Why is yawning contagious? - Claudia Aguirre

2,369,785 views ・ 2013-11-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: June Lee κ²€ν† : Gayun Kim
00:07
Oh, excuse me!
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μ €λŸ°, μ‹€λ‘€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:10
Have you ever yawned because somebody else yawned?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•˜ν’ˆμ„ ν•΄μ„œ
λ”°λΌν•˜κ²Œ 된 적이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:13
You aren't especially tired,
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ ν”Όκ³€ν•œ 것도 μ•„λ‹Œλ°
00:15
yet suddenly your mouth opens wide
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κ°‘μžκΈ° μž…μ΄ 크게 μ—΄λ¦¬λ©΄μ„œ
00:18
and a big yawn
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큰 ν•˜ν’ˆμ΄
00:22
comes out.
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λ‚˜μ™€λ²„λ¦¬μ£ .
이런 ν˜„μƒμ€ 'μ „μ—Όμ„± ν•˜ν’ˆ'으둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
This phenomenon is known as contagious yawning.
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00:27
And while scientists still don't fully understand
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λ„ κ·Έ 원인을
00:29
why it happens,
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λ‹€ λΉνžˆμ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
00:30
there are many hypotheses currently being researched.
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ν˜„μž¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 가섀듀이 κ²€ν† λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Let's take a look at a few of the most prevalent ones,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
κ°€μž₯ λŒ€ν‘œμ μœΌλ‘œ
00:36
beginning with two physiological hypotheses
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생리적 가섀이 두 개 μžˆλŠ”λ°
00:38
before moving to a psychological one.
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심리적 가섀에 μ•žμ„œ λ¨Όμ € μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
첫번째 생리적 가섀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
00:42
Our first physiological hypothesis
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00:44
states that contagious yawning is triggered by a specific stimulus,
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μ „μ—Όμ„± ν•˜ν’ˆμ€
νŠΉμ • μžκ·Ήμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ΄‰λ°œλœλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
an initial yawn.
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즉, 졜초의 ν•˜ν’ˆμ΄μ£ .
00:50
This is called fixed action pattern.
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이λ₯Ό 'κ³ μ • 행동 νŒ¨ν„΄'이라 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ°˜μ‚¬ μž‘μš©κ³Όλ„ κ°™μ£ .
00:53
Think of fixed action pattern like a reflex.
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00:55
Your yawn makes me yawn.
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λˆ„κ°€ ν•˜ν’ˆν•˜λ©΄ λ”°λΌμ„œ ν•˜ν’ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
Similar to a domino effect, one person's yawn triggers a yawn
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도미노 ν˜„μƒκ³Όλ„ μœ μ‚¬ν•œλ°μš”.
ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•˜ν’ˆν•˜λ©΄ μ˜† μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
01:02
in a person nearby that has observed the act.
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이λ₯Ό 보고 λ”°λΌν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
01:04
Once this reflex is triggered, it must run its course.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°˜μ‚¬ μž‘μš©μ΄ μ΄‰λ°œλ˜λ©΄
연이어 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Have you ever tried to stop a yawn once it has begun?
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ν•œλ²ˆ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ ν•˜ν’ˆμ„
λ©ˆμΆ”λ € ν•œ 적 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
01:11
Basically impossible!
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ£ !
01:15
Another physiological hypothesis
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 생리적 가섀은
01:17
is known as non-conscious mimicry,
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'λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ  λͺ¨λ°©'으둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
01:20
or the chameleon effect.
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카멜레온 νš¨κ³ΌλΌκ³ λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
This occurs when you imitate someone's behavior
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ 행동을 λͺ¨λ°©ν•  λ•Œ
01:24
without knowing it,
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ˜μ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©΄
01:25
a subtle and unintentional copycat maneuver.
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μ΄λŠ” 무심코 ν•œ λͺ¨λ°© ν–‰μœ„κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ μžμ„Έλ₯Ό κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ”°λΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
People tend to mimic each other's postures.
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01:31
If you are seated across from someone that has their legs crossed,
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λ§Œμ•½ λ§žμ€ νŽΈμ— μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
닀리λ₯Ό κΌ°λ‹€λ©΄
01:34
you might cross your own legs.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 따라 κΌ½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 가섀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
01:37
This hypothesis suggests
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01:38
that we yawn when we see someone else yawn
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν•˜ν’ˆμ„ λ”°λΌν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
01:41
because we are unconsciously copying his or her behavior.
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λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 행동을
λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 카멜레온 νš¨κ³Όκ°€
01:45
Scientists believe that this chameleon effect is possible
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νŠΉμ • μ‹ κ²½ 세포 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:48
because of a special set of neurons known as mirror neurons.
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이λ₯Ό '거울 μ‹ κ²½ 세포'라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell
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거울 μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ‡Œ μ„Έν¬μ˜ μΌμ’…μœΌλ‘œ
01:55
that responds equally when we perform an action
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŠΉμ • 행동을 ν•˜λ©΄ λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
as when we see someone else perform the same action.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 행동을 ν•  λ•Œμ—λ„
λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
These neurons are important for learning and self-awareness.
