Mike deGruy: Hooked by an octopus

73,557 views ・ 2010-04-15

TED


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翻译人员: Jamie Cheng 校对人员: Zhu Jie
00:15
I first became fascinated with octopus at an early age.
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我第一次着迷于章鱼是在我童年的时候。
00:18
I grew up in Mobile, Alabama --
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我在阿拉巴马州的莫比尔县长大。
00:20
somebody's got to be from Mobile, right? --
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我想在座的各位中也有人去过那里,是吗?
00:22
and Mobile sits at the confluence of five rivers,
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莫比尔县位于五条河流的交汇处,
00:25
forming this beautiful delta.
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这就形成了这个美丽的三角洲。
00:27
And the delta has alligators crawling
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短吻鳄在这个三角洲里
00:29
in and out of rivers filled with fish
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鱼儿丰富的河流中游荡
00:31
and cypress trees dripping with snakes,
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蛇从柏树的枝头垂下,
00:33
birds of every flavor.
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各种各样的鸟儿在枝头歌唱。
00:35
It's an absolute magical wonderland to live in --
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这里绝对是一个充满魔力的仙境
00:38
if you're a kid interested in animals, to grow up in.
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如果你是一个喜爱野生动物的孩子的话。
00:41
And this delta water flows to Mobile Bay, and finally into the Gulf of Mexico.
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这个三角洲的水流进莫比尔湾,最终汇入墨西哥湾。
00:45
And I remember my first real contact with octopus
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我记得当我第一次接触章鱼
00:48
was probably at age five or six.
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大约是在我五,六岁的时候。
00:50
I was in the gulf, and I was swimming around and saw a little octopus on the bottom.
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那时我正在海湾里游泳,看海底发现了一只小章鱼。
00:53
And I reached down and picked him up, and immediately
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我于是潜到海底捉住了它,刹那间
00:56
became fascinated and impressed by its speed and its strength and agility.
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我就被它的速度,力量以及敏捷性所迷住了。
00:59
It was prying my fingers apart and moving to the back of my hand.
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它在我的指尖小心窥探,还爬到了我的手背上。
01:03
It was all I could do to hold onto this amazing creature.
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当时我完全被这个神奇的生物所镇住了。
01:05
Then it sort of calmed down in the palms of my hands
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接着,它在我的掌心稍稍放松了一些
01:08
and started flashing colors,
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开始闪烁出不同的颜色,
01:10
just pulsing all of these colors.
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就像是自身会发光一样,
01:12
And as I looked at it, it kind of tucked its arms under it,
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当我注视着它的时候,它将触角收缩到身体下面,
01:15
raised into a spherical shape
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整个身体形成一个球形,
01:17
and turned chocolate brown with two white stripes.
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呈巧克力色,上面还有两条白色的花纹。
01:20
I'm going, "My gosh!" I had never seen anything like this in my life!
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我在心里想:“天哪!”,我还从未见过如此有意思的东西!
01:23
So I marveled for a moment, and then decided it was time to release him,
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惊叹之余,我决定是时候将其放生了,
01:26
so I put him down.
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于是我将它放回水中。
01:28
The octopus left my hands and then did the damnedest thing:
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这只章鱼离开了我的手掌,做出了一件最令人惊叹的事情。
01:32
It landed on the bottom in the rubble
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它停在碎石之上
01:35
and -- fwoosh! -- vanished
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然后--“呼”的一声--消失了!
01:37
right before my eyes.
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就在我的眼前。
01:38
And I knew, right then, at age six,
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在那一刻,六岁的我意识到
01:40
that is an animal that I want to learn more about. So I did.
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那就是我想要了解更多的生物。我也确实那样做了。
01:43
And I went off to college and got a degree in marine zoology,
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我后来进了大学,取得了一个海洋生物学的学位,
01:46
and then moved to Hawaii and entered graduate school
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来到夏威夷继续攻读研究生学位
01:48
at the University of Hawaii.
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在夏威夷大学。
01:50
And while a student at Hawaii, I worked at the Waikiki Aquarium.
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作为一名学生,我同时在夏威夷的威基寄水族馆里兼职。
01:53
And the aquarium had a lot of big fish tanks
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这个水族馆里面有许多巨大的水族箱,
01:55
but not a lot of invertebrate displays,
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但是所展示的无脊椎动物并不多,
01:57
and being the spineless guy, I thought, well
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所以作为一名无脊椎动物的粉丝,我想,
02:00
I'll just go out in the field and collect these wonderful animals
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我应该自己出去收集这些神奇的生物
02:03
I had been learning about as a student
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它们是我在学生时期长期研究的东西
02:06
and bring them in, and I built these elaborate sets and put them on display.
