What causes panic attacks, and how can you prevent them? - Cindy J. Aaronson

5,016,398 views ใƒป 2020-10-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: hila scherba ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
The body becomes its own corset.
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื—ื•ืš ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
00:09
Past, present, and future exist as a single force.
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ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื›ื•ื— ื™ื—ื™ื“.
00:13
A swing without gravity soars to a terrifying height.
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ื ื“ื ื“ื” ืœืœื ื›ื— ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืžืจื™ืื” ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื.
00:18
The outlines of people and things dissolve.
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ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื.
00:23
Countless poets and writers have tried to put words
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ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืชืืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื
00:26
to the experience of a panic attackโ€”
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ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื” --
00:28
a sensation so overwhelming, many people mistake it for a heart attack, stroke,
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ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื”, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ืฉื‘ืฅ,
00:33
or other life-threatening crisis.
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ืื• ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ.
00:36
Though panic attacks donโ€™t cause long-term physical harm,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื–ืง ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš,
00:40
afterwards, the fear of another attack can limit someoneโ€™s daily lifeโ€”
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ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืชืงืฃ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื --
00:44
and cause more panic attacks.
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
00:46
Studies suggest that almost a third of us
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
00:49
will experience at least one panic attack in our lives.
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ื™ื—ื•ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
00:52
And whether itโ€™s your first, your hundredth,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื• ื”ืžืื” ืฉืœื›ื,
00:55
or youโ€™re witnessing someone else go through one,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
00:57
no one wants to repeat the experience.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
01:00
Even learning about them can be uncomfortable, but itโ€™s necessaryโ€”
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ --
01:04
because the first step to preventing panic attacks is understanding them.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
01:10
At its core, a panic attack is an overreaction to the bodyโ€™s
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ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื–ืžื”
01:13
normal physiological response to the perception of danger.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ื”.
01:17
This response starts with the amygdala,
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื”,
01:19
the brain region involved in processing fear.
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“.
01:22
When the amygdala perceives danger,
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ื›ืฉื”ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืกื›ื ื”,
01:24
it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื˜ื™ืช,
01:27
which triggers the release of adrenaline.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ.
01:30
Adrenaline prompts an increase in the heart and breathing rate
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ื”ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”
01:33
to get blood and oxygen to the muscles of the arms and legs.
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื ื•ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
01:37
This also sends oxygen to the brain, making it more alert and responsive.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื•ืœื— ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœืžื•ื—, ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจื•ืš ื•ืžื’ื™ื‘.
01:42
During a panic attack,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”,
01:44
this response is exaggerated well past what would be useful
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœ
01:48
in a dangerous situation,
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
01:50
causing a racing heart, heavy breathing, or hyperventilation.
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื“ื•ืคืง ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ืื• ื ืฉื™ืžืช-ื™ืชืจ.
01:55
The changes to blood flow cause lightheadedness
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช
01:57
and numbness in the hands and feet.
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
02:00
A panic attack usually peaks within 10 minutes.
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ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ื“ืงื•ืช.
02:03
Then, the prefrontal cortex takes over from the amygdala
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ืื–, ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื”ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื”
02:07
and stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system.
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ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืืจืืกื™ืžืคื˜ื˜ื™ืช.
02:10
This triggers the release of a hormone called acetylcholine
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ื–ื” ืžื ื™ืข ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื ืืฆื˜ื™ืœื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ
02:14
that decreases the heart rate and gradually winds down the panic attack.
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ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ื—ืจื“ื”.
02:19
In a panic attack, the bodyโ€™s perception of danger
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ื‘ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”, ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
02:22
is enough to trigger the response we would have to a real threatโ€” and then some.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ -- ื•ืขื•ื“.
02:27
We don't know for sure why this happens,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
02:30
but sometimes cues in the environment that remind us
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื•
02:32
of traumatic past experience can trigger a panic attack.
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ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื˜ืจืื•ืžืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”.
02:37
Panic attacks can be part of anxiety disorders
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ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”
02:39
like PTSD, social anxiety disorder, OCD, and generalized anxiety disorder.
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ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”, ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืคืจืขื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช-ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช.
02:46
Recurring panic attacks, frequent worry about new attacks,
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ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื“ืื’ื” ืžื”ืชืงืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:50
and behavioral changes to avoid panic attacks
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื”
02:53
can lead to a diagnosis of a panic disorder.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื”.
02:57
The two main treatments for panic disorder
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืคื™ ืคืื ื™ืงื”
02:59
are antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT.
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ื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™, ืื• CBT.
03:05
Both have about a 40% response rateโ€”
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ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 40% ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” --
03:08
though someone who responds to one may not respond to the other.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™.
03:12
However, antidepressant medications carry some side effects,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช,
03:16
and 50% of people relapse when they stop taking them.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืคื™ื ืืฆืœ ื›-50% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื.
03:20
CBT, meanwhile, is more lasting, with only a 20% relapse rate.
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CBT, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื ืจืง 20% ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื”ืชืงืคื™ื.
03:25
The goal of CBT treatment for panic disorder is to help people learn
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ CBT ืœื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
03:29
and practice concrete tools to exert physical, and in turn mental,
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ื•ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ื’ื ื ืคืฉื™ืช,
03:34
control over the sensations and thoughts associated with a panic attack.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”.
03:39
CBT begins with an explanation of the physiological causes of a panic attack,
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CBT ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”,
03:44
followed by breath and muscle exercises designed to help people
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื
03:48
consciously control breathing patterns.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
03:51
Next comes cognitive restructuring,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
03:54
which involves identifying and changing the thoughts
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ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช
03:56
that are common during attacksโ€”
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ืฉื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื” --
03:58
such as believing youโ€™ll stop breathing, have a heart attack, or dieโ€”
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื ืฉื•ื, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ืื• ืชืžื•ืชื• --
04:02
and replacing them with more accurate thoughts.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช.
04:07
The next stage of treatment is exposure to the bodily sensations and situations
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
04:11
that typically trigger a panic attack.
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”.
04:14
The goal is to change the belief, through experience,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
04:17
that these sensations and situations are dangerous.
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
04:22
Even after CBT, taking these steps isnโ€™t easy in the grip of an attack.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ CBT, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื–ื” ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงืฃ.
04:27
But with practice, these tools can both prevent and de-escalate attacks,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืงืคื™ื,
04:32
and ultimately reduce the hold of panic on a personโ€™s life.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.
04:37
Outside formal therapy,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉืžื™,
04:39
many panickers find relief from the same beliefs CBT aims to instill:
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืจื“ืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ืงืœื” ืžืื•ืชื ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉ-CBT ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข:
04:44
that fear canโ€™t hurt you, but holding on to it will escalate panic.
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ืฉืคื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื—ืจื“ื”.
04:50
Even if youโ€™ve never had a panic attack,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ื—ืจื“ื”,
04:52
understanding them will help you identify one in yourself or someone elseโ€”
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ --
04:57
and recognizing them is the first step in preventing them.
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ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื–ื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืชื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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