A glimpse of teenage life in ancient Rome - Ray Laurence

12,247,085 views ・ 2012-10-29

TED-Ed


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00:00
Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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Prevoditelj: Hrvoje Tkalec Recezent: Sanda L
Danas je 17. ožujka 73. godine naše ere.
00:17
It's March the 17th in A.D. 73.
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Idemo u antički Rim kako bismo posjetili Liberalije,
00:21
We're visiting ancient Rome to watch the Liberalia,
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godišnji festival koji slavi slobodu rimskih građana.
00:24
an annual festival that celebrates the liberty of Rome's citizens.
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Pogledajmo sedamnaestogodišnjaka koji se zove Lucije Popidije Secundus.
00:30
We're looking in at a 17-year-old named Lucius Popidius Secundus.
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On nije iz siromašne obitelji, ali živi u regiji poznatoj kao Subura,
00:36
He's not from a poor family, but he lives in the region known as the Subura,
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siromašnije susjedstvo u Rimu, ali ipak blizu centru grada.
00:41
a poorer neighborhood in Rome, yet close to the center of the city.
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(Gong)
00:45
(Gong)
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Ovi stanovi su gusto naseljeni,
00:48
The tenants of these apartments are crammed in,
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(Groktanje)
što predstavlja značajan rizik.
00:50
(Grunting)
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00:51
which poses considerable risk.
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Požari su česti pa miris pepela i dima ujutro nije neobičan.
00:54
Fires are frequent and the smell of ash and smoke in the morning is not uncommon.
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Lucije, koji se probudio u zoru, danas ima obiteljske obaveze.
01:01
Lucius, who awoke at dawn, has family duties to perform today.
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(Ovacije)
Njegov petnaestogodišnji brat postaje punoljetan.
01:07
(Cheering)
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01:08
His 15-year-old brother is coming of age.
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Polovica djece u antičkom Rimu umre prije nego postanu punoljetni
01:12
Half the children in ancient Rome die before they reach adulthood,
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pa je ovo posebno važan događaj.
01:16
so this is a particularly important milestone.
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Lucije gleda svojeg brata, koji stoji u novoj togi
01:20
Lucius watches his brother stand in his new toga
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ispred kućnog oltara s bogovima zaštitnicima,
01:23
before the household shrine with its protective deities,
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dok on stavlja svoju bulu, zaštitnu amajliju, na oltar,
01:27
as he places his bulla, a protective amulet,
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usput govoreći molitvu zahvale.
01:31
in the shrine with a prayer of thanks.
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Bula je obavila zadatak. Zaštitila ga je.
01:35
The bulla had worked. It had protected him.
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Za razliku od mnogih drugih, on je preživio i postao punoljetan.
01:39
Unlike many others, he had survived to become an adult.
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Sa 17 godina, Lucije je skoro završio svoje obrazovanje.
01:44
At 17, Lucius has almost completed his education.
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Naučio je lijepo se izražavati, držati javne govore
01:49
He has learned to speak well, make public speeches,
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i kako čitati i pisati na latinskom i grčkom.
01:53
and how to read and write both Latin and Greek.
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Njegov otac ga je naučio stvari koje se ne mogu naučiti u školi:
01:57
His father has taught him the types of things
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01:59
you can't learn in the classroom:
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kako trčati,
kako plivati
02:02
how to run,
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02:04
how to swim,
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i kako se boriti.
02:06
and how to fight.
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Lucije bi mogao izabrati da, sa 17 godina, postane vojni tribun
02:08
Lucius could choose, at 17, to become a military tribune
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i zapovijeda vojnicima na granicama Carstva.
02:13
and command soldiers on the edge of the Empire.
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S druge strane, Lucije je još dijete.
02:18
But in other ways, Lucius is still a child.
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Ne povjerava mu se ugovaranje poslova.
02:22
He's not trusted to arrange business deals.
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Njegov otac će se brinuti za to dok on ne navrši 25 godina.
02:24
His father will take care of that until he is 25.
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Otac će mu dogovoriti brak za 10 godina mlađu djevojku.
02:30
And Dad will arrange Lucius' marriage to a girl 10 years younger.
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Njegov otac je bacio oko na obitelj koja ima sedmogodišnju kćer.
02:36
His dad has his eye on a family with a 7-year-old daughter.
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Vratimo se natrag na Liberalije.
Dok Lucije odlazi sa svojom obitelji,
02:41
Back to the Liberalia.
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02:43
As Lucius leaves with his family,
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dućani su otvoreni dok se stanovništvo bavi svojim poslom.
02:45
the shops are open as the population goes about its business.
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Ulice su pune putujućih trgovaca koji prodaju nakit
02:50
The streets are full of itinerant traders selling trinkets
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i ljudi koji užurbano hodaju posvuda.
02:54
and people bustling from place to place.
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Velikim kolima nije dozvoljen ulazak u grad do popodne,
02:57
Large wagons are not allowed in the city until after the ninth hour
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ali ulice su svejedno prometne.
03:02
but the streets are still crowded.
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Očevi i ujaci vode djecu na Augustov forum
03:06
Fathers and uncles take the kids to the Forum Augustus
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kako bi pogledali kipove slavnih rimskih ratnika
03:10
to see statues of Rome's famous warriors
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kao što je Eneja, koji je doveo pretke Rimljana, Trojance, u Italiju,
03:14
like Aeneas, who led Rome's ancestors, the Trojans, to Italy.
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i Romul, osnivač Rima.