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并且把它们带到这里,透过这些精美的水族箱展现给大家。
02:09
Now, the fish in the tanks were gorgeous to look at,
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虽然目前那些水族箱里面的鱼儿们看上去美极了,
02:13
but they didn't really interact with people.
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但是它们与我们人类并没有真正的交流。
02:16
But the octopus did.
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但是章鱼就有。
02:18
If you walked up to an octopus tank,
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如果你走向一个养着章鱼的水族箱,
02:20
especially early in the morning before anyone arrived,
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特别是在还没有人来的清晨,
02:22
the octopus would rise up and look at you
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章鱼就会浮起来看着你
02:24
and you're thinking, "Is that guy really looking at me? He is looking at me!"
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你会猜测,“它真的是在看我吗?原来它确实是在盯着我!”
02:27
And you walk up to the front of the tank. Then you realize
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当你走到水族箱前面,你就会发现
02:29
that these animals all have different personalities:
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这些章鱼们的性格各不相同。
02:33
Some of them would hold their ground,
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其中的一些喜欢守着自己的地盘,
02:35
others would slink into the back of the tank and disappear in the rocks,
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其他的一些会潜到水族箱的背面,隐藏在岩石之中。
02:39
and one in particular, this amazing animal ...
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其中有一只最为特别,
02:41
I went up to the front of the tank, and he's just staring at me,
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当我走到水族箱前面的时候,他正在凝视着我。
02:44
and he had little horns come up above his eyes.
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章鱼的眼睛结构特殊,
02:46
So I went right up to the front of the tank --
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所以当我出现在水族箱前面的时候,
02:48
I was three or four inches from the front glass --
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在它看来我离它只有三到四英寸远。
02:50
and the octopus was sitting on a perch, a little rock,
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这只章鱼当时正栖息在一块小岩石上,
02:53
and he came off the rock and he also came down right to the front of the glass.
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它滑下岩石并且游到水族箱的玻璃前面
02:57
So I was staring at this animal about six or seven inches away,
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所以我得以在离它六到七英寸的地方近距离观察这只动物,
03:00
and at that time I could actually focus that close;
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那时我离它是如此的近,
03:03
now as I look at my fuzzy fingers I realize those days are long gone.
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直到今天,当我注视自己手掌的时候,我还能够回忆起当时的情景。
03:07
Anyway, there we were, staring at each other,
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当时我们相互凝视着对方,
03:09
and he reaches down and grabs an armful of gravel
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它沉到池底捧起一捧碎石
03:12
and releases it in the jet of water entering the tank
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把它们撒到水族箱的出水口处
03:15
from the filtration system,
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这个出水口通向水族箱的过滤系统,
03:17
and -- chk chk chk chk chk! -- this gravel hits the front of the glass and falls down.
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碎石被弹起,撞上前面的玻璃并滑落下来,发出“哧,哧,哧”的声音。
03:20
He reaches up, takes another armful of gravel, releases it --
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接着它又抬起身,捧起另一捧碎石,把它们撒了下去...
03:23
chk chk chk chk chk! -- same thing.
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同样又发出了“哧,哧,哧”的声音。
03:26
Then he lifts another arm and I lift an arm.
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然后它抬起一只触须,于是我也抬起一只臂膀。
03:29
Then he lifts another arm and I lift another arm.
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接着它又抬起另一只,我也抬起了另一只胳膊。
03:32
And then I realize the octopus won the arms race,
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我忽然意识到在这样一场比赛中我永远不是章鱼的对手,
03:35
because I was out and he had six left. (Laughter)
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因为我一共只有两只胳膊,而它还剩下六只呢。
03:38
But the only way I can describe what I was seeing that day
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但是我想通过这件事告诉你们的就是
03:42
was that this octopus was playing,
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这只章鱼当时正在玩耍,
03:45
which is a pretty sophisticated behavior for a mere invertebrate.
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这对于无脊椎动物而言是一种相当复杂的行为。
03:49
So, about three years into my degree,
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受此启发,在我攻读学位的三年期间,
03:51
a funny thing happened on the way to the office,
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一件有趣的事情发生了,
03:54
which actually changed the course of my life.
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它大大的改变了我的人生轨迹。
03:56
A man came into the aquarium. It's a long story, but essentially
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水族馆里来了一位客人。
03:59
he sent me and a couple of friends of mine to the South Pacific
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他让我和我的几个朋友们去南太平洋,
04:02
to collect animals for him,
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为他收集一些动物,
04:04
and as we left, he gave us two 16-millimeter movie cameras.
