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譯者: Melody Tang
審譯者: 杏儀 歐陽
00:12
We need to change the culture
in our jails and prisons,
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我們必須改變我們的
拘留所和監獄裡的文化,
00:17
especially for young inmates.
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尤其是年輕囚犯的監獄。
00:19
New York state is one
of only two in the U.S.
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美國僅有兩個州自動將16歲和17歲
的年輕人以成年人逮捕和審判,
00:21
that automatically arrests and tries
16- to 17-year-olds as adults.
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而紐約就是其中之一。
00:26
This culture of violence
takes these young people
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這個暴力的文化將這些年輕人
00:29
and puts them in a hostile environment,
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放入一個惡劣的環境裡,
00:31
and the correctional officers pretty much
allow any and everything to go on.
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而懲教人員幾乎允許任何事發生。
00:35
There's not really much
for these young people to do
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這些年輕人幾乎無法
00:38
to actually enhance their talent
and actually rehabilitate them.
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切實提升他們的才華
或真正改過自新。
00:43
Until we can raise the age
of criminal responsibility to 18,
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在我們能夠將刑事責任的年齡
提高到18歲以前,
00:46
we need to focus on changing
the daily lives of these young people.
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我們必須著力於改變
這些年輕人的日常生活。
00:50
I know firsthand.
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我是過來人。
00:52
Before I ever turned 18,
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在我18歲以前,
00:53
I spent approximately
400 days on Rikers Island,
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我在賴克斯島監獄
待了大約400天。
00:57
and to add to that
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此外
00:59
I spent almost 300 days
in solitary confinement,
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我大約300天被關禁閉。
01:02
and let me tell you this:
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我可以告訴你們:
01:05
Screaming at the top of your lungs
all day on your cell door
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在你的牢房門內整日盡全力尖叫,
01:08
or screaming at the top
of your lungs out the window,
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或者對著窗戶外大聲嘶喊,
01:11
it gets tiring.
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你只是累了自己。
01:13
Since there's not much for you to do
while you're in there,
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因為在那裡面你無事可做,
01:16
you start pacing
back and forth in your cell,
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你開始在牢房內來回走,
01:18
you start talking to yourself,
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你開始自言自語,
01:20
your thoughts start running wild,
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你的念頭開始變得瘋狂,
01:22
and then your thoughts
become your own worst enemy.
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接著你的念頭成為
你自己最大的敵人。
01:25
Jails are actually supposed
to rehabilitate a person,
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監獄本來應該是要改造一個人,
01:28
not cause him or her
to become more angry,
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而不是讓他或她變成更憤怒,
01:31
frustrated, and feel more hopeless.
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更挫折,和覺得沒有希望。
01:34
Since there's not a discharge plan
put in place for these young people,
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因為沒有為這些年輕人設計的
出獄計劃,
01:38
they pretty much
reenter society with nothing.
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他們基本上赤手空拳回到社會上。
01:43
And there's not really much for them to do
to keep them from recidivating.
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他們很快就重踏覆轍。
01:47
But it all starts with the C.O.s.
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這些是從矯正人員開始。
01:50
It's very easy for some people
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許多人很容易
01:52
to look at these correctional officers
as the good guys
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就認為矯正人員是好人,
01:55
and the inmates as the bad guys,
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而囚犯是壞人,
01:57
or vice versa for some,
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或者反過來。
01:59
but it's a little more than that.
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其實不是這麼簡單。
02:00
See, these C.O.s are normal,
everyday people.
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你知道,這些矯正人員
也是一般的普通人。
02:03
They come from the same neighborhoods
as the population they "serve."
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他們與他們「服務」的那些人
是同一地方出身的。
02:09
They're just normal people.
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他們就是一般的普通人。
02:11
They're not robots, and there's
nothing special about them.
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他們不是機器人,
也沒有特殊的地方。
02:15
They do pretty much everything
anybody else in society does.
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他們做的事和社會其他人一樣。
02:19
The male C.O.s want to talk
and flirt with the female C.O.s.
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男性矯正人員喜歡
與女性矯正人員說話和調情。
02:22
They play the little high school
kid games with each other.
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他們彼此玩和高中生一樣的遊戲。
02:25
They politic with one another.
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他們彼此勾心鬥角。
02:27
And the female C.O.s gossip to each other.
