Why should you read "The Handmaid's Tale"? - Naomi R. Mercer

2,386,773 views ใƒป 2018-03-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shai Hakim
00:06
In Margaret Atwood's near-future novel, "The Handmaid's Tale,"
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“, "ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื”,"
00:11
a Christian fundamentalist regime called the Republic of Gilead
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ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื“ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืช ื’ื™ืœืื“
00:15
has staged a military coup and established a theocratic government
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ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ืชื™
00:19
in the United States.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:21
The regime theoretically restricts everyone,
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ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื,
00:24
but in practice a few men have structured Gilead so they have all the power,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื’ืœื™ืื“ ื›ืš ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—,
00:30
especially over women.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
00:33
The Handmaid's Tale is what Atwood calls speculative fiction,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื˜ื•ื•ื“ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
00:37
meaning it theorizes about possible futures.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืชืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
00:40
This is a fundamental characteristic
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ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื“ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช
00:42
shared by both utopian and dystopian texts.
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ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื™ื.
00:46
The possible futures in Atwood's novels are usually negative, or dystopian,
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืื• ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื,
00:50
where the actions of a small group have destroyed society as we know it.
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
00:57
Utopian and dystopian writing tends to parallel political trends.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:02
Utopian writing frequently depicts an idealized society
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ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช
01:05
that the author puts forth as a blueprint to strive toward.
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ืฉื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื›ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืืœื™ื”.
01:09
Dystopias, on the other hand,
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ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
01:11
are not necessarily predictions of apocalyptic futures,
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™ื™ื,
01:14
but rather warnings about the ways in which societies can set themselves
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ืืœื ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ
01:18
on the path to destruction.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื”.
01:21
The Handmaid's Tale was published in 1985, when many conservative groups
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ 1985, ื›ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืžืจื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
01:26
attacked the gains made by the second-wave feminist movement.
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ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
01:30
This movement had been advocating greater social and legal equality for women
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื
01:34
since the early 1960s.
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ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 60.
01:37
The Handmaid's Tale imagines a future in which the conservative
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื” ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื• ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช
01:40
counter-movement gains the upper hand
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ืžืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
01:43
and not only demolishes the progress women had made toward equality,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
01:47
but makes women completely subservient to men.
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ืืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ื ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:51
Gilead divides women in the regime into distinct social classes
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ื’ื™ืœืื“ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื
01:55
based upon their function as status symbols for men.
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืกืžืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:59
Even their clothing is color-coded.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืข.
02:01
Women are no longer allowed to read
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ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจื•ื
02:03
or move about freely in public,
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ืื• ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
02:05
and fertile women are subject to state-engineered rape
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ื ืก ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
02:08
in order to give birth to children for the regime.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
02:13
Although The Handmaid's Tale is set in the future,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื” ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
02:16
one of Atwood's self-imposed rules in writing it
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ื›ืคื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื”
02:19
was that she wouldn't use any event
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืข ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
02:21
or practice that hadn't already happened in human history.
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ืื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:25
The book is set in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
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ืขืœื™ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
02:28
a city that during the American colonial period
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ืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
02:30
had been ruled by the theocratic Puritans.
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ื ืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื.
02:34
In many ways, the Republic of Gilead resembles the strict rules
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืช ื’ืœื™ืื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื
02:37
that were present in Puritan society:
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ืช:
02:40
rigid moral codes,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื,
02:41
modest clothing,
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ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฆื ื•ืข,
02:43
banishment of dissenters,
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ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ืœื ื™ื,
02:45
and regulation of every aspect of people's lives and relationships.
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ื•ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
02:50
For Atwood, the parallels to Massachusett's Puritans
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“, ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก
02:53
were personal as well as theoretical.
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ื”ื™ื• ืื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:56
She spent several years studying the Puritans at Harvard
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืืจื•ื•ืจื“
02:59
and she's possibly descended from Mary Webster,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืืฆืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ ื•ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ,
03:01
a Puritan woman accused of witchcraft who survived her hanging.
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ืื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืืฉืžื” ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืจื“ื” ืืช ื”ืชืœื™ื” ืฉืœื”.
03:07
Atwood is a master storyteller.
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ืื˜ื•ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช.
03:10
The details of Gilead, which we've only skimmed the surface of,
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœืื“ ืฉืจืง ืจืคืจืคื ื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื”ื,
03:13
slowly come into focus through the eyes of its characters,
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคื•ืงื•ืก ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
03:17
mainly the novel's protagonist Offred,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื’ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ืคืจื“,
03:20
a handmaid in the household of a commander.
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ืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“.
03:23
Before the coup that established Gilead,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืจื“ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœืื“,
03:25
Offred had a husband, a child, a job, and a normal, middle-class American life.
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ืœืื•ืคืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ, ื™ืœื“, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื.
03:31
But when the fundamentalist regime comes into power,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื“ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืขืœื”,
03:34
Offred is denied her identity,
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ื ืžื ืขื” ืžืื•ืคืจื“ ื–ื”ื•ืชื”,
03:37
separated from her family,
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ื”ื•ืคืจื“ื” ืžืžืฉืคื—ืชื”,
03:38
and reduced to being, in Offred's words,
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ื•ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืคืจื“,
03:41
"a two-legged womb for increasing Gilead's waning population."
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"ืจื—ื ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื“ืœื“ืœืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœืื“."
03:46
She initially accepts the loss of her fundamental human rights
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
03:49
in the name of stabilizing the new government.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:52
But state control soon extends into attempts to control the language,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื”,
03:57
behavior,
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ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช,
03:58
and thoughts of herself and other individuals.
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ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:01
Early on, Offred says,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืื•ืคืจื“ ืื•ืžืจืช,
04:03
"I wait. I compose myself.
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"ืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื”, ืžืชืืคืกืช,
04:07
My self is a thing I must compose, as one composes a speech."
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ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ."
04:13
She likens language to the formulation of identity.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืžื” ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื–ื”ื•ืช.
04:17
Her words also acknowledge the possibility of resistance,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžืืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช,
04:21
and it's resistance, the actions of people who dare to break the political,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื’ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
04:26
intellectual,
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
04:27
and sexual rules,
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื,
04:28
that drives the plot of the Handmaid's Tale.
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ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื—ื”.
04:32
Ultimately, the novel's exploration of the consequences of complacency,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืื ื ื•ืช,
04:37
and how power can be wielded unfairly,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช,
04:40
makes Atwood's chilling vision of a dystopian regime ever relevant.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืžืจืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื™ ืœืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืžืื™ ืคืขื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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