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当我们准备动身的时候,他交给我们两台16毫米镜头的摄像机。
04:07
He said, "Make a movie about this expedition."
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他说:“把这次的探险拍摄成电影吧。”
04:10
"OK, a couple of biologists making a movie --
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那好吧,几个生物学家来拍摄一部电影--
04:13
this'll be interesting,"
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这一定会非常有趣的。
04:14
and off we went. And we did, we made a movie,
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之后我们也确实这样做了,我们拍摄了一部电影,
04:16
which had to be the worst movie ever made
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虽然它也许算得上是一部最差的电影了
04:18
in the history of movie making,
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在电影史上。
04:20
but it was a blast. I had so much fun.
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但是对我而言却非常的震撼,我觉得这太有趣了。
04:22
And I remember that proverbial light going off in my head,
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我记得当时脑海中灵光一闪,
04:24
thinking, "Wait a minute.
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我想:“等一下,
04:26
Maybe I can do this all the time.
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也许我可以永远从事这个职业。
04:28
Yeah, I'll be a filmmaker."
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对,我想要成为一名摄影师。”
04:30
So I literally came back from that job,
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所以我在完成这次的探险之后,
04:32
quit school, hung my filmmaking shingle
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就离开了学校,干起了摄影师这一行
04:34
and just never told anyone that I didn't know what I was doing.
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我从来没有告诉过别人其实当时连我自己都不知道我在做什么。
04:37
It's been a good ride.
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这是一段美好的经历。
04:39
And what I learned in school though was really beneficial.
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当然,我在学校里所学习的东西真的让我受益匪浅。
04:41
If you're a wildlife filmmaker
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作为一名野生动物摄影师
04:43
and you're going out into the field to film animals,
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你需要去野外拍摄野生动物,
04:45
especially behavior,
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特别是它们的生活习性,
04:47
it helps to have a fundamental background
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学校里学习的知识给我打下了基础
04:49
on who these animals are,
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涉及到如何辨别动物的种类,
04:51
how they work and, you know, a bit about their behaviors.
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以及它们的一些生活习性。
04:54
But where I really learned about octopus
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但是我开始真正了解章鱼
04:56
was in the field, as a filmmaker
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是在成为一名摄影师之后,
04:58
making films with them,
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当你拍摄它们的时候,
05:00
where you're allowed to spend large periods of time
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你需要花费大量的时间
05:03
with the animals, seeing octopus being octopus
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与它们呆在一起,仔细的观察它们
05:06
in their ocean homes.
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在它们的世界里。
05:08
I remember I took a trip to Australia,
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我记得我有一次去澳大利亚,
05:10
went to an island called One Tree Island.
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到了一个被称为一树岛的岛屿。
05:13
And apparently, evolution had occurred
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其实,
05:15
at a pretty rapid rate on One Tree,
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这个岛屿上生物的进化速度还是相当快的,
05:17
between the time they named it and the time I arrived,
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如果按照它的名字来推断的话,
05:20
because I'm sure there were at least three trees
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因为我可以肯定岛上至少有三棵树
05:22
on that island when we were there.
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当我们到达那里的时候。
05:24
Anyway, one tree is situated right next to
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一树岛坐落于
05:26
a beautiful coral reef.
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一块美丽的珊瑚礁附近。
05:28
In fact, there's a surge channel
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事实上那里有一条汹涌的海峡
05:30
where the tide is moving back and forth, twice a day, pretty rapidly.
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一天涨潮两次,相当的频繁,
05:33
And there's a beautiful reef,
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那里有美丽的珊瑚礁
05:34
very complex reef, with lots of animals,
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结构复杂,是许多动物的栖息之地,
05:37
including a lot of octopus.
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包括许多的章鱼。
05:39
And not uniquely
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并且,
05:41
but certainly, the octopus in Australia
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澳大利亚的章鱼种类虽然不独特,
05:43
are masters at camouflage.
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但是它们无疑是伪装高手。
05:45
As a matter of fact,
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事实上,
05:47
there's one right there.
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那里就有一只。
05:49
So our first challenge was to find these things,
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所以我们的第一个任务就是去找到它们,
05:51
and that was a challenge, indeed.
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这确实是一个挑战。
05:53
But the idea is, we were there for a month
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我们的想法是:我们才刚刚到这里一个月的时间,
05:55
and I wanted to acclimate the animals to us
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我希望让这些动物适应我们的存在。
05:57
so that we could see behaviors without disturbing them.
