Why should you read "The Handmaid's Tale"? - Naomi R. Mercer

2,259,350 views ・ 2018-03-08

TED-Ed


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Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:06
In Margaret Atwood's near-future novel, "The Handmaid's Tale,"
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U „Sluškinjinoj priči", romanu o bliskoj budućnosti Margaret Atwood,
00:11
a Christian fundamentalist regime called the Republic of Gilead
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kršćanski fundamentalistički režim, nazvan Republika Gilead,
00:15
has staged a military coup and established a theocratic government
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organizirao je vojni puč i uspostavio teokratsku diktaturu
00:19
in the United States.
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u Sjedinjenim Državama.
00:21
The regime theoretically restricts everyone,
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Teoretski, režim ograničava svakoga,
00:24
but in practice a few men have structured Gilead so they have all the power,
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no u praksi, nekoliko muškaraca postavilo je Gilead tako da oni imaju svu moć,
00:30
especially over women.
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naročito nad ženama.
00:33
The Handmaid's Tale is what Atwood calls speculative fiction,
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„Sluškinjinu priču" autorica naziva spekulativnom fikcijom,
00:37
meaning it theorizes about possible futures.
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što znači da daje teorije o mogućim budućnostima.
00:40
This is a fundamental characteristic
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Ovo je temeljno obilježje
00:42
shared by both utopian and dystopian texts.
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koju dijele i utopijski i distopijski tekstovi.
00:46
The possible futures in Atwood's novels are usually negative, or dystopian,
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Moguće budućnosti u Atwoodinim romanima obično su negativne, tj. distopijske,
00:50
where the actions of a small group have destroyed society as we know it.
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u kojima su djelovanja neke male grupe uništila društvo kakvo poznajemo.
00:57
Utopian and dystopian writing tends to parallel political trends.
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Utopijska i distopijska djela teže ocrtavanju paralela političkih trendova.
01:02
Utopian writing frequently depicts an idealized society
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Utopijska djela često oslikavaju idealizirano društvo
01:05
that the author puts forth as a blueprint to strive toward.
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koje pisac stavlja pred nas kao primjer kojem treba težiti.
01:09
Dystopias, on the other hand,
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Distopije, s druge strane,
01:11
are not necessarily predictions of apocalyptic futures,
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nisu nužno predviđanja apokaliptične budućnosti,
01:14
but rather warnings about the ways in which societies can set themselves
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već prije upozorenja o načinima kako se društva mogu urediti
01:18
on the path to destruction.
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na putu prema uništenju.
01:21
The Handmaid's Tale was published in 1985, when many conservative groups
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„Sluškinjina priča" je objavljena 1985., kada su mnoge konzervativne grupe
01:26
attacked the gains made by the second-wave feminist movement.
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napadale dostignuća koja je postigao drugi val feminističkog pokreta.
01:30
This movement had been advocating greater social and legal equality for women
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Ovaj pokret je zagovarao veću društvenu i pravnu jednakost žena
01:34
since the early 1960s.
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još od ranih 1960-ih.
01:37
The Handmaid's Tale imagines a future in which the conservative
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„Sluškinjina priča" zamišlja budućnost u kojoj je konzervativni
01:40
counter-movement gains the upper hand
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protupokret postigao prevlast
01:43
and not only demolishes the progress women had made toward equality,
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i ne samo da je uništio napredak u jednakosti kojeg su žene postigle,
01:47
but makes women completely subservient to men.
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već je žene učinio potpuno podređenima muškarcima.
01:51
Gilead divides women in the regime into distinct social classes
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Gilead dijeli žene unutar režima u različite društvene klase,
01:55
based upon their function as status symbols for men.
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ovisno o njihovim funkcijama kao statusnim simbolima za muškarce.
01:59
Even their clothing is color-coded.
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I boja njihove odjeće ima značenje.
02:01
Women are no longer allowed to read
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Ženama više nije dozvoljeno čitati
02:03
or move about freely in public,
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ili se slobodno kretati u javnosti,
02:05
and fertile women are subject to state-engineered rape
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a plodne žene su podvrgnute silovanjima koje je osmislila država
02:08
in order to give birth to children for the regime.
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kako bi za potrebe režima rađale djecu.
02:13
Although The Handmaid's Tale is set in the future,
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Iako se „Sluškinjina priča" odvija u budućnosti,
02:16
one of Atwood's self-imposed rules in writing it
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jedno od pravila, koje je Atwood pri pisanju nametnula samoj sebi,
02:19
was that she wouldn't use any event
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je da neće koristiti nijedan događaj
02:21
or practice that hadn't already happened in human history.
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ili praksu koja se već nije dogodila u ljudskoj povijesti.
02:25
The book is set in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
