Why is yawning contagious? - Claudia Aguirre

Zašto je zevanje zarazno? - Klaudija Agire (Claudia Aguirre)

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Oh, excuse me!

Oh, izvinite!

Have you ever yawned because somebody else yawned?

Da li ste ikada zevali zato što neko drugi zeva?

You aren't especially tired,

Niste posebno umorni,

yet suddenly your mouth opens wide

a ipak, vaša usta se odjednom širom otvaraju

and a big yawn

i veliko zevanje

comes out.

izleti.

This phenomenon is known as contagious yawning.

Ova pojava je poznata kao zarazno zevanje.

And while scientists still don't fully understand

Dok naučnici još uvek ne razumeju u potpunosti

why it happens,

zašto se to dešava,

there are many hypotheses currently being researched.

postoji mnogo hipoteza koje se trenutno istražuju.

Let's take a look at a few of the most prevalent ones,

Hajde da bacimo pogled na one preovlađujuće,

beginning with two physiological hypotheses

počevši sa dve fiziološke hipoteze

before moving to a psychological one.

pre nego što pređemo na psihološke.

Our first physiological hypothesis

Naša prva fiziološka hipoteza

states that contagious yawning is triggered by a specific stimulus,

tvrdi da je zarazno zevanje izazvano posebnim podsticajem,

an initial yawn.

početnim zevanjem.

This is called fixed action pattern.

Ovo se zove obrazac fiksne radnje.

Razmišljajte o obrascu fiksne radnje kao o refleksu.

Think of fixed action pattern like a reflex.

Your yawn makes me yawn.

Vaše zevanje me tera da zevam.

Similar to a domino effect, one person's yawn triggers a yawn

Slično efektu domina, zevanje jedne osobe podstiče zevanje

in a person nearby that has observed the act.

kod osobe u blizini koja posmatra čin.

Once this reflex is triggered, it must run its course.

Kada je ovaj refleks aktiviran, mora ići svojim tokom.

Have you ever tried to stop a yawn once it has begun?

Da li ste ikada pokušali da zaustavite zevanje kada je počelo?

Basically impossible!

U suštini je nemoguće!

Another physiological hypothesis

Druga fiziološka hipoteza

is known as non-conscious mimicry,

poznata je kao nesvesna mimikrija,

or the chameleon effect.

ili efekat kameleona.

This occurs when you imitate someone's behavior

Ovo se dešava kada oponašate nekog

without knowing it,

bez sopstvenog znanja,

a subtle and unintentional copycat maneuver.

što je suptilan i nenameran potez imitatora.

People tend to mimic each other's postures.

Ljudi teže da podražavaju jedni druge.

If you are seated across from someone that has their legs crossed,

Ako sedite preko puta nekog ko je prekrstio noge,

you might cross your own legs.

možda ćete i vi prekrstiti vaše noge.

This hypothesis suggests

Ova hipoteza sugeriše

that we yawn when we see someone else yawn

da zevamo kada vidimo nekog drugog da isto to radi

because we are unconsciously copying his or her behavior.

jer nesvesno imitiramo njegovo ili njeno ponašanje.

Scientists believe that this chameleon effect is possible

Naučnici veruju da je efekat kameleona moguć

because of a special set of neurons known as mirror neurons.

zbog posebne grupe neurona,

poznatih kao neuroni ogledala.

Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell

Neuroni ogledala su moždane ćelije koje reaguju isto kada izvodimo radnju

that responds equally when we perform an action

as when we see someone else perform the same action.

i kada vidimo da neko drugi izvodi istu radnju.

These neurons are important for learning and self-awareness.

Ovi neuroni su važni za učenje i samosvest.

For example, watching someone do something physical,

Na primer, posmatranje nekog ko fizički radi nešto

like knitting or putting on lipstick,

kao što je pletenje ili stavljanje karmina,

can help you do those same actions more accurately.

može vam pomoći da te radnje radite pravilnije.