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这样我们就可以在不打扰它们的前提下观察到它们的行为。
06:00
So the first week was pretty much spent
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所以我们第一个星期花费了比较多的时间
06:02
just getting as close as we could,
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去尽可能的接近它们,
06:04
every day a little closer, a little closer, a little closer.
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每天一点点,一点点,一点点,
06:06
And you knew what the limit was: they would start getting twitchy
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这样你就可以知道它们会觉得紧张的边界在哪里,
06:08
and you'd back up, come back in a few hours.
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这时你就得退回来,呆上几个小时,
06:11
And after the first week, they ignored us.
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第一个星期之后,它们就已经无视我们的存在了。
06:14
It was like, "I don't know what that thing is, but he's no threat to me."
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它们可能会想:“我虽然搞不清那些是什么东西,但是它们不会伤害到我。”
06:16
So they went on about their business
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所以章鱼们就开始做自己的事情了。
06:18
and from a foot away, we're watching mating
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我们得以近距离的观察它们交配
06:20
and courting and fighting
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求偶和搏斗
06:22
and it is just an unbelievable experience.
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这是一次令人难以置信的经历。
06:25
And one of the most fantastic displays
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我记得其中一个最神奇的景象
06:27
that I remember, or at least visually,
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至少是可见的景象,
06:29
was a foraging behavior.
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是它们的觅食行为。
06:31
And they had a lot of different techniques
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它们利用各种不同的技巧
06:33
that they would use for foraging,
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来帮助它们觅食。
06:35
but this particular one used vision.
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特别是它们敏锐的视力。
06:37
And they would see a coral head,
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它们注意到一块珊瑚礁
06:39
maybe 10 feet away,
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差不多有十英尺远
06:41
and start moving over toward that coral head.
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并且开始向那里移动。
06:44
And I don't know whether they actually saw crab in it, or imagined that one might be,
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我不知道它们是否看到了一只藏匿其中的螃蟹,或者是猜测到其中可能有一只,
06:48
but whatever the case, they would leap off the bottom
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但是无论如何,它们会浮起来
06:51
and go through the water and land right on top of this coral head,
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顺着水流稳稳地停在那块珊瑚礁上面,
06:54
and then the web between the arms
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接着触须之间的网状物
06:56
would completely engulf the coral head,
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会完全包裹住这块珊瑚礁,
06:58
and they would fish out, swim for crabs.
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然后摸索出里面的螃蟹。
07:00
And as soon as the crabs touched the arm, it was lights out.
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只要螃蟹一旦碰到这些触须,它就难逃一死了。
07:03
And I always wondered what happened under that web.
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我一直想知道在那张网的里面究竟发生了什么。
07:05
So we created a way to find out, (Laughter)
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所以我们想出了一种方法来查明真相。
07:08
and I got my first look at that famous beak in action.
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这是我第一次观察到它们利用那著名的钩型嘴捕食的样子。
07:11
It was fantastic.
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实在是太神奇了。
07:13
If you're going to make a lot of films about a particular group of animals,
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如果你想要拍摄一系列关于不同动物的纪录片,
07:16
you might as well pick one that's fairly common.
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你可能也需要首先选择一种相当常见的动物。
07:18
And octopus are, they live in all the oceans.
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章鱼就是一种:它们的分布面积广,
07:20
They also live deep.
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并且居住在深水区。
07:22
And I can't say octopus are responsible
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我虽然不想承认
07:24
for my really strong interest
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观察章鱼是我渴望
07:26
in getting in subs and going deep,
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潜入大海的原因,
07:28
but whatever the case, I like that.
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但是无论如何,我喜欢潜水。
07:30
It's like nothing you've ever done.
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这就像开始了一段全新的旅程。
07:32
If you ever really want to get away from it all
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如果你愿意抛开一切
07:34
and see something that you have never seen,
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去见识一些你从未见识过的东西,
07:36
and have an excellent chance of seeing something
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得到一次绝好的机会去认识
07:38
no one has ever seen, get in a sub.
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一些从未被人认识过的东西,那就去潜水吧。
07:41
You climb in, seal the hatch, turn on a little oxygen,
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你穿上潜水服,把自己密封起来,打开一点点氧气,
07:43
turn on the scrubber,
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打开过滤器,
07:45
which removes the CO2 in the air you breathe, and they chuck you overboard.
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它可以清除掉你呼出的二氧化碳,为你带来保护。
07:48
Down you go. There's no connection to the surface
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潜下去吧,那是一个和地面没有关联的世界
07:50
apart from a pretty funky radio.
