je najočigledniji u iskazu:

"Life and death appear to me ideal bounds which I should first break through

"Život i smrt su za me idelana ograničenja kroz koja ću prvo da se probijem

and pour a torrent of light onto our dark world."

i da bujicu svetla saspem u naš mračni svet."

Although he accomplishes something awe-inspiring,

Iako postiže nešto što izaziva strahopoštovanje,

he has played with fire at his own ethical expense.

igrao se vatrom na sopstveni moralni račun.

And that decision echoes throughout the novel,

A ta odluka se odražava na čitav roman,

which is full of references to fire and imagery that contrasts light and dark.

koji je ispunjen aluzijama na vatru i suprotstavljenim slikama svetla i tame.

These moments suggest not only the spark of Prometheus's fire,

Ovi trenuci ne samo da sugerišu iskru Prometejove vatre,

but the power of radical ideas to expose darker areas of life.

već i moć radikalnih ideja da razotkriju mračne sfere života.