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而女性矯正人員彼此嚼舌根。
02:31
So I spent numerous amounts of time
with numerous amounts of C.O.s,
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我曾與許多的矯正人員
相處了許多時間。
02:37
and let me tell you about
this one in particular named Monroe.
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我來談談很特別的一位,
名字是曼若。
02:40
One day he pulled me
in between the A and B doors
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有一天,他把我拉到A門和B門之間
02:43
which separate the north
and south sides of our housing unit.
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那是南北兩個住在單位的分界處。
02:46
He pulled me there because I had
a physical altercation
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他拉我去那裡因為
02:49
with another young man in my housing unit,
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我和另一個和我同住宅單位
的另一個年輕人打架。
02:51
and he felt, since there was
a female officer working on the floor,
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他覺得,因為那裡
有一位女性矯正人員,
02:54
that I violated his shift.
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我侵犯了他的值班。
02:57
So he punched me in my chest.
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他打了我的胸口。
02:59
He kind of knocked the wind out of me.
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我被他打得七暈八素。
03:01
I wasn't impulsive,
I didn't react right away,
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我沒有衝動,
我沒有馬上反應
03:04
because I know this is their house.
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因為我知道這是他們的地方。
03:06
I have no wins.
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我絕對無法贏。
03:08
All he has to do is pull his pin
and backup will come immediately.
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只要他拉他的傳呼機
其他警衛就馬上會過來。
03:15
So I just gave him a look in his eyes
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所以我只是瞪著他
03:17
and I guess he saw the anger
and frustration just burning,
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我猜他看到我的憤怒和挫折在燃燒,
03:20
and he said to me,
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他就說,
03:22
"Your eyes are going to get you
in a lot of trouble,
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「你的眼神會讓你吃大虧,
03:25
because you're looking
like you want to fight."
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因為你看起來想要打架。」
03:27
So he commenced
to taking off his utility belt,
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他開始解開他的制服腰帶,
03:30
he took off his shirt and his badge,
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他脫下他的襯衫和徽章,
03:32
and he said, "We could fight."
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然後他說,「我們來打吧!」
03:34
So I asked him, "You gonna hold it down?"
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我就問他,「你會壓著嗎?」
03:37
Now, that's a term that's
commonly used on Rikers Island
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那是我們在賴克斯島監獄
常用的說法,
03:40
meaning that you're not
going to say anything to anybody,
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意思是這件事你不會告訴任何人,
03:42
and you're not going to report it.
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你也不會打報告。
03:44
He said, "Yeah, I'm gonna hold it down.
You gonna hold it down?"
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他說,「對,我會壓著。
那你也會壓著嗎?」
03:48
I didn't even respond.
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我沒回答。
03:50
I just punched him right in his face,
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我就揮拳打了他的臉,
03:52
and we began fighting
right then and there.
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我們就開始在那裡打了一架。
03:55
Towards the end of the fight,
he slammed me up against the wall,
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快結束時,他將我按向牆壁,
03:59
so while we were tussled up,
he said to me, "You good?"
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我們仍在扭打時,
他問我,「你還好吧?」
04:02
as if he got the best of me,
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好像他認為他贏了。
04:04
but in my mind, I know
I got the best of him,
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但我心裡知道我贏了他,
04:07
so I replied very cocky,
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我就很臭屁地回答,
04:09
"Oh, I'm good, you good?"
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「喔,我還好,你呢?」
04:11
He said, "Yeah, I'm good,
I'm good."
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他說,「是啊,我還好,我還好。」
04:13
We let go, he shook my hand,
said he gave me my respect,
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我們放開彼此,
他握我的手,說他尊敬我,
04:17
gave me a cigarette and sent me on my way.
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給我一支香菸,讓我走。
04:21
Believe it or not, you come across
some C.O.s on Rikers Island
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你相信嗎?在賴克斯島監獄,
你會碰到一些矯正人員
04:25
that'll fight you one-on-one.
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要和你一對一對打。
04:28
They feel that they understand how it is,
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他們覺得他們了解你的感受。
04:30
and they feel that I'm going
to meet you where you're at.
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他們覺得我要為你設身處地。
04:33
Since this is how you commonly
handle your disputes,
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因為你們通常就是這樣處理糾紛,
04:35
we can handle it in that manner.
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我們也可以這樣解決。
04:37
I walk away from it like a man,
you walk away from it like a man,
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我展現了男子大丈夫的氣魄,
你也展現了男子大丈夫的氣魄。
04:40
and that's it.
