What are those floaty things in your eye? - Michael Mauser

Što su one plutajuće stvari u vašem oku? - Michael Mauser

22,456,012 views

2014-12-01 ・ TED-Ed


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What are those floaty things in your eye? - Michael Mauser

Što su one plutajuće stvari u vašem oku? - Michael Mauser

22,456,012 views ・ 2014-12-01

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG
00:06
Have you ever noticed something swimming in your field of vision?
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Jeste li nekad primjetili nešto kako pliva u vašem vidnom polju?
00:10
It may look like a tiny worm or a transparent blob,
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Možda izgleda kao mali crv ili prozirna kap,
00:14
and whenever you try to get a closer look, it disappears,
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i kada pokušate pogledati pobliže, nestane,
samo kako bi se ponovno pojavila čim svratite pogled.
00:18
only to reappear as soon as you shift your glance.
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00:21
But don't go rinsing out your eyes!
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Ali nemojte ispirati oči!
00:23
What you are seeing is a common phenomenon
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Ono što vidite je uobičajeni fenomen, poznat kao plutač.
00:26
known as a floater.
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00:28
The scientific name for these objects is Muscae volitantes,
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Znanstveno ime za te predmete je Musca volitantes,
00:32
Latin for "flying flies,"
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latinski za 'leteće mušice',
00:34
and true to their name, they can be somewhat annoying.
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i u skladu s imenom, mogu biti donekle dosadne.
00:37
But they're not actually bugs or any kind of external objects at all.
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Ali one nisu zapravo bube ili bilo kakav vanjski predmet.
00:42
Rather, they exist inside your eyeball.
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Zapravo, one postoje unutar vaših očnih jabučica.
00:45
Floaters may seem to be alive, since they move and change shape,
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Plutači možda izgledaju živo, jer se miču i mjenjaju oblik,
00:48
but they are not alive.
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ali nisu živi.
00:50
Floaters are tiny objects that cast shadows on the retina,
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Plutači su mali predmeti koji mogu bacati sjenu na mrežnicu,
00:54
the light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eye.
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tkivo osjetljivo na svjetlost u vašem oku.
00:58
They might be bits of tissue,
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Mogu biti komadići tkiva,
00:59
red blood cells,
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crvena krvna zrnca,
01:00
or clumps of protein.
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ili komadići proteina.
01:02
And because they're suspended within the vitreous humor,
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I zato što se nalazi u oku,
01:06
the gel-like liquid that fills the inside of your eye,
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tekućini poput gela koja je u vašim očima,
01:09
floaters drift along with your eye movements,
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plutači se kreću u skladu sa pokretanjem očiju,
01:11
and seem to bounce a little when your eye stops.
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i pomalo skakuću kada vam oko stane.
01:15
Floaters may be only barely distinguishable most of the time.
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Većinu vremena, plutače možemo jedva razaznati.
01:19
They become more visible the closer they are to the retina,
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Postaju vidljiviji što su bliže mrežnici,
01:22
just as holding your hand closer to a table with an overhead light
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kao što držanje vaše ruke bliže stolu uz svjetlo iznad
01:26
will result in a more sharply defined shadow.
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rezultira jasnije definiranom sjenom.
01:29
And floaters are particularly noticeable
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I plutači su vrlo primjetni
01:31
when you are looking at a uniform bright surface,
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kada gledate jednoličnu svijetlu površinu,
01:34
like a blank computer screen,
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kao prazan računalni ekran,
01:36
snow,
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snijeg,
01:37
or a clear sky,
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ili vedro nebo,
01:38
where the consistency of the background makes them easier to distinguish.
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gdje konzistentnost pozadine olakšava razaznavanje.
01:43
The brighter the light is, the more your pupil contracts.
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Što je jača svjetlost, više se vaša zjenica sužava.
01:46
This has an effect similar to replacing a large diffuse light fixture
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Ovo ima sličan učinak kao mjenjanje velikog difuznog izvora svjetla
01:50
with a single overhead light bulb,
