Can you change your sleep schedule?

2,046,533 views ใƒป 2023-09-12

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Maya Sinay ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:07
Here we see an early bird and a night owl in their natural habitats.
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ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื™ืžื” ืงื•ื ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
00:11
The early bird rises with the sun, springing out of bed abuzz with energy.
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืžื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืงื•ืคืฆืช ืžืžื™ื˜ืชื” ืžืœืืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
00:16
As the day goes on, they slowly get more and more exhausted
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื™ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:19
until finally crashing around sunset.
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืกืช ืžืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”.
00:22
Meanwhile, the night owl rises long after the sun,
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืœื™ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
00:26
stumbling groggily from their bed.
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ื•ืžื–ื“ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ื˜ืชื•.
00:28
After about 30 minutesโ€” or a cup of coffeeโ€”
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ืœืื—ืจ 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš - ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” -
00:31
they begin to come to life.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืืžืช.
00:33
But they donโ€™t really hit their stride until later in the day,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:36
at which point they comfortably coast past sunset,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ืขืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”,
00:39
only heading to bed in the early hours of the morning.
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
00:43
For many, this is a familiar story, and one thatโ€™s easy to cast yourself in.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื•.
00:48
But how many people are truly night owls or early birds?
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืงื•ื?
00:52
And are our natural sleep schedules predetermined at birth,
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ื•ื”ืื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”?
00:56
or can we change them?
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ืื• ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื?
00:58
The truth is thereโ€™s a lot of space between these extremes,
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื”,
01:01
and most people fall somewhere in the middle.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
01:03
These behaviors are determined by our circadian systemโ€”
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• -
01:07
which is anchored by a pair of nerve cell clusters
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ืฉืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืฆืžื“ ืฉืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘
01:09
located in the anterior hypothalamus.
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ืฉืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ื”ืงื“ืžื™.
01:12
These nerve cells respond to light exposure coming in through your eyes
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ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘ ืืœื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:16
to track the day-night cycle that dictates your bodyโ€™s internal clock,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•
01:20
or circadian rhythm.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™.
01:22
That steady rhythm helps determine the bodyโ€™s flow of hormones,
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ื–ื”ื• ืงืฆื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
01:26
with the broader circadian system acting like a conductor
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื
01:30
that keeps your organs functioning in time with one another.
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ืฉื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื—ืจ.
01:33
And a major part of that performance is managing the bodyโ€™s transitions
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
01:37
between being awake and being asleep.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืขืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื ื”.
01:41
Now, your circadian system can't just decide its bedtime and knock you out.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื•.
01:45
However, by tracking how much light you typically get
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ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
01:49
and when in your waking hours you usually get it,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืื•ืจ,
01:51
the system can make predictions about when youโ€™re likely to need sleep
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžืชื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ
01:55
and prepare your body accordingly.
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื.
01:57
For example, if you consistently go to sleep around 10 pm,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 22:00 ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
02:01
your circadian system will start producing sleep-inducing melatonin
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ื ื”
02:05
around two hours before then to tell your body itโ€™s time for bed.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
02:10
So if this rhythm is molded by our sleep habits,
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ืื– ืื ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:13
can we change it just by sticking to a strict schedule?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืœืœื•ืดื– ืงืฉื™ื—?
02:17
To a degree.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
02:18
Everyoneโ€™s bodies are unique,
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ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”,
02:19
so even two people with the same sleep schedule might have different experiences
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื–ืžื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื–ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
02:24
based on their circadian systemโ€™s hormonal quirks.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:27
For example, where early birds generally flood with cortisol just before waking up,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื,
02:32
night owls often have their cortisol peak roughly 30 minutes after getting up.
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ืขืจืš 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื•.
02:37
Hormonal differences like these determine how you experience your circadian rhythm.
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ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™.
02:42
And while these factors can shift with age,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื,
02:44
youโ€™re unlikely to grow out of your bodyโ€™s preferred sleep schedule.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
02:48
That said, you can cultivate habits to help or hinder your circadian rhythm.
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™.
02:54
Keeping consistent sleeping hours helps your body accurately predict
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ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
02:58
when to send out hormones,
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ืžืชื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื,
03:00
making it easier to stick to your schedule.
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ื•ื›ืš ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฆืžื“ ืœื–ืžื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”.
03:02
Conversely, research in sleep deprived college students
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื’ืณ ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”
03:05
has found their unpredictable sleeping habits
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ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืœื-ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
03:07
weaken their entire circadian system.
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ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:11
Compromised circadian rhythms are less effective
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ืžืงืฆื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช
03:14
at coordinating organ functioning and can incur health risks
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ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื
03:17
like metabolic disorders and vulnerable immune systems.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
03:20
But perhaps just as important as sleep hygiene is light hygiene.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
03:25
Getting sufficient contrast between bright daylight and dimmer nighttime light
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ืงื‘ืœืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื” ืขืžื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:30
is essential for synchronizing your circadian rhythm,
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ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™,
03:33
and nothing establishes this contrast better than sunlight.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ.
03:38
Even on overcast days, sunlight is much brighter than standard indoor lighting.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื ื™ื, ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
03:43
So if you're typically awake during the day,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื
03:45
try getting outside as soon as possible to teach your body
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื•
03:48
when to be active and alert.
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ืžืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
03:51
Itโ€™s difficult to maintain a sleep schedule
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ืงืฉื” ืœืชื—ื–ืง ื–ืžื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”
03:53
that pushes against your bodyโ€™s preferences.
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ืฉืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:55
And even if you succeed for months,
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ื•ื’ื ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
03:57
it only takes one bad night to send your circadian system back to baseline.
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ืœื™ืœื” ืจืข ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ืจืงื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
04:02
But whether youโ€™re an early bird, night owl, or somewhere in between,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื”, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข -
04:06
itโ€™s important to remember that as long as youโ€™re consistent,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื,
04:09
thereโ€™s no wrong time to wake up or go to sleep.
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื• ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
04:12
What matters most is getting enough rest for the day ahead.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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