Situational irony: The opposite of what you think - Christopher Warner

2,549,759 views ใƒป 2012-12-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:16
Picture this:
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”:
00:18
your friend and you are watching a sitcom
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ื—ื‘ืจื›ื ื•ืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
00:20
and a sassy sidekick walks into a room,
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ื›ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฆื•ืคื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื—ื“ืจ,
00:22
carrying a four-tiered wedding cake.
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ื ื•ืฉืืช ืขื•ื’ืช ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช.
00:25
He trips,
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00:25
falls,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“,
ื ื•ืคืœ,
00:26
and face-plants into the cake.
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ื•ื ื•ื—ืช ืขื ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ื’ื”.
00:28
Your friend doubles over with laughter and says,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืฆื—ื•ืง ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
00:31
"It's so ridiculous! So ironic!"
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"ื–ื” ื›ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ืš! ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื™ืจื•ื ื™!"
00:34
Well, quick, what do you do?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
00:36
Do you laugh along with the laugh track
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืก ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง
00:38
and let this grievous misinterpretation of irony go?
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ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื’ ื”ืฉื•ื ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ?
00:41
Or, do you throw caution to the wind
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ืื•, ืฉืืชื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
00:43
and explain the true meaning of irony?
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ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”?
00:45
If you're me, you choose the latter.
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ืื ืืชื ืื ื™, ืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™.
00:48
Unfortunately, irony has been completely misunderstood.
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ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:52
We tend to throw out that term
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื”
00:54
whenever we see something funny or coincidental.
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื•ืžืงืจื™.
00:57
And while many examples of true irony can be funny,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช,
01:00
that is not the driving factor of being ironic.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
01:04
A situation is only ironic if what happens
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ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืจืง ืื ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
01:07
is the exact opposite of what was expected.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืคื•ื™.
01:10
If you expect A, but get B,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœ ื' ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘',
01:13
then you have irony.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
01:15
Let's take the slap-stick cake situation as an example.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกืœืคืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
01:17
When someone walks in precariously balancing something
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื•ืžืื–ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
01:20
that shouldn't be carried alone,
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ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืœืงื— ืœื‘ื“,
01:22
trips, falls, and makes a mess,
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ืžื•ืขื“, ื ื•ืคืœ, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืœื’ืŸ,
01:25
it is funny, but it's not ironic.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™.
01:27
In fact, you probably expect someone
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื•
01:29
who is single-handedly carrying a huge cake to trip.
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ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœื‘ื“ ืขื•ื’ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:32
When he does, reality aligns with expectations,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช,
01:35
and so that is not irony.
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื• ืœื ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
01:38
But what if the sassy sidekick walked in wearing a gold medal
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืขื•ื ื“ืช ืžื“ืœื™ืช ื–ื”ื‘
01:41
that he'd won at the cake walking event
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืืช ืขื•ื’ื•ืช
01:43
at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996?
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ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื” ื‘ 1996?
01:46
What if that sidekick was a professional cake carrier?
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ืžื” ืื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™?
01:49
Then, maybe there would have been a reasonable expectation
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ืื–, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช
01:52
that he would have been more skilled
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:54
when carrying a ridiculously large cake.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ื’ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”.
01:57
Then, when that reasonable expectation was not met by the tripping sidekick,
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช,
02:02
irony would have been exemplified.
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ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช.
02:05
Another example.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
02:06
A senior citizen texting and blogging.
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ืื–ืจื— ื•ืชื™ืง ืžืกืžืก ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื’.
02:09
The common and reasonable expectation
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช
02:10
of more mature men and women
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ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:13
is that they don't like or know technology,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
02:16
that they have a hard time turning on a computer,
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
02:19
or that they have the old brick cell phones from the 1980s.
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืขื ืง ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื.
02:22
One should not expect them to be connected,
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื,
02:25
high-tech,
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ื”ื™ ื˜ืงื™ื™ื,
02:26
or savvy enough to text
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ืื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืกืžืก
02:27
or to be blogging,
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ืื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
02:29
which must seem like some sort of newfangled thing
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™
02:31
that "back in my day," they never had.
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ืฉ"ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื," ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื.
02:35
So when Granny pulls out her smart phone
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ืื– ื›ืฉืกื‘ืชื ืฉื•ืœืคืช ืืช ื”ืกืžืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ
02:37
to post pictures of her dentures
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
02:39
or her grandkids,
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ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
02:40
irony ensues.
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ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื”.
02:42
Reasonable expectations of the situation are not met.
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ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžืชืžืžืฉื•ืช.
02:46
That is irony.
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ื–ื• ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
02:48
So while the cake dropper might not be ironic,
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ืื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช,
02:51
there are all kinds of situations in life that are.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืŸ.
02:55
Go out, and find those true examples of irony.
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ืฆืื•, ื•ืžืฆืื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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