Zahra' Langhi: Why Libya's revolution didn't work -- and what might

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Jui-Hsin Chen 審譯者: Angelique Wang

I have never, ever forgotten the words of my grandmother

我從來沒有忘記過我祖母說過的話

who died in her exile:

流亡路上去世的祖母

"Son, resist Gaddafi. Fight him.

" 我的孩子阿，阻止格達費，反抗他。

But don't you ever turn

但是你千萬不要

into a Gaddafi-like revolutionary."

轉變成像格達費那樣的革命。"

Almost two years have passed

自從利比亞的革命爆發以來

since the Libyan Revolution broke out,

已經過了將近兩年的時間，

inspired by the waves of mass mobilization

受到突尼西亞和埃及

in both the Tunisian and the Egyptian revolutions.

大規模動員反抗的鼓舞

I joined forces with many other Libyans inside and outside Libya

我和許多利比亞人在境內和境外都參與了武裝反抗，

to call for a day of rage

這是為了響應“憤怒日”，

and to initiate a revolution against the tyrannical regime of Gaddafi.

並且引爆了反抗格達費暴君政權的革命。

And there it was, a great revolution.

而這無疑的是一場偉大的革命。

Young Libyan women and men were at the forefront

利比亞的年輕人，不論男女，全部都站在前線，

calling for the fall of the regime,

因為受到了推翻政府的感召，

raising slogans of freedom, dignity, social justice.

並對於自由、尊嚴、社會公平的口號日漸增強。

They have shown an exemplary bravery

他們在對抗像格達費這樣的獨裁政權時，

in confronting the brutal dictatorship of Gaddafi.

展現出來的勇氣是全世界的典範。

They have shown a great sense of solidarity

他們表現出無比的團結，

from the far east to the far west to the south.

從東至西再延伸到南邊。

Eventually, after a period of six months of brutal war

終於，在經歷了六個月的殘酷戰爭後，

and a toll rate of almost 50,000 dead,

其中的死亡人數將近五萬人，

we managed to liberate our country and to topple the tyrant.

我們現在想要做的是解放我們的國家並且擊垮暴君。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

However, Gaddafi left behind a heavy burden,

然而，格達費留下的卻是一堆爛攤子，

a legacy of tyranny, corruption and seeds of diversions.

暴政的傳承、國家的腐敗和分裂的種子。

For four decades Gaddafi's tyrannical regime

因為格達費連續四十年的暴政，

destroyed the infrastructure as well as the culture and the moral fabric of Libyan society.

摧毀了利比亞的基礎建設、文化、道德規範和社會結構。

Aware of the devastation and the challenges,

相較於其他的女人，我很敏銳的意識到這些破壞，

I was keen among many other women to rebuild the Libyan civil society,

和修復民間社會時將面臨的挑戰，

calling for an inclusive and just transition

因為這牽扯到了國家的全面性，

to democracy and national reconciliation.

和轉型到民主體制時全國的共識。

Almost 200 organizations were established in Benghazi

有將近兩百個組織

during and immediately after the fall of Gaddafi --

在格達費垮台後迅速地建立了起來。

almost 300 in Tripoli.

而在的黎波里則有將近三百個。

After a period of 33 years in exile, I went back to Libya,

在經歷了33年的流亡生涯後，我回到了利比亞，

and with unique enthusiasm,

並抱持著一種獨特的熱情，

I started organizing workshops

我開始組織起一個工作室，

on capacity building, on human development of leadership skills.

旨在教人蓋建築物、教人如何培養領導技能。

With an amazing group of women,

在一群了不起的女人的合作下，

I co-founded the Libyan Women's Platform for Peace,

我共同創辦了利比亞女人和平聯盟

a movement of women, leaders, from different walks of life,

一場能讓來自不同領域的女人、領導者參與的運動，

to lobby for the sociopolitical empowerment of women

目的是去遊說並讓社會政治賦予婦女權力，

and to lobby for our right

並且為了基本的權利去遊說，

for equal participation in building democracy and peace.

讓婦女們都能擁有建立民主和和平的平等參與權。

I met a very difficult environment in the pre-elections,

我在選舉前碰到了很艱難的狀況，

an environment which was increasingly polarized,

一個愈發極端著的狀況，

an environment which was shaped by the selfish politics of dominance and exclusion.

一個因為擁有權力且排他的自私政客而造成的狀況。

I led an initiative by the Libyan Women's Platform for Peace

我帶領著初期的利比亞女人和平聯盟，

to lobby for a more inclusive electoral law,

去遊說成立一個包容性較高的選舉法，

a law that would give every citizen, no matter what your background,

一個讓每一位市民，不管你的成長背景為何，

the right to vote and run,

都擁有投票和競選權力的法，

and most importantly to stipulate on political parties

最重要的是要去規範我們的政黨，

the alternation of male and female candidates

讓男性和女性能輪流地去參選，

vertically and horizontally in their lists,

不管是不同層級或同一階層的參選名單，

creating the zipper list.

都能夠有交叉式的名單出現。

Eventually, our initiative was adopted and successful.

終於，我們的初始目標被採納且成功了。

Women won 17.5 percent of the National Congress

女人在國會中贏得了17.5%席位

in the first elections ever in 52 years.

這是52年以來的第一次選舉。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

However, bit by bit, the euphoria of the elections,

不管如何，一步一步地，選戰後的喜悅，

and of the revolution as a whole,

以及整個革命的行動，

was fading out --

已經一去不復返。

for every day we were waking up to the news of violence.