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Radnja knjige se odvija u Cambridgeu, državi Massachusetts,
02:28
a city that during the American colonial period
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u gradu kojim su tijekom američkog kolonijalnog razdoblja
02:30
had been ruled by the theocratic Puritans.
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vladali teokratski puritanci.
02:34
In many ways, the Republic of Gilead resembles the strict rules
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Na razne načine, Republika Gilead oslikava strogu vladavinu
02:37
that were present in Puritan society:
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koja je bila prisutna u puritanskom društvu:
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rigid moral codes,
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stroga moralna pravila,
02:41
modest clothing,
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skromna odjeća,
02:43
banishment of dissenters,
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progon pobunjenika
02:45
and regulation of every aspect of people's lives and relationships.
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i regulacija svakog aspekta ljudskih života i odnosa.
02:50
For Atwood, the parallels to Massachusett's Puritans
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Za Atwood su paralele s puritancima Massachusettsa
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were personal as well as theoretical.
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bile jednako i osobne i teoretske.
02:56
She spent several years studying the Puritans at Harvard
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Provela je nekoliko godina izučavajući puritance na Harvardu
02:59
and she's possibly descended from Mary Webster,
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i vjerojatno je u rodu s Mary Webster,
03:01
a Puritan woman accused of witchcraft who survived her hanging.
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puritanke koja je optužena za čarobnjaštvo i koja je preživjela vlastito vješanje.
03:07
Atwood is a master storyteller.
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Atwood je majstorica pripovijedanja.
03:10
The details of Gilead, which we've only skimmed the surface of,
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Detalji o Gileadu, kojima jedva da smo zagrebli po površini,
03:13
slowly come into focus through the eyes of its characters,
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polako postaju središte naše pažnje promatrani očima likova,
03:17
mainly the novel's protagonist Offred,
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prije svega glavne junakinje Fredove,
03:20
a handmaid in the household of a commander.
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sluškinje u kućanstvu zapovjednika.
03:23
Before the coup that established Gilead,
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Prije puča kojim je uspostavljen Gilead,
03:25
Offred had a husband, a child, a job, and a normal, middle-class American life.
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Fredova je imala supruga, dijete, posao i običan život Amerikanke srednjeg staleža.
03:31
But when the fundamentalist regime comes into power,
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Međutim, kada je fundamentalistički režim došao na vlast,
03:34
Offred is denied her identity,
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Fredovoj je uskraćen identitet,
03:37
separated from her family,
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odvojena je od obitelji
03:38
and reduced to being, in Offred's words,
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i svedena na, prema njezinim riječima,
03:41
"a two-legged womb for increasing Gilead's waning population."
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„utrobu na dvije noge za porast broja stanovništva Gileada koje je u padu."
03:46
She initially accepts the loss of her fundamental human rights
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U početku prihvaća gubitak svojih temeljnih ljudskih prava
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in the name of stabilizing the new government.
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u ime stabilizacije nove vlade.
03:52
But state control soon extends into attempts to control the language,
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Međutim, državna kontrola se uskoro širi na pokušaje kontrole jezika,
03:57
behavior,
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ponašanja
03:58
and thoughts of herself and other individuals.
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i razmišljanja o sebi i drugim pojedincima.
04:01
Early on, Offred says,
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Već rano u romanu, Fredova kaže:
04:03
"I wait. I compose myself.
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„Čekam. Sastavljam samu sebe.
04:07
My self is a thing I must compose, as one composes a speech."
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Moje "ja" je ono što moram sastaviti, kao što netko sastavlja govor."
04:13
She likens language to the formulation of identity.
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Jezik poistovjećuje s identitetom.
04:17
Her words also acknowledge the possibility of resistance,
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Njene riječi također potvrđuju mogućnost otpora,
04:21
and it's resistance, the actions of people who dare to break the political,
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a otpor, postupci ljudi koji se usuđuju prekršiti politička,
04:26
intellectual,
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intelektualna
04:27
and sexual rules,
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i seksualna pravila,
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that drives the plot of the Handmaid's Tale.
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ono je što pokreće zaplet „Sluškinjine priče".
04:32
Ultimately, the novel's exploration of the consequences of complacency,
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Naposljetku, istraživanje posljedica pomirljivosti
04:37
and how power can be wielded unfairly,
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i toga kako moć može biti nepravedno korištena,
04:40
makes Atwood's chilling vision of a dystopian regime ever relevant.
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ono je što čini Atwoodinu jezivu viziju distopijskog režima još relevantnijom.
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