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이 μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬λŠ”
ν•™μŠ΅κ³Ό 자기 인식에 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
For example, watching someone do something physical,
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κ°€λ Ή, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•˜λŠ” 행동을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄
02:07
like knitting or putting on lipstick,
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즉, λœ¨κ°œμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜
λ¦½μŠ€ν‹± λ°”λ₯΄κΈ°μ™€ 같은
02:10
can help you do those same actions more accurately.
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ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Neuroimaging studies using fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging,
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μ‹ κ²½ μ˜μƒν•™μ€ fMRI둜 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
즉, κΈ°λŠ₯μ„± 자기 곡λͺ… μ˜μƒλ²•μ΄μ£ .
02:19
show us that when we seem someone yawn or even hear their yawn,
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이에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ ν•˜ν’ˆν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 보게 되면
λ˜λŠ” λ“£κ²Œ 되면
02:23
a specific area of the brain housing these mirror neurons
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λ‡Œμ˜ νŠΉμ • λΆ€μœ„κ°€
거울 μ‹ κ²½ 세포λ₯Ό κ΄€μž₯ν•˜μ—¬
02:27
tends to light up,
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ν™œμ„±ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
which, in turn, causes us to respond with the same action:
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό ν•˜ν’ˆμ„
λ”°λΌν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:32
a yawn!
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심리적 가섀도
02:34
Our psychological hypothesis also involves the work of these mirror neurons.
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거울 μ‹ κ²½ 세포λ₯Ό 근거둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
We will call it the empathy yawn.
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이λ₯Ό '곡감 ν•˜ν’ˆ'이라고 해보죠.
κ³΅κ°μ΄λž€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 감정을
02:42
Empathy is the ability to understand what someone else is feeling
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이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯으둜
02:45
and partake in their emotion,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 감정을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
a crucial ability for social animals like us.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  동물인 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 자질이죠.
졜근, μ‹ κ²½κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
02:50
Recently, neuroscientists have found that a subset of mirror neurons
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거울 μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ•„λ₯˜ 세포가
02:54
allows us to empathize with others' feelings
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심측적인 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 감정에
02:56
at a deeper level.
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κ³΅κ°ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€€λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
(Yawn)
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02:58
Scientists discovered this empathetic response to yawning
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
ν•˜ν’ˆμ˜ '곡감적 λ°˜μ‘'을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
03:01
while testing the first hypothesis we mentioned,
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첫째 κ°€μ„€ κ²€μ¦μ—μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
fixed action pattern.
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즉, κ³ μ • 행동 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄μ£ .
이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€
03:05
This study was set up to show that dogs would enact a yawn reflex
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κ°œλ“€λ„ 'λ°˜μ‘ ν•˜ν’ˆ'을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
at the mere sound of a human yawn.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν•˜ν’ˆ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“€μœΌλ©΄ 말이죠.
연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 이 사싀을 μž…μ¦ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:12
While their study showed this to be true, they found something else interesting.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 점도 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Dogs yawned more frequently at familiar yawns,
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κ°œλ“€μ€ μΉœμˆ™ν•œ ν•˜ν’ˆ μ†Œλ¦¬μ— μ‰½κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
such as from their owners,
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주인 ν•˜ν’ˆμ²˜λŸΌμš”
03:21
than at unfamiliar yawns from strangers.
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λ‚―μ„  ν•˜ν’ˆ μ†Œλ¦¬λ³΄λ‹€ 말이죠.
03:24
Following this research, other studies on humans and primates
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이 연ꡬ에 따라
인간과 영μž₯λ₯˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 연ꡬ도
03:27
have also shown that contagious yawning
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'μ „μ—Ό ν•˜ν’ˆ'이 자주 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”
03:29
occurs more frequently among friends than strangers.
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κ²½μš°λŠ” 타인보닀 친ꡬ 사이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ „μ—Ό ν•˜ν’ˆμ΄ μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°λŠ”
03:33
In fact, contagious yawning starts occurring
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03:35
when we are about four or five years old,
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4-5μ„Έ κ²½μΈλ°μš”.
03:38
at the point when children
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μ΄λ•Œ
03:39
develop the ability to identify others' emotions properly.
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νƒ€μΈμ˜ 감정을 μΈμ§€ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Still, while newer scientific studies aim to prove that contagious yawning
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μ΅œμ‹  연ꡬ듀은
μ „μ—Ό ν•˜ν’ˆμ΄ 곡감 λŠ₯λ ₯에
03:47
is based on this capacity for empathy,
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λ”°λ₯Έ κ²ƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•˜λ € ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:49
more research is needed to shed light on what exactly is going on.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ가 이루어져야
μ •ν™•ν•œ 원인을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 해닡이
03:53
It's possible that the answer lies in another hypothesis altogether.
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 가섀에 μžˆμ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹€μŒμ— 또 ν•˜ν’ˆμ„ ν•˜κ²Œ 되면
03:57
The next time you get caught in a yawn,
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03:59
take a second to think about what just happened.
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방금 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일을 곰곰이 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:02
Were you thinking about a yawn?
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ν•˜ν’ˆ 생각을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:05
Did someone near you yawn?
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κ·Όμ²˜μ— λˆ„κ°€ ν•˜ν’ˆμ„ ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:07
Was that person a stranger or someone close?
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νƒ€μΈμ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”, μ§€μΈμ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:11
And are you yawning right now?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ§€κΈˆ ν•˜ν’ˆν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
04:14
(Yawn)
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04:19
(Lip smacking)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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