03:19
And Romulus, Rome's founder.
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I svi veliki generali Republike od prije 100 godina.
03:21
And all the great generals of the Republic from more than 100 years earlier.
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S ljubavlju, možemo zamisliti očeve i tutore
03:27
Lovingly, we can imagine fathers and guardians
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s njihovom, sada odraslom, djecom
03:30
with their now adult children
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kako se prisjećaju priča o slavi Rima
03:33
remembering stories of Rome's glory
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i prepričavaju velika djela i izreke velikih ljudi prošlosti:
03:36
and re-telling the good deeds and sayings of the great men of the past:
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lekcije o tome kako ispravno živjeti
03:41
lessons on how to live well,
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i kako prevladati mladenačke gluposti.
03:43
and to overcome the follies of youth.
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Postoji osjećaj povijesnog značaja ovog mjesta važan za njihovu sadašnjost.
03:47
There is a sense of history in this place, relevant to their present.
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Rimljani su stvorili carstvo bez kraja u vremenu i prostoru.
03:53
Romans made an empire without end in time and space.
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(Bubnjevi)
Rimu je bilo suđeno da bude vječan kroz rat.
03:57
(Thump)
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Rome was destined to be eternal through warfare.
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Ratovi su bili neizbježni, čak i 73. godine naše ere.
04:02
Wars were a fact of life, even in A.D. 73.
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Vode se ratni pohodi na sjeveru Engleske i u Škotskoj,
04:06
There are campaigns in the north of England and into Scotland,
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sjeverno od rijeke Dunav u Rumunjskoj
04:11
to the north of the River Danube into Romania,
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i na granici između Sirije i Iraka na istoku.
04:13
and on the frontier between Syria and Iraq to the east.
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Sada je 14 sati - vrijeme za odlazak u terme.
04:18
It's now the eighth hour -- time to head for the baths.
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Lucije i njegova obitelj idu širokom ulicom "Via Lata"
04:22
Lucius and his family head up the Via Lata, the wide street,
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do Polja Marsa "Campus Martius" i ogromnih Agripinih termi.
04:26
to the Campus Martius, and the enormous Baths of Agrippa.
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Članovi obitelji ostavljaju svoje klijente i oslobođene robove vani
04:31
The family members leave the clients and freedmen outside,
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i ulaze u terme sa svojim vršnjacima.
04:35
and enter the baths with their peer group.
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Kupališta bi se promijenila od tamnih soba punih pare do svijetlih.
04:38
Baths would change from dark, steamy rooms to light ones.
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Rimljani su usavršili proizvodnju prozorskih stakala.
04:44
The Romans had perfected window glass.
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Svi se kreću od prostorije s hladnom vodom
04:47
Everyone moves from the cold room
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do prostorije s mlakom vodom,
04:51
to the tepid room
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sve do prostorije s jako vrućom vodom.
04:53
and to the very hot room.
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(Čovjek) Ups!
Više od sat vremena kasnije, gosti odlaze
04:55
(Man) Oops!
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04:57
More than an hour later, the bathers leave
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izmasirani, nauljeni
(Zviždanje)
05:00
massaged, oiled,
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i ostrugani metalnim alatom strigilom
05:02
(Whistling)
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05:03
and have been scraped down with a strigil
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koji je skidao ostatak prljavštine.
05:06
to remove the remaining dirt.
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U 15 sati, sedam sati nakon što su otišli od kuće,
05:10
At the ninth hour, seven hours after they left home,
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muškarci se vraćaju kući na svečanu večeru.
05:14
the men return for a celebratory dinner.
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Večera je intiman događaj
05:17
Dinner is an intimate affair,
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s devet ljudi koji leže oko niskog stola.
05:20
with nine people reclining around the low table.
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Robovi ispunjavaju sve njihove želje,
a gosti gestom zahtijevaju još hrane i vina.
05:25
Slaves attend to their every need
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05:27
if the diners, through gestures, demand more food and wine.
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Kako se dan primiče kraju, vani možemo čuti tutnjavu kočija.
05:33
As the day closes, we can hear the rumble of wagons outside.
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Klijenti i oslobođeni robovi,
koji su pojeli velik, ali ipak skromniji, obrok,
05:38
The clients and freedmen,
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05:39
with a meal of robust -- if inferior -- food inside them,
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odlaze do sada mlakih termi
05:43
shuffle off to the now tepid baths
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prije nego se vrate svojim domovima.
05:46
before returning to their apartment blocks.
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Kod Lucijeve kuće, pijenje se nastavlja kasno u noć.
05:49
Back at Lucius' house, the drinking continues into the night.
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Lucije i njegov polubrat ne izgledaju najbolje.
05:54
Lucius and his stepbrother don't look too well.
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Rob stoji uz njih ako jedan od njih treba povraćati.
05:57
A slave stands by in case either of them needs to vomit.
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S našim znanjem povijesti, mi znamo Lucijevu budućnost.
06:05
With hindsight, we know Lucius' future.
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Za 20 godina će Domicijan, najmlađi sin cara Vespazijana,
06:07
In 20 years' time, the Emperor Vespasian's youngest son, Domitian, as emperor,
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pokrenuti vladavinu terora.
Hoće li Lucije preživjeti?
06:13
will enact a reign of terror.
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06:15
Will Lucius survive?
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06:17
(Drums)
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