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除了相当特别的无线电信号。
07:52
And as you go down, the washing machine
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当你潜入大海的时候,
07:54
at the surface calms down.
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水面上的清洗装置安静下来了。
07:56
And it gets quiet.
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四周非常的宁静。
07:58
And it starts getting really nice.
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你会感觉非常的棒。
08:00
And as you go deeper, that lovely, blue water you were launched in
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随着你越潜越深,
08:03
gives way to darker and darker blue.
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海水的蓝色也变得越来越深。
08:06
And finally, it's a rich lavender,
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最终变成一种饱满的淡紫色,
08:08
and after a couple of thousand feet, it's ink black.
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几千英尺深之后,已经变成墨黑色了。
08:11
And now you've entered the realm
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此时你已经潜入了
08:13
of the mid-water community.
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大海的中部。
08:16
You could give an entire talk
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你可以举出很多例子
08:18
about the creatures that live in the mid-water.
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关于那些栖息在海洋中部的生物。
08:20
Suffice to say though, as far as I'm concerned,
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足够可以说明
08:23
without question, the most bizarre designs
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虽然毫无疑问,世界上最怪诞的
08:26
and outrageous behaviors
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以及最骇人的动物
08:29
are in the animals that live in the mid-water community.
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大都生活在这里,
08:32
But we're just going to zip right past this area,
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但是我们所认识到的远远不止这些,
08:34
this area that includes about 95 percent
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这里包含了我们地球上
08:37
of the living space on our planet
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大约百分之九十五的生存空间
08:39
and go to the mid-ocean ridge, which I think is even more extraordinary.
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那里我认为更为特别的海脊。
08:42
The mid-ocean ridge is a huge mountain range,
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海洋中部的海脊是一条巨大的山脉,
08:45
40,000 miles long, snaking around the entire globe.
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有4000英里长,蜿蜒环绕整个地球。
08:48
And they're big mountains, thousands of feet tall,
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它们是庞大的山峦,有几千英尺高,
08:50
some of which are tens of thousands of feet
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其中的一些甚至高达成千上万英尺
08:52
and bust through the surface,
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穿出了水面,
08:54
creating islands like Hawaii.
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夏威夷岛就是这样形成的。
08:56
And the top of this mountain range
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这个山脉的顶端
08:58
is splitting apart, creating a rift valley.
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炸裂开来,形成了一个地堑。
09:01
And when you dive into that rift valley, that's where the action is
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当你潜入那个地堑中,你将来到一个非常刺激的地方
09:04
because literally thousands of active volcanoes
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因为理论上讲,数以千计的活火山
09:07
are going off at any point in time
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在任何时候都有可能爆发,
09:09
all along this 40,000 mile range.
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所有这4000英尺的范围。
09:11
And as these tectonic plates are spreading apart,
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当这些构造板块分裂开来的时候,
09:14
magma, lava is coming up and filling those gaps,
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岩浆,熔岩会涌上来填满这些裂缝。
09:17
and you're looking land -- new land --
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所以你就可以亲眼目睹
09:20
being created right before your eyes.
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新大陆在你眼前生成。
09:22
And over the tops of them is 3,000 to 4,000 meters of water
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在它们的顶端是三到四千米深的水,
09:25
creating enormous pressure,
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这形成的巨大的压力
09:27
forcing water down through the cracks toward the center of the earth,
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会使水流沿着裂缝流向地球的中心,
09:30
until it hits a magma chamber
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直到遇到岩浆储源,
09:32
where it becomes superheated
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在那里它会被加热
09:34
and supersaturated with minerals,
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充分的被矿物质所浸透,
09:36
reverses its flow and starts shooting back to the surface
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开始逆流并且向地面喷射,
09:38
and is ejected out of the earth like a geyser at Yellowstone.
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被喷出地表,就像是黄石公园的地热喷泉。
09:41
In fact, this whole area
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事实上,这整块地区
09:43
is like a Yellowstone National Park with all of the trimmings.
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就像是整个的黄石国家森林公园。
09:46
And this vent fluid is about 600 or 700 degrees F.
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喷出的水流大约有600到700华氏温度。
09:49
The surrounding water is just a couple of degrees above freezing.
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而周围的水温只有零上几度。
09:52
So it immediately cools,
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所以它立刻就被冷却了,
09:54
and it can no longer hold in suspension
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不再蒸发
09:56
all of the material that it's dissolved,
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其中所溶解的所有物质,
09:58
and it precipitates out, forming black smoke.
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以及所沉淀的东西,都形成了黑烟。
10:01
And it forms these towers, these chimneys
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这就形成了一些塔型和烟囱型的东西
10:03
that are 10, 20, 30 feet tall.
