Can we create the "perfect" farm? - Brent Loken

2,197,073 views ใƒป 2020-10-12

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Mirjana ฤŒutura
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Sawsan Thabit ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›- 10,000 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
00:12
This agricultural revolution was a turning point in our history
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ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
00:16
that enabled people to settle, build and create.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ.
00:21
In short, agriculture enabled the existence of civilization.
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ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
00:26
Today, approximately 40 percent of our planet is farmland.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื› 40% ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืื“ืžื” ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
00:31
Spread all over the world,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
00:33
these agricultural lands are the pieces to a global puzzle
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ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
00:37
we are all facing:
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื”:
00:39
in the future, how can we feed every member of a growing population
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”
00:44
a healthy diet?
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ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”?
00:46
Meeting this goal will require
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ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•
00:48
nothing short of a second agricultural revolution.
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ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื”ืคื›ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื”.
00:52
The first agricultural revolution
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ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
00:54
was characterized by expansion and exploitation,
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ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ,
00:58
feeding people at the expense of forests, wildlife and water
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ืืกืคืงืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื
01:03
and destabilizing the climate in the process.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ื”ืคืจืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:07
That's not an option the next time around.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช.
01:10
Agriculture depends on a stable climate
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ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืงืœื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘,
01:14
with predictable seasons and weather patterns.
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ืขื ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
01:17
This means we can't keep expanding our agricultural lands,
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช,
01:21
because doing so will undermine the environmental conditions
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ืžืคื™ ืฉืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืชืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื
01:24
that make agriculture possible in the first place.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
01:28
Instead, the next agricultural revolution
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื”
01:31
will have to increase the output of our existing farmland for the long term
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ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš
01:35
while protecting biodiversity, conserving water
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื,
01:39
and reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”.
01:44
So what will the future farms look like?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“?
01:47
This drone is part of a fleet that monitors the crops below.
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ืจื—ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื™ ืฉืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”.
01:52
The farm may look haphazard
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ืชื™ืจืื” ืœื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช
01:54
but is a delicately engineered use of the land
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ื“ื•ืก ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข
01:57
that intertwines crops and livestock with wild habitats.
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ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืื™ื™ื.
02:01
Conventional farming methods cleared large swathes of land
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข
02:05
and planted them with a single crop,
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“
02:08
eradicating wildlife
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื’ืจื ืœื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ
02:09
and emitting huge amounts of greenhouse gases in the process.
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ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”.
02:14
This approach aims to correct that damage.
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ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื–ื”.
02:18
Meanwhile, moving among the crops,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื,
02:20
teams of field robots apply fertilizer in targeted doses.
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ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื˜ื—, ืžืคื–ืจื™ื ื“ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื.
02:25
Inside the soil,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ืžื”,
02:26
hundreds of sensors gather data on nutrients and water levels.
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ืžืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื.
02:31
This information reduces unnecessary water use
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช,
02:34
and tells farmers where they should apply more and less fertilizer
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ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืฉืŸ, ื•ืื™ืคื” ืคื—ื•ืช
02:38
instead of causing pollution by showering it across the whole farm.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจื™ืกื•ืก ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื•ืœื•.
02:43
But the farms of the future won't be all sensors and robots.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืš ื•ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื.
02:48
These technologies are designed to help us produce food
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
02:51
in a way that works with the environment
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
02:54
rather than against it,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ื”,
02:55
taking into account the nuances of local ecosystems.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
03:02
Lower-cost agricultural practices can also serve those same goals
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืจืชื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช
03:07
and are much more accessible to many farmers.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
03:10
In fact, many such practices are already in use today
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
03:14
and stand to have an increasingly large impact
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช
03:17
as more farmers adopt them.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
03:20
In Costa Rica,
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ื‘ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”,
03:21
farmers have intertwined farmland with tropical habitat so successfully
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ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ื” ืจื‘ื”
03:26
that they have significantly contributed to doubling the country's forest cover.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืชืจืžื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื›ืคืœืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
03:30
This provides food and habitat for wildlife
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ
03:33
as well as natural pollination and pest control
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืื‘ืงื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
03:36
from the birds and insects these farms attract,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:39
producing food while restoring the planet.
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:43
In the United States,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
03:44
ranchers are raising cattle on grasslands composed of native species,
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ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ืžืจืขื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:48
generating a valuable protein source
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื™ื™ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืงืจ ืขืจืš
03:51
using production methods that store carbon and protect biodiversity.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
03:56
In Bangladesh, Cambodia and Nepal,
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ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœืื“ืฉ, ืงืืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื ืคืืœ,
03:59
new approaches to rice production
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ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ืจื–
04:01
may dramatically decrease greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื– ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช .
04:05
Rice is a staple food for three billion people
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ืื•ืจื– ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
04:09
and the main source of livelihood for millions of households.
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ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
04:12
More than 90 percent of rice is grown in flooded paddies,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 90% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืจื– ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื™ื,
04:17
which use a lot of water
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ืฉืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื
04:19
and release 11 percent of annual methane emissions,
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ื•ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื 11% ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื– ื”ืžืชืืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
04:23
which accounts for one to two percent
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ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
04:25
of total annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.
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ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ื ืคืœื˜ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:29
By experimenting with new strains of rice,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื ื–ื ื™ ืื•ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
04:32
irrigating less
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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื™ื”
04:34
and adopting less labor-intensive ways of planting seeds,
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ื•ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ืœืช ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:38
farmers in these countries
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื”ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื”
04:39
have already increased their incomes and crop yields
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ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื”ื ื•ืืช ืชื ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
04:43
while cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
04:47
In Zambia,
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ื‘ื–ืืžื‘ื™ื”,
04:48
numerous organizations are investing in locally specific methods
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
04:52
to improve crop production, reduce forest loss
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ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ
04:56
and improve livelihoods for local farmers.
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ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืคืจื ืกืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
04:59
These efforts are projected to increase crop yield
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ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืœื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื
05:02
by almost a quarter over the next few decades.
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ื‘ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
05:06
If combined with methods to combat deforestation in the region,
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ืื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
05:10
they could move the country
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:11
toward a resilient, climate-focused agricultural sector.
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ืœืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:16
And in India,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
05:18
where up to 40 percent of post-harvest food is lost or wasted
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ืฉื ืขื“ 40% ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงืฆืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ืช
05:22
due to poor infrastructure,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื”,
05:23
farmers have already started to implement solar-powered cold storage capsules
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ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช
05:29
that help thousands of rural farmers preserve their produce
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ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืืœืคื™ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื
05:32
and become a viable part of the supply chain.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื”.
05:37
It will take all of these methods,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
05:39
from the most high-tech to the lowest-cost,
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ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:42
to revolutionize farming.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
05:44
High-tech interventions stand to amplify
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ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื
05:47
climate- and conservation-oriented approaches to farming,
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ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ื-ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ-
05:51
and large producers will need to invest in implementing these technologies.
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ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•.
05:55
Meanwhile, we'll have to expand access to the lower-cost methods
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
05:59
for smaller-scale farmers.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:01
This vision of future farming will also require a global shift
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™
06:06
toward more plant-based diets
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ืœืงืจืืช ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:09
and huge reductions in food loss and waste,
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ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
06:12
both of which will reduce pressure on the land
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”
06:15
and allow farmers to do more with what they have available.
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:20
If we optimize food production, both on land and sea,
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ืื ื ื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื,
06:24
we can feed humanity
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
06:25
within the environmental limits of the earth,
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
06:29
but there's a very small margin of error,
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ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“,
06:32
and it will take unprecedented global cooperation
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ื•ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื
06:36
and coordination of the agricultural lands we have today.
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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