How taking a bath led to Archimedes' principle - Mark Salata

Translator: Siswa Batam Reviewer: Deera Army Pramana

Some of the best opportunities to learn

Beberapa peluang terbaik untuk belajar

are the moments in which we are perplexed.

adalah saat-saat di mana kita bingung,

yaitu di saat kamu mulai heran dan bertanya-tanya.

Those moments in which you begin to wonder and question.

These moments have happened throughout history.

Hal ini banyak terjadi sepanjang sejarah.

and have led to some truly amazing discoveries.

dan berujung pada banyak penemuan luar biasa.

Take this story, for example.

Contohnya adalah cerita berikut.

There once was a fellow named Archimedes.

Pernah ada seorang bernama Archimedes.

He was born in 287 B.C. in the city of Syracuse in Sicily.

Ia lahir pada 287 SM di kota Syracuse, Sisilia.

He was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer,

Dia adalah seorang matematikawan, fisikawan, insinyur,

inventor, and astronomer.

penemu, dan astronom di Yunani.

One day, Archimedes was summoned by the king of Sicily

Suatu hari, Archimedes dipanggil oleh raja Sisilia

to investigate if he had been cheated by a goldsmith.

untuk menyelidiki apakah dia telah ditipu oleh pandai emas.

The king said he had given a goldsmith the exact amount of gold

Raja telah memberi pandai emas itu sejumlah emas untuk membuat mahkota.

needed to make a crown.

However, when the crown was ready, the king suspected that the goldsmith cheated

Namun, ketika mahkota sudah jadi, raja curiga si pandai emas curang

and slipped some silver into the crown,

dan mencampurkan perak ke dalam mahkota,

keeping some of the gold for himself.

menggelapkan sebagian emas untuk dirinya.

The king asked Archimedes to solve the problem.

raja meminta Archimedes untuk memecahkan masalah ini.

But there was a catch: he couldn't do any damage to the crown.

Tetapi, ada syaratnya.

Dia tidak boleh merusak mahkota.

One day, while taking his bath,

Suatu hari, ketika dia berendam

Archimedes noticed that the water level in the bathtub rose

Archimedes menyadari bahwa ketinggian air di bak mandi naik

and overflowed as he immersed himself into the tub.

dan meluap saat dia membenamkan diri ke bak mandi.

He suddenly realized that how much water was displaced

Dia tiba-tiba menyadari banyaknya air yang tumpah

depended on how much of his body was immersed.

tergantung pada berapa banyak tubuhnya terbenam.

This discovery excited him so much that he jumped out of the tub

Penemuan ini membuat dia sangat senang hingga dia lompat keluar bak

and ran through the streets naked, shouting "Eureka!"

dan berlari telanjang ke jalanan, sambil berteriak "Eureka!",

Which comes from the ancient Greek meaning "I found it."

dari bahasa Yunani kuno yang berarti "saya menemukannya."

What did he find?

Apa yang ditemukannya?

Yah, ia menemukan cara untuk memecahkan masalah raja.

Well, he found a way to solve the king's problem.

You see, Archimedes needed to check the crown's density

Begini, Archimedes perlu memeriksa kepadatan mahkota

to see if it was the same as the density of pure gold.

untuk membandingkannya dengan kepadatan emas murni.

Density is a measure of an object's mass divided by its volume.

Densitas adalah besaran dari massa suatu benda dibagi volumenya.

Pure gold is very dense, while silver is less dense.

Emas murni sangat padat, sedangkan perak kurang padat.

So if there was silver in the crown, it would be less dense than if it were made of pure gold.

Jadi, jika mahkota mengandung perak,

mahkota akan lebih ringan dibandingkan emas asli.

But no matter what it was made of, the crown would be the same shape,

Tetapi, terlepas apa pun bahannya, bentuk mahkota akan sama,

which means the same volume.

yang berarti punya volume yang sama.

So if Archimedes could measure the mass of the crown first,

Jadi, jika Archimedes bisa mengukur massa mahkota

and then measure its volume,

lalu mengukur volumenya,

he could find out how dense it was.

dia bisa mengetahui kepadatannya.

But it is not easy to measure a crown's volume - it has an irregular shape,

Tetapi, sulit mengukur volume mahkota yang bentuknya tidak teratur

that's different from a simple box or ball.

yang tidak sesederhana kotak atau pun bola.

You can't measure its size and multiply like you might for other shapes.

Kamu tidak bisa mengukur dan mengalikannya sebagaimana pada bentuk bangun lainnya.

The solution, Archimedes realized,

Solusi yang Archimedes temukan

was to give the crown a bath.

adalah merendam mahkota itu.

by placing it in water and seeing how much water was displaced,

Dengan meletakan mahkota di air dan mengukur banyak luapan air,

he could measure the volume,

dia dapat mengukur volemenya.

and he'd calculate the density of the crown.

Lalu, dia bisa menghitung kepadatan mahkota.

Jika mahkotanya kurang padat daripada emas asli,

If the crown was less dense than pure gold,

maka bisa dipastikan si pandai emas telah menipu raja.

then the goldsmith most definitely cheated the king.

When Archimedes went back to the king and did his test,

Ketika Archimedes kembali menghadap raja untuk melakukan tes,

the story says, he found that the goldsmith had indeed cheated the king,

menurut cerita, dia membuktikan bahwa si pandai emas memang menipu raja,

dan mencampurkan perak.

and slipped some silver in. These days,

Kini, cara mengukur volume menggunakan air disebut sebagai

using the way an object displaces water to measure volume is called

Prinsip Archimedes.

Archimedes' principle. The next time you take a bath,

Lain kali, ketika kamu berendam, kamu bisa mengamati prinsip Archimedes

you can see Archimedes' principle in action,

dan mungkin kamu akan menemukan ide jeniusmu sendiri.

and maybe you'll have a genius idea of your own.