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就是如此。
04:42
Some C.O.s feel that
they're jailing with you.
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一些矯正人員覺得他們和我們坐牢。
04:44
This is why they have that mentality
and that attitude
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所以他們才有那樣的心理和態度,
04:47
and they go by that concept.
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也以那樣的理念做事。
04:49
In some instances, we're in it
together with the C.O.s.
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有一些情況下,
我們與矯正人員同甘共苦。
04:52
However, institutions need to give
these correctional officers
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然而,有關機關應該對這些矯正人員
04:55
proper trainings on how to properly deal
with the adolescent population,
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給予如何正確處理青少年的訓練,
04:58
and they also need
to give them proper trainings
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以及給予他們
05:01
on how to deal with
the mental health population as well.
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如何處理心理健康的正確訓練。
05:04
These C.O.s play a big factor
in these young people's lives
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這些矯正人員對這些年輕人的生命,
05:08
for x amount of time until a disposition
is reached on their case.
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在他們的案子尚未得到懲處的決定前
的那段時間起很大的作用。
05:11
So why not try to mentor
these young people while they're there?
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所以我們為什麼不對這些年輕人
在那段時間好好輔導?
05:16
Why not try to give them some type
of insight to make a change,
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何不給他們一些得以創造改變的想法,
05:20
so once they reenter back into society,
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使他們在重回社會時
05:23
they're doing something positive?
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可以做出正面的行為?
05:28
A second big thing to help our teens
in jails is better programming.
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另一件可以在監獄幫助我們少年人的是
比較好的方案。
05:33
When I was on Rikers Island,
the huge thing was solitary confinement.
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當我在賴克斯島監獄的時候,
最大的懲罰是關禁閉。
05:37
Solitary confinement
was originally designed
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單獨禁閉本來是為了
05:40
to break a person mentally,
physically and emotionally.
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降伏一個人的身、心以及情緒而設計。
05:44
That's what it was designed for.
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為了那樣的目的而設計。
05:47
The U.S. Attorney General
recently released a report
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美國總檢察長最近發佈一個報告
05:50
stating that they're going
to ban solitary confinement
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說明他們在紐約州將要禁止
對於青年人單獨監禁。
05:52
in New York state for teens.
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說明他們在紐約州將要禁止
對於青年人單獨監禁。
05:55
One thing that kept me sane while I
was in solitary confinement was reading.
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當我在被關禁閉時
唯一讓我維持理智的是閱讀。
05:59
I tried to educate myself
as much as possible.
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我嘗試儘可能地教育我自己。
06:02
I read any and everything
I could get my hands on.
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我閱讀我能夠拿到任何書。
06:05
And aside from that,
I wrote music and short stories.
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除此以外,我也寫歌和短篇小說。
06:09
Some programs that I feel
would benefit our young people
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我認為可以幫助我們的年輕人的是
06:14
are art therapy programs
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提供一些有關藝術治療的方案
06:17
for the kids that like to draw
and have that talent,
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給那些喜歡畫畫也有天分的孩子們。
06:20
and what about the young individuals
that are musically inclined?
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對於那些對音樂有興趣的孩子們呢?
06:24
How about a music program for them
that actually teaches them
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何不提供他們一些
學習寫歌和創作音樂的方案呢?
06:27
how to write and make music?
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06:29
Just a thought.
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那是我的想法。
06:30
When adolescents come to Rikers Island,
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當青少年來到賴克斯島監獄,
06:33
C74, RNDC is the building
that they're housed in.
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他們被安排在C74, RNDC 那棟建築物。
06:37
That's nicknamed "gladiator school,"
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那裡被暱稱為「角鬥士學校」。
06:40
because you have a young individual
coming in from the street
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因為一個青少年
從他們所混的街道來到這裡,
06:43
thinking that they're tough,
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認為自己很厲害。
06:45
being surrounded by a bunch
of other young individuals
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但是他的周圍的其他年輕人
06:48
from all of the five boroughs,
and everybody feels that they're tough.
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也是從各行各業來的,
每個人都認為自己很厲害。
06:52
So now you have a bunch of young gentlemen
poking their chests out
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這些年輕人各不相讓
06:56
feeling that I have to prove
I'm equally as tough as you
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覺得我必須證明我和你們一樣厲害,
06:59
or I'm tougher than you, you and you.