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它们有10,20甚至30英尺高。
10:05
And all along the sides of these chimneys
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并且沿着这些烟柱的边缘
10:08
is shimmering with heat and loaded with life.
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微微发出热量,孕育着生命。
10:11
You've got black smokers going all over the place
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你已经了解所有地方的海底黑烟柱附近
10:13
and chimneys that have tube worms
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都生活着管状蠕虫
10:15
that might be eight to 10 feet long.
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它们可能有八到十英尺长。
10:18
And out of the tops of these tube worms
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在这些管状蠕虫的上面
10:20
are these beautiful red plumes.
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是美丽的红色烟缕。
10:22
And living amongst the tangle of tube worms
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生活在管状蠕虫周围的
10:25
is an entire community of animals:
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是一个完整的动物群落,
10:27
shrimp, fish, lobsters, crab,
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例如虾,鱼,龙虾,螃蟹,
10:29
clams and swarms of arthropods
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蛤蜊以及大群的浮游生物
10:31
that are playing that dangerous game
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它们在进行十分危险的游戏
10:33
between over here is scalding hot and freezing cold.
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在沸水和冷水之间徘徊。
10:36
And this whole ecosystem
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整个这个生态系统
10:38
wasn't even known about
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尚未被人所知
10:40
until 33 years ago.
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直到33年之前。
10:42
And it completely threw science on its head.
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它的存在完全推翻了之前的科学依据。
10:46
It made scientists rethink
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促使科学家们反思
10:48
where life on Earth might have actually begun.
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地球上生命的起源究竟是在哪里。
10:50
And before the discovery of these vents,
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在发现这些深海热泉以前,
10:53
all life on Earth, the key to life on Earth,
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地球上所有生命的核心,
10:55
was believed to be the sun and photosynthesis.
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都被认为依赖于太阳,依赖于光合作用,
10:57
But down there, there is no sun,
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但是在大海深处,那里没有阳光,
10:59
there is no photosynthesis;
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所以也不存在着光合作用。
11:01
it's chemosynthetic environment down there driving it,
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那里是一个化学合成的环境,
11:04
and it's all so ephemeral.
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生命是如此的短暂。
11:06
You might film this
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当你拍摄下这个
11:08
unbelievable hydrothermal vent,
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令人难以置信的深海热液喷口的时候,
11:10
which you think at the time has to be on another planet.
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你会觉得仿佛置身于另一个星球之上。
11:13
It's amazing to think that this is actually on earth;
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但是它却存在于地球,这真是太神奇了。
11:15
it looks like aliens in an alien environment.
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就像是在一个陌生的环境中看到了外星生物。
11:18
But you go back to the same vent eight years later
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但是如果你八年后再次回到这个热液喷口,
11:21
and it can be completely dead.
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它可能已经彻底死亡了。
11:23
There's no hot water.
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不再有热水涌出。
11:25
All of the animals are gone, they're dead,
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所有的生物都消失了。
11:27
and the chimneys are still there
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但是烟囱型的喷口还留在那里
11:29
creating a really nice ghost town,
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形成了一个非常神奇的鬼镇,
11:31
an eerie, spooky ghost town,
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一个怪诞的,幽灵般的鬼镇,
11:33
but essentially devoid of animals, of course.
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没有任何生命的存在。
11:35
But 10 miles down the ridge...
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但是在这条海脊10英里以下的地方...
11:38
pshhh! There's another volcano going.
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天哪!那有有另一个火山在喷发。
11:40
And there's a whole new hydrothermal vent community that has been formed.
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并且已经形成了一整个新的热液喷口生命群落。
11:43
And this kind of life and death of hydrothermal vent communities
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这种生命群落的生命周期
11:46
is going on every 30 or 40 years
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约为30到40年
11:48
all along the ridge.
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在所有这些海脊中。
11:50
And that ephemeral nature
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在那个朝生暮死的自然环境里
11:52
of the hydrothermal vent community
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那些热液喷口生命群落
11:54
isn't really different from some of the
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与我之前看到的
11:56
areas that I've seen
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并没有真正的区别
11:58
in 35 years of traveling around, making films.
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在我35年周游世界的拍摄生涯之中。
12:01
Where you go and film a really nice sequence at a bay.
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当你出去拍摄一个非常棒的海湾
12:04
And you go back, and I'm at home,
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结束之后,回到家里,
12:06
and I'm thinking, "Okay, what can I shoot ...
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你就会想:“很好,我看到它们了。
12:08
Ah! I know where I can shoot that.