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s jednom žaruljom iznad glave
01:53
which also makes the shadow appear clearer.
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što također čini da sjena izgleda jasnije.
01:56
There is another visual phenomenon that looks similar to floaters
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Postoji još jedan vizualni fenomen sličan plutačima
01:59
but is in fact unrelated.
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ali je zapravo nepovezan.
02:02
If you've seen tiny dots of light darting about
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Ako ste vidjeli ove male točkice svjetlosti kako se kreću
02:04
when looking at a bright blue sky,
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kada gledate u vedro plavo nebo,
02:07
you've experienced what is known as the blue field entoptic phenomenon.
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iskusili ste entoptički fenomen plavog polja.
02:12
In some ways, this is the opposite of seeing floaters.
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Na neke načine, on je suprotan od viđanja plutača.
02:15
Here, you are not seeing shadows
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Ovdje ne vidite sjene
02:17
but little moving windows letting light through to your retina.
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već male kretajuće prozore koji puštaju svjetlost do mrežnice.
02:21
The windows are actually caused by white blood cells
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Prozore stvaraju bijela krvna zrnca
02:24
moving through the capillaries along your retina's surface.
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krečući se kroz kapilare na površini vaše mrežnice.
02:28
These leukocytes can be so large that they nearly fill a capillary
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Ovi leukociti mogu biti tako veliki da ispune kapilaru
02:32
causing a plasma space to open up in front of them.
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koja uzrokuje da se otvori plazma prostor ispred njih.
02:37
Because the space and the white blood cells
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Jer je prostor u bijelim krvnim zrncima
02:39
are both more transparent to blue light
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više proziran na plavom svijetlu
02:41
than the red blood cells normally present in capillaries,
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nego što su crvena krvna zrnca inače prisutna u kapilarama,
02:44
we see a moving dot of light wherever this happens,
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vidimo točku svjetlosti u pokretu kada god se to dogodi,
02:48
following the paths of your capillaries and moving in time with your pulse.
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slijedeći putanju vaših kapilara i krećući se u skladu s vašim pulsom.
02:52
Under ideal viewing conditions,
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Pod idealnim uvjetima promatranja,
02:54
you might even see what looks like a dark tail following the dot.
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možda ćete čak vidjeti i taman rep kako slijedi točku.
02:58
This is the red blood cells that have bunched up behind the leukocyte.
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Ovo su crvena krvna zrnca okupljena iza leukocita.
03:03
Some science museums have an exhibit which consists of a screen of blue light,
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Neki znanstveni muzeji imaju izložbe koje se sastoje od ekrana plave svjetlosti,
03:07
allowing you to see these blue sky sprites much more clearly than you normally would.
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dozvoljavajući vam da vidite ove vile plavog neba jasnije nego inače.
03:13
While everybody's eyes experience these sort of effects,
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Dok svačije oči iskuse ovakve efekte,
03:16
the number and type vary greatly.
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broj i vrsta jako variraju.
03:18
In the case of floaters,
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U slučaju plutača,
03:20
they often go unnoticed, as our brain learns to ignore them.
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često budu neprimjećene jer naš mozak nauči ignorirati ih.
Ali, abnormalno brojni
03:24
However, abnormally numerous
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03:26
or large floaters that interfere with vision
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ili veliki plutači koji ometaju vid
03:29
may be a sign of a more serious condition, requiring immediate medical treatment.
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možda su znak ozbiljnijeg stanja, koje traži liječenje.
03:34
But the majority of the time entoptic phenomena,
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Ali većinu vremena, ovi entoptički fenomeni,
03:37
such as floaters and blue sky sprites,
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kao plutači ili vile plavog neba,
03:40
are just a gentle reminder that what we think we see
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samo su nježni podsjetnik da ono što mislimo da vidimo
03:43
depends just as much on our biology and minds
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ovisi jednako o biologiji i našim umovima
03:46
as it does on the external world.
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kako ovisi i o vanjskom svijetu.
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