Neuroimaging studies using fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging,

Studije neurovizualizacije koristeći fMRI,

stvaranje slika kroz funkcionalnu magnetnu rezonancu,

show us that when we seem someone yawn or even hear their yawn,

pokazuju da kada vidimo nekoga da zeva, ili čak čujemo zevanje,

a specific area of the brain housing these mirror neurons

specifičan deo mozga

gde se nalaze ovi neuroni ogledala sklon je da se aktivira,

tends to light up,

which, in turn, causes us to respond with the same action:

što nas zauzvrat tera da odgovorimo

istom akcijom: zevanjem.

a yawn!

Our psychological hypothesis also involves the work of these mirror neurons.

I naša psihološka hipoteza uključuje rad ovih neurona ogledala.

We will call it the empathy yawn.

Nazvaćemo ga empatičnim zevanjem.

Empatija je mogućnost razumevanja onoga što neko drugi oseća

Empathy is the ability to understand what someone else is feeling

and partake in their emotion,

i učestvovanje u njihovim emocijama,

a crucial ability for social animals like us.

što je jako bitna sposobnost društvenih životinja kao što smo mi.

Recently, neuroscientists have found that a subset of mirror neurons

Nedavno, neuronaučnici su otkrili da nam podgrupa neurona ogledala

allows us to empathize with others' feelings

dozvoljava da osetimo empatiju sa tuđim osećajima

at a deeper level.

na dubljem nivou.

(Yawn)

(Zevanje)

Scientists discovered this empathetic response to yawning

Naučnici su otkrili ovaj empatijski odgovor na zevanje

while testing the first hypothesis we mentioned,

dok su testirali prvu hipotezu koju smo pomenuli,

fixed action pattern.

obrazac fiksirane radnje.

This study was set up to show that dogs would enact a yawn reflex

Ova studija je započeta da bi se pokazalo da psi oponašaju refleks zevanja

at the mere sound of a human yawn.

na sam zvuk ljudskog zevanja.

While their study showed this to be true, they found something else interesting.

Dok je njihova studija pokazala da je ovo tačno,

pronašli su još nešto interesantno.

Dogs yawned more frequently at familiar yawns,

Psi su češće zevali kada bi čuli poznato zevanje,

such as from their owners,

kao što je zevanje njihovih vlasnika,

than at unfamiliar yawns from strangers.

nego kada čuju nepoznato zevanje stranaca.

Following this research, other studies on humans and primates

Prateći ovo istraživanje, druge studije vezane za ljude i primate

have also shown that contagious yawning

takođe su pokazale da se zarazno zevanje

occurs more frequently among friends than strangers.

javlja učestalije među prijateljima, nego među strancima.

U stvari, zarazno zevanje se javlja

In fact, contagious yawning starts occurring

when we are about four or five years old,

kada imamo četiri ili pet godina,

at the point when children

u trenutku kada deca

develop the ability to identify others' emotions properly.

razviju sposobnost da propisno primete tuđe emocije.

Ipak, dok novije naučne studije teže da dokažu da se zarazno zevanje

Still, while newer scientific studies aim to prove that contagious yawning

is based on this capacity for empathy,

zasniva na kapacitetu empatije,

more research is needed to shed light on what exactly is going on.

potrebno je više istraživanja da bi se rasvetlilo šta se zaista dešava.

It's possible that the answer lies in another hypothesis altogether.

Moguće je da odgovor u potpunosti leži u drugoj hipotezi.

Sledećeg puta kada uhvatite sebe kako zevate,

The next time you get caught in a yawn,

take a second to think about what just happened.

zastanite na trenutak da razmislite šta se upravo desilo.

Were you thinking about a yawn?

Da li ste razmišljali o zevanju?

Da li je neko blizu vas zevao?

Did someone near you yawn?

Was that person a stranger or someone close?

Da li je ta osoba stranac ili neko blizak?

And are you yawning right now?

Da li upravo zevate?

(Yawn)

(Zevanje)

(Lip smacking)

(Mljackanje)