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或者我比你、你和你更厲害。
07:02
But let's be honest:
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我們彼此坦誠:
07:03
That culture is very dangerous
and damaging to our young people.
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那個文化對我們的年輕人
非常危險且具傷害性。
07:08
We need to help institutions
and these teens realize
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我們必須幫助機構和這些青年了解
07:11
that they don't have to lead
the previous lifestyle that they led
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他們不要再重複以前
在街道混的生活方式。
07:14
when they were on the street,
that they can actually make a change.
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他們是可以改變的。
07:18
It's sad to report
that while I was in prison,
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當我在監獄時,非常悲哀的是
07:21
I used to hear dudes talking about
when they get released from prison,
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我經常聽到混混討論
他們從監獄出去後,
07:25
what type of crimes
they're going to commit
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他們回到所混的街道時
07:29
when they get back in the street.
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要做的罪行。
07:31
The conversations used to sound
something like this:
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那些對話大都像這樣:
07:35
"Oh, when I hit the street,
my brother got this connection
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「哦,當我出去後,
我兄弟有這樣或
07:38
for this, that and the third,"
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那樣的關係。」
07:39
or, "My man over here
got this connection for the low price.
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或者,「我那裡的人有關係
可以拿到很低的價格。
07:42
Let's exchange information,"
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我們互相交流訊息吧。」
07:44
and, "When we hit the town,
we're going to do it real big."
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或者,「當我們出去時,
我們要好好幹一票。」
07:46
I used to hear these conversations
and think to myself, "Wow,
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我那時聽到這些對話時,
我心想,「哇,
07:49
these dudes are really talking about
going back in the street
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這些人真的在討論他們出去時
07:52
and committing future crimes."
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要犯的罪。」
07:54
So I came up with a name for that:
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我就為他們取了一個名字:
07:55
I called it a go-back-to-jail-quick scheme
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我稱之為「快速回監牢的計畫」。
07:58
because really, how long
is that going to last?
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因為,老實說,
他們可以逍遙法外多久?
08:02
You get a retirement plan with that?
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那是一個退休計畫嗎?
08:04
Nice little pension? 401(k)? 403(b)?
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其中有退休金嗎?
例如401(k)或403(b)嗎?
08:08
You get health insurance? Dental?
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你會有健康和牙齒保險嗎?
08:11
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:13
But I will tell you this:
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但是我告訴你們:
08:15
Being in jail and being in prison,
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在拘留所或在監獄裡,
08:17
I came across some of the most
intelligent, brilliant,
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我曾遇見一些我所認識的人
當中最聰明、才華橫溢,
08:20
and talented people
that I would ever meet.
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以及很有天分的人。
08:23
I've seen individuals
take a potato chip bag
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我看過一些人將一個馬鈴薯片的袋子
08:25
and turn it into the most
beautiful picture frame.
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做成一個非常美麗的鏡框。
08:28
I've seen individuals take
the state soap that's provided for free
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我看過另一些人將免費提供的肥皂
08:31
and turn them into
the most beautiful sculptures
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雕成非常優美的雕刻品。
08:33
that would make Michelangelo
look like a kindergartner made it.
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相比之下,米開蘭基羅的作品看起來
像是幼稚園兒童的作品。
08:38
At the age of 21, I was in
a maximum-security prison
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在我21歲時,我被關在
一所戒備最森嚴的監獄。
08:41
called Elmira Correctional Facility.
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那個監獄叫做埃爾邁拉懲教監獄。
08:43
I just came out of the weight shack
from working out,
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有一次,我剛從運動中心
做完舉重出來,
08:45
and I saw an older gentleman that I knew
standing in the middle of the yard
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我看到一位認識的老先生
站在庭院中間
08:49
just looking up at the sky.
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向上望著天空。
08:50
Mind you, this older gentlemen was serving
a 33-and-a-third-to-life sentence
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你要知道,這位老先生正在
服33又3分之一年到無期徒刑。
08:54
in which he already had served
20 years of that sentence.
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那時他已經服了20年的刑期。
08:58
So I walk up to him and I said,
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我走向他,我說,
08:59
"O.G., what's going on, man, you good?"
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「O.G., 有什麼事嗎,你還好吧?」
09:01
He looked at me, and he said,
"Yeah, I'm good, young blood."
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他看著我,然後會說,
「是啊,我很好,年輕人。」
09:04
I'm like, "So what are you looking
up at the sky for, man?