每一天，我們在充滿暴力的新聞中醒來。

One day we wake up to the news

某一天我們起床看到的

of the desecration of ancient mosques and Sufi tombs.

是古清真寺和蘇菲古墓被褻瀆的新聞。

On another day we wake up to the news

在另一天我們起床看到的

of the murder of the American ambassador and the attack on the consulate.

是美國大使在領事館被殺的新聞。

On another day we wake up to the news

又在某一天，我們因為

of the assassination of army officers.

軍官被刺殺的新聞而醒來。

And every day, every day we wake up with the rule of the militias

接下來的每一天，每一天， 我們都在軍人的統治之下起來，

and their continuous violations of human rights of prisoners

伴隨著他們無止盡地違反對犯人的基本人權，

and their disrespect of the rule of law.

還有他們對法規的不尊重。

Our society, shaped by a revolutionary mindset,

我們的社會，被革命的意志塑造，

became more polarized

變得越來越極端，

and has driven away from the ideals and the principles --

並且與理想和信念背道而馳，

freedom, dignity, social justice --

自由、尊嚴、社會公平

that we first held.

這些我們最初的信念。

Intolerance, exclusion and revenge

不寬容、排他和復仇

became the icons of the [aftermath] of the revolution.

變成了革命後的標誌。

I am here today not at all to inspire you

我在這裡的目的並不是要激勵你們

with our success story of the zipper list and the elections.

因為我們曾經成功的達成了交叉選舉名單和選舉權。

I'm rather here today to confess

相反的，我今天來這裡的目的是要懺悔，

that we as a nation took the wrong choice, made the wrong decision.

我們這個國家做出了錯誤的選擇， 採納了不正確的決策。

We did not prioritize right.

我們沒有將權力的優先順序做排序。

For elections did not bring peace and stability and security in Libya.

因為選舉並沒有為利比亞 帶來和平、穩定和安全。

Did the zipper list and the alternation between female and male candidates

選舉名單的男女交叉和輪流

bring peace and national reconciliation?

有帶來和平和國家共識嗎?

No, it didn't.

不，它沒有。

What is it, then?

這到底是為什麼呢?

Why does our society continue to be polarized and dominated

為什麼我們的社會持續的極端化

with selfish politics of dominance and exclusion, by both men and women?

並且被有權且排他的自私政客統治? 而這些政客不分男女都有參與。

Maybe what was missing was not the women only,

也許我們失去的不僅僅是女人這個個體，

but the feminine values of compassion, mercy and inclusion.

而是普遍的女性價值，同情心、慈悲心和包容心。

Our society needs national dialogue and consensus-building

我們的社會需要做一個國內的溝通並且建立起共識

more than it needed the elections,

這比選舉本身還要重要，

which only reinforced polarization and division.

選舉僅僅造就了極端化和分裂。

Our society needs the qualitative representation of the feminine

我們的社會需要有本質上的女性代表，

more than it needs the numerical, quantitative representation of the feminine.

這比數值上的女性代表還來的需要。

We need to stop acting as agents of rage and calling for days of rage.

我們必須停止憤怒的行為和停止響應憤怒日。

We need to start acting as agents of compassion and mercy.

我們必須開始表現出同情心和慈悲心。

We need to develop a feminine discourse

我們必須發展出女性的論述

that not only honors but also implements

這不是只為了推崇而是為了落實，

mercy instead of revenge, collaboration instead of competition,

以慈悲取代憤怒，合作取代競爭，

inclusion instead of exclusion.

包容取代排外。

These are the ideals that a war-torn Libya

這些理想是飽受戰爭摧殘的利比亞，

needs desperately in order to achieve peace.

為了達到和平的目的而迫切需要的。

For peace has an alchemy,

和平有個化學方程式，

and this alchemy is about the intertwining, the alternation

這個化學方程式是由

between the feminine and masculine perspectives.

男性和女性的觀念交織和替換所組成的。

That's the real zipper.

也就是說，真正的男女交叉共識。

And we need to establish that existentially

而且我們必須在社會政治運作之前

before we do so sociopolitically.

建立起男女交叉共識的存在。

According to a Quranic verse

根據可蘭經的一段經文，

"Salam" -- peace -- "is the word of the all-merciful God, raheem."

“Salam” -- 和平 -- “是所有神的共通話語，raheem”

In turn, the word "raheem," which is known in all Abrahamic traditions,

接著，raheem 這個字，在 亞伯拉罕習俗中是非常常見的，

has the same root in Arabic as the word "rahem" -- womb --

和阿拉伯的字 "rahem" -- 子宮 -- 有著同樣的字根，

symbolizing the maternal feminine encompassing all humanity

代表著母性的意念環繞著人性，

from which the male and the female,

不管你是男是女，

from which all tribes, all peoples, have emanated from.

不管你是哪個部落來的，不管世界各地來的各個人種。

And so just as the womb entirely envelopes the embryo, which grows within it,

就像子宮包覆著在其中發育的胎兒一樣，

the divine matrix of compassion nourishes the entire existence.

神聖的子宮和藹的滋養所有的存在。

Thus we are told that "My mercy encompasses all things."

因此，我們被教誨著 ‘ 我的慈悲環繞著世間萬物。 ’

Thus we are told that "My mercy takes precedence over my anger."

因此，我們了解“我的慈悲超越了我的憤怒”

May we all be granted a grace of mercy.

願我們都能被賜與慈悲的恩惠

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝你們。

(Applause)

(掌聲)