Mike deGruy: Hooked by an octopus

73,758 views ใƒป 2010-04-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: eviatar edlerman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I first became fascinated with octopus at an early age.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ
00:18
I grew up in Mobile, Alabama --
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืืœื‘ืžื”.
00:20
somebody's got to be from Mobile, right? --
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:22
and Mobile sits at the confluence of five rivers,
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ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ื”ืจื•ืช
00:25
forming this beautiful delta.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ืœืชื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
00:27
And the delta has alligators crawling
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ื•ื‘ื“ืœืชื ื”ื–ื• ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ืชื ื™ื ื™ื
00:29
in and out of rivers filled with fish
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ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื
00:31
and cypress trees dripping with snakes,
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ื•ืขืฆื™ ื‘ืจื•ืฉ ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื ื—ืฉื™ื
00:33
birds of every flavor.
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ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’.
00:35
It's an absolute magical wonderland to live in --
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ื–ืืช ืžืžืฉ ืืจืฅ ืคืœืื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”
00:38
if you're a kid interested in animals, to grow up in.
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”,
00:41
And this delta water flows to Mobile Bay, and finally into the Gulf of Mexico.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืžื”ื“ืœืชื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžืคืจืฅ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
00:45
And I remember my first real contact with octopus
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืชืžื ื•ืŸ
00:48
was probably at age five or six.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืื• ืฉืฉ.
00:50
I was in the gulf, and I was swimming around and saw a little octopus on the bottom.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ, ืฉื•ื—ื”, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช.
00:53
And I reached down and picked him up, and immediately
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ืฆืœืœืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืืกืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืžื™ื“
00:56
became fascinated and impressed by its speed and its strength and agility.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืงืกื ืžื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,ื›ื•ื— ื•ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
00:59
It was prying my fingers apart and moving to the back of my hand.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื ืข ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™
01:03
It was all I could do to hold onto this amazing creature.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
01:05
Then it sort of calmed down in the palms of my hands
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืจื’ืข ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™
01:08
and started flashing colors,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
01:10
just pulsing all of these colors.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
01:12
And as I looked at it, it kind of tucked its arms under it,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื—ื‘ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ
01:15
raised into a spherical shape
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ื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื”
01:17
and turned chocolate brown with two white stripes.
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ื•ื ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
01:20
I'm going, "My gosh!" I had never seen anything like this in my life!
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