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我說,「老兄。你在看天空什麼呢?
09:07
What's so fascinating up there?"
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上面有什麼迷人的東西嗎?」
09:09
He said, "You look up
and you tell me what you see."
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他說,「你自己看看,
再告訴我你看到什麼。」
09:13
"Clouds." (Laughter)
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「有雲。」(笑聲)
09:16
He said, "All right.
What else do you see?"
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他說,「好。還有呢?」
09:19
At that time, it was a plane passing by.
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那時,有一架飛機飛過。
09:22
I said, "All right, I see an airplane."
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我說,「好啊!我看到一架飛機。」
09:24
He said, "Exactly, and what's
on that airplane?" "People."
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他說,「對,飛機有什麼?」
(我說)「有人」
09:28
"Exactly. Now where's that plane
and those people going?"
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(他說)「沒錯。那架飛機和那些人
要去那裡?」
09:32
"I don't know. You know?
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(我說)「我不知道。你知道嗎?
09:33
Please let me know if you do.
Then let me get some lottery numbers."
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如果你知道,請告訴我。
然後請你也給我樂透的號碼。」
09:38
He said, "You're missing
the big picture, young blood.
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他說,「年輕人,你不知道重點。
09:41
That plane with those people
is going somewhere,
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那架飛機和那些人正要去某個地方,
09:43
while we're here stuck.
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而我們卡住在這裡。
09:46
The big picture is this:
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重點是:
09:48
That plane with those people
going somewhere,
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那架飛機和那些人要去某個地方,
09:50
that's life passing us by
while we behind these walls, stuck."
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那就是我們卡在監獄裡所錯過的生命。」
09:58
Ever since that day,
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從那天開始,
10:00
that sparked something in my mind
and made me know I had to make a change.
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那天引發了我的心中某處,
我知道我必須改變。
10:04
Growing up, I was always
a good, smart kid.
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在成長過程中,我一直是
一個聰明的好孩子。
10:07
Some people would say
I was a little too smart for my own good.
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有些人會說我聰明過頭了。
10:12
I had dreams of becoming
an architect or an archaeologist.
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我夢想成為建築師或考古學家。
10:18
Currently, I'm working
at the Fortune Society,
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現在,我在幸運協會任職,
10:20
which is a reentry program,
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那是一個協助服刑者
重新回到社會的計畫。
10:22
and I work with people as a case manager
that are at high risk for recidivism.
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我是幫助有高機率成為累犯的
專案經理。
10:26
So I connect them
with the services that they need
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我在他們出獄時,
幫他們聯繫他們所需的服務
10:29
once they're released from jail and prison
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我在他們出獄時,
幫他們聯繫他們所需的服務
10:31
so they can make a positive transition
back into society.
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以使他們能順利的重新融入社會。
10:34
If I was to see my 15-year-old self today,
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如果我今天看著15歲時候的我,
10:37
I would sit down and talk to him
and try to educate him
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我會坐下來,嘗試開導和教育他。
10:40
and I would let him know,
"Listen, this is me. I'm you.
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我會讓他知道,
「聽著,這是我,我就是你。
10:44
This is us. We are one.
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這是我們。我們是一體的。」
10:46
Everything that you're about to do,
I know what you're gonna do
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你將要做的任何事,
我在你要做之前就知道。
10:49
before you do it because I already did it,
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因為我以前曾經做過,
10:52
and I would encourage him
not to hang out with x, y and z people.
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我會勸他不要和那幾個人在一起。
10:55
I would tell him not to be
in such-and-such place.
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我會告訴他不要去那些地方。
10:58
I would tell him,
keep your behind in school, man,
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我會勸他務必要上學,
11:00
because that's where you need to be,
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因為那是你應該做的,
11:02
because that's what's going
to get you somewhere in life.
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因為那才能讓你未來生命有發展。
11:05
This is the message
that we should be sharing
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這就是我們應該要與
我們年輕的男生和女生分享的訊息。
11:07
with our young men and young women.
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這就是我們應該要與
我們年輕的男生和女生分享的訊息。
11:09
We shouldn't be treating them as adults
and putting them in cultures of violence
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我們不應將他們視為成年人
放他們在暴力的文化裡。
11:13
that are nearly impossible
for them to escape.
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否則他們幾乎永遠無法逃離。
11:16
Thank you.
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謝謝!
11:18
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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