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啊,我知道在哪儿我可以拍摄到它们。
12:10
There's this beautiful bay, lots of soft corals and stomatopods."
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这真是一个美丽的海湾,有着许多软体珊瑚和甲壳类生物。”
12:12
And you show up, and it's dead.
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而当你再次出现的时候,它们已经死了
12:15
There's no coral, algae growing on it, and the water's pea soup.
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没有珊瑚,没有藻类,海水变得浑浊。
12:18
You think, "Well, what happened?"
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你会思考:“到底发生了什么?”
12:20
And you turn around,
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当你转过身,
12:22
and there's a hillside behind you with a neighborhood going in,
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看见身后有一个山坡,上面是住宅区,
12:24
and bulldozers are pushing piles of soil back and forth.
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推土机正在来回的推土。
12:27
And over here
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在那里
12:29
there's a golf course going in.
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即将兴建一座高尔夫球场。
12:31
And this is the tropics.
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这里是热带
12:33
It's raining like crazy here.
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经常会有暴雨降临。
12:35
So this rainwater is flooding down the hillside,
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所以雨水淹没了山坡,
12:38
carrying with it sediments from the construction site,
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夹带着建筑工地里的沉积物,
12:40
smothering the coral and killing it.
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让让珊瑚礁窒息,置它们于死地。
12:42
And fertilizers and pesticides
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化肥和农药
12:44
are flowing into the bay from the golf course --
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从高尔夫球场流入这个海湾。
12:47
the pesticides killing all the larvae and little animals,
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杀虫剂杀死了所有的幼虫和小动物,
12:50
fertilizer creating this beautiful plankton bloom --
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化肥造成了浮游生物的大量繁殖。
12:52
and there's your pea soup.
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使得海水呈现出浓豌豆汤似的浑浊状态。
12:54
But, encouragingly, I've seen just the opposite.
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但是,令人鼓舞的是,我也注意到了一些好的现象。
12:57
I've been to a place that was a pretty trashed bay.
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我曾经去过一个被人为破坏了的海湾。
13:00
And I looked at it, just said, "Yuck,"
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我当时看着它,叹了一口气“太糟糕了”
13:02
and go and work on the other side of the island.
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就去了岛屿的另一边进行工作。
13:04
Five years later, come back,
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五年之后,我又回到了这个地方,
13:06
and that same bay is now gorgeous. It's beautiful.
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就是当初那一个海滩,她变得棒极了,非常漂亮。
13:09
It's got living coral, fish all over the place,
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到处都是活着的珊瑚礁和鱼儿,
13:11
crystal clear water, and you go, "How did that happen?"
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和清澈的海水,你不禁会问:“究竟发生过什么?”
13:14
Well, how it happened is
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这一切都要归功于
13:16
the local community galvanized.
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当地社区所付出的努力。
13:18
They recognized what was happening on the hillside and put a stop to it;
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他们意识到了发生在山坡上的一切,并且进行了阻止,
13:21
enacted laws and made permits required
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颁布了法令并且进行执照许可
13:23
to do responsible construction
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进行负责任的重建工作
13:25
and golf course maintenance
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以及高尔夫球场的维修保养
13:27
and stopped the sediments flowing into the bay,
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同时阻止了沉淀物不断流入海湾,
13:29
and stopped the chemicals flowing into the bay,
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还堵住了流入海湾的化学品,
13:31
and the bay recovered.
330
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所以这个海湾获得了重生。
13:33
The ocean has an amazing ability
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海洋拥有神奇的能力
13:35
to recover, if we'll just leave it alone.
332
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进行自我修复,如果我们给它这样的机会。
13:38
I think Margaret Mead
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我认为Margaret Mead的话
13:40
said it best.
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让我感触很深。
13:42
She said that a small group of thoughtful people
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她说一小部分有思想的人们
13:44
could change the world.
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能够有能力改变这个世界。
13:46
Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.
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的确,这是一个真理。
13:49
And a small group of thoughtful people
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正是有了那一小部分有思想的民众
13:51
changed that bay.
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改变了那个海湾。
13:53
I'm a big fan of grassroots organizations.
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我十分坚信普通民众们的力量。
13:56
I've been to a lot of lectures
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我参加过许多的演讲
13:58
where, at the end of it, inevitably,
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在每次演讲结束时
14:00
one of the first questions that comes up is,
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人们首先提出的几个问题之一就是
14:02
"But, but what can I do?
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“但是,我可以做些什么呢?
14:04
I'm an individual. I'm one person.
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我只是一个个体,我只有一个人。
14:06
And these problems are so large and global, and it's just overwhelming."
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而这些问题是如此的大和全球性,并且看上去势不可挡。”
14:09
Fair enough question.
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这是一个非常好的问题。
14:11
My answer to that is don't look
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我的回答就是
14:13
at the big, overwhelming issues of the world.
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不要把它们看做是巨大而难以解决的全球性问题。
14:16
Look in your own backyard.
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可以站在你自己的立场来看待它们。
14:18
Look in your heart, actually.
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认真的审视你的内心。
14:21
What do you really care about that isn't right where you live?
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你所真正关心的事情并不仅仅局限于你所居住的地方。
14:24
And fix it.
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开始去实践他。
14:26
Create a healing zone in your neighborhood
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在你生活的周围创造出一个可以循环利用的环境
14:28
and encourage others to do the same.
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并且鼓励别人也这样做。
14:30
And maybe these healing zones can sprinkle a map,
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也许这些得以循环的小环境
14:32
little dots on a map.
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能够在地图上形成一些小的点。
14:34
And in fact, the way that we can communicate today --
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事实上,当今世界的通讯技术如此发达,
14:37
where Alaska is instantly knowing what's going on in China,
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身在阿拉斯加,就能立刻知道发生在中国的事情,
14:40
and the Kiwis did this, and then over in England they tried to ...
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新西兰人正在做什么以及在英国人们正在打算干什么...
14:42
and everybody is talking to everyone else --
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每一个人都可以与身在别处的人们交谈。
14:44
it's not isolated points on a map anymore,
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我们不再是地图上面孤立的点,
14:46
it's a network we've created.
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我们已经建立起来了一个网络。
14:48
And maybe these healing zones can start growing,
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这样这些可循环的系统就能够开始成长,
14:50
and possibly even overlap, and good things can happen.
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甚至可能重叠起来,成就一番事业。
14:53
So that's how I answer that question.
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这就是我对这个问题的回答。
14:56
Look in your own backyard, in fact, look in the mirror.
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站在你自己的立场上面想一想,换句话说,审视你自己。
14:59
What can you do that is more responsible
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你究竟能够负起什么样的责任
15:01
than what you're doing now?
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对于你正在从事的事情?
15:03
And do that, and spread the word.
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就这样做下去,并且把它传播开来。
15:06
The vent community animals
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那些在热液喷口生活着的动物们
15:08
can't really do much
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无能为力
15:10
about the life and death
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对于自己的生死
15:12
that's going on where they live, but up here we can.
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所以它们别无选择,但是我们可以。
15:15
In theory, we're thinking, rational human beings.
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从理论上说,我们能够思考,我们是理性的人类。
15:18
And we can make changes to our behavior
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我们可以改变我们自身的行为方式
15:21
that will influence and affect the environment,
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最终影响周围的环境,
15:24
like those people changed the health of that bay.
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正如那些让海湾重获新生的人们。
15:26
Now, Sylvia's TED Prize wish
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Sylvia的TED演讲获奖感言
15:29
was to beseech us to do anything we could,
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是恳请我们尽自己所能,
15:32
everything we could,
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做任何可以做的事情,
15:34
to set aside not pin pricks,
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去阻止,而非加剧,
15:36
but significant expanses
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并且大力传播
15:38
of the ocean for preservation,
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保护海洋的意识,
15:40
"hope spots," she calls them.
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她称他们为“希望之点”,
15:42
And I applaud that. I loudly applaud that.
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我为这个提议鼓掌,大声的鼓掌。
15:46
And it's my hope that some of these "hope spots"
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我希望这些“希望之点”
15:49
can be in the deep ocean,
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能够注意到大海的深处,
15:51
an area that has historically
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那一个在历史上,
15:54
been seriously neglected, if not abused.
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被我们长时间所忽视的地方--
15:57
The term "deep six" comes to mind:
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我想到一个俚语,抛入大海。
15:59
"If it's too big or too toxic for a landfill,
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如果有一堆巨大并且有毒的垃圾,
16:02
deep six it!"
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那就把它们扔进大海吧。
16:04
So, I hope that we can also keep
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但是如今,我希望我们也可以
16:06
some of these "hope spots" in the deep sea.
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真正的关心一下我们的深海。
16:09
Now, I don't get a wish,
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我并不是在发表感言,
16:12
but I certainly can say
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但是我许诺
16:15
that I will do anything I can
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我会尽我所能
16:17
to support Sylvia Earle's wish.
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去支持Sylvia Earle的愿望。
16:19
And that I do.
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我会这样做的。
16:21
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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谢谢大家。(掌声)

Original video on YouTube.com
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