The real story behind Archimedes’ Eureka! - Armand D'Angour

Istinska priča koja stoji iza Arhimedove Eureke - Arman Dangur (Armand D'Angour)

Prevodilac: Ljiljana Colic Lektor: Mile Živković

When you think of Archimedes' "Eureka!" moment,

Kada razmišljate o Arhimedovom trenutku „Eureke”,

you probably think of this.

verovatno pomislite na ovo.

As it turns out, it may have been more like this.

Ispostavlja se da je bilo više ovako.

In the third century BC, Hieron, king of the Sicilian city of Syracuse,

U trećem veku pre nove ere, Hijeron, kralj sicilijanskog grada Sirakuze,

izabrao je Arhimeda da nadgleda

chose Archimedes to supervise

an engineering project of unprecedented scale.

građevinski projekat jedinstvenih razmera.

Hieron commissioned a sailing vessel

Hijeron je naručio brod

50 times bigger than a standard ancient warship,

50 puta veći od standardnog drevnog ratnog broda,

named the Syracusia after his city.

koji je po gradu nazvan Sirakuzija.

Hieron wanted to construct the largest ship ever,

Hijeron je želio da sagradi najveći brod ikada,

which was destined to be given as a present

koji je predodređen da bude poklon

for Egypt's ruler, Ptolemy.

egipatskom vladaru, Ptolemeju.

But could a boat the size of a palace possibly float?

Ali može li brod veličine jedne palate uopšte ploviti?

In Archimedes's day, no one had attempted anything like this.

U Arhimedovo doba, niko nije pokušao ovako nešto.

It was like asking, "Can a mountain fly?"

To je kao kada biste pitali, „Može li planina da leti?”

King Hieron had a lot riding on that question.

Kralj Hijeron je mnogo polagao na to pitanje.

Hundreds of workmen were to labor for years on constructing the Syracusia

Stotine radnika bi godinama radilo na izgradnji Sirakuzije

out of beams of pine and fir from Mount Etna,

od drveta borova i jela sa planine Etna,

ropes from hemp grown in Spain,

užadi od konoplje uzgojene u Španiji,

and pitch from France.

i katrana iz Francuske.

The top deck, on which eight watchtowers were to stand,

Gornja paluba, na kojoj bi se nalazilo osam osmatračnica,

was to be supported not by columns,

ne bi bila oslonjena na stubove,

but by vast wooden images of Atlas holding the world on his shoulders.

već na ogromne drvene likove Atlasa koji drži svet na ramenima.

On the ship's bow,

Na pramcu broda bi se nalazio

a massive catapult would be able to fire 180 pound stone missiles.

ogroman katapult koji bi izbacivao kamene rakete teške oko 80 kg.

For the enjoyment of its passengers,

Da bi putnici uživali,

the ship was to feature a flower-lined promenade,

na brodu bi se nalazilo šetalište ukrašeno cvećem,

a sheltered swimming pool,

zatvoreni bazen,

and bathhouse with heated water,

i kupatilo sa vrućom vodom,

a library filled with books and statues,

biblioteka puna knjiga i kipova,

a temple to the goddess Aphrodite,

hram boginje Afrodite,

and a gymnasium.

i teretana.

And just to make things more difficult for Archimedes,

I samo da još više oteža Arhimedu,

Hieron intended to pack the vessel full of cargo:

Hijeron je naumio da napuni brod teretom:

400 tons of grain,

400 tona žita,

10,000 jars of pickled fish,

10 000 tegli ukiseljene ribe,

74 tons of drinking water,

74 tone vode za piće,

and 600 tons of wool.

i 600 tona vune.

It would have carried well over a thousand people on board,

Brod bi poneo preko hiljadu ljudi,

including 600 soldiers.

uključujući 600 vojnika.

And it housed 20 horses in separate stalls.

I moglo bi se smestiti 20 konja u zasebne štale.

To build something of this scale,

Izgraditi nešto ovolikih razmera,

only for that to sink on its maiden voyage?

samo da bi potonulo na svom prvom putovanju?

Well, let's just say that failure

Pa, recimo samo da takav neuspeh

wouldn't have been a pleasant option for Archimedes.

ne bi bio ugodna opcija za Arhimeda.

So he took on the problem: will it sink?

Tako je on uzeo da razmatra problem: hoće li potonuti?

Perhaps he was sitting in the bathhouse one day,

Možda je jednog dana sedeo u kupatilu,

wondering how a heavy bathtub can float,

pitajući se kako jedna teška kada može da pluta,

when inspiration came to him.

kada mu je došla inspiracija.

An object partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force

Predmet koji je do pola zaronjen u tečnost izbacuje sila

equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

koja je jednaka težini tečnosti izbačene tim predmetom.

In other words, if a 2,000 ton Syracusia displaced exactly 2,000 tons of water,

Drugim rečima, ako Sirakuzija od 2000 tona izbaci tačno 2000 tona vode,

it would just barely float.

jedva da će plutati.

If it displaced 4,000 tons of water, it would float with no problem.

Ako izbaci 4000 tona vode, plutaće bez problema.

Of course, if it only displaced 1,000 tons of water,

Naravno, ako izbaci samo 1000 tona vode,

well, Hieron wouldn't be too happy.

pa, Hijeron ne bi bio baš presrećan.

This is the law of buoyancy,

Ovo je zakon potiska,

and engineers still call it Archimedes' Principle.

i inženjeri ga i dalje zovu Arhimedovo načelo.

It explains why a steel supertanker can float as easily as a wooden rowboat

On objašnjava zašto jedan čelični supertanker može da pluta jednako lako

or a bathtub.

kao i drveni čamac ili kada.

If the weight of water displaced by the vessel below the keel

Ako je težina vode koju brod potopljen do kobilice izbaci

is equivalent to the vessel's weight,

jednaka težini broda,

whatever is above the keel will remain afloat above the waterline.

šta god da se nalazi iznad kobilice će ostati da pluta iznad nivoa vode.

This sounds a lot like another story involving Archimedes and a bathtub,

Ovo dosta zvuči kao jedna druga priča o Arhimedu i kadi,

and it's possible that's because they're actually the same story,

i moguće je jer je to zapravo jedna te ista priča,

twisted by the vagaries of history.

izobličena ćudljivošću istorije.

The classical story of Archimedes' Eureka! and subsequent streak through the streets

Klasična priča o Arhimedovoj „Eureki” i jurnjava kroz ulice koja je usledila

centers around a crown, or corona in Latin.

zasnovana je na kruni, ili koroni na latinskom.

At the core of the Syracusia story is a keel, or korone in Greek.

U srži priče o Sirakuziji je kobilica, ili na grčkom korone.

Could one have been mixed up for the other?

Da li je jedna priča možda pomešana sa drugom?

We may never know.

Možda nikada nećemo saznati.

On the day the Syracusia arrived in Egypt on its first and only voyage,

Na dan kad je Sirakuzija stigla u Egipat na svom prvom i jedinom putovanju,

we can only imagine how residents of Alexandria thronged the harbor

možemo samo da zamislimo kako je luka vrvela od stanovnika Aleksandrije

to marvel at the arrival of this majestic, floating castle.

koji su došli da se dive dolasku veličanstvenog, plutajućeg dvorca.

This extraordinary vessel was the Titanic of the ancient world,

Ovaj izvanredan brod je bio Titanik drevnog sveta,

except without the sinking, thanks to our pal, Archimedes.

izuzev potapanja, zahvaljujući našem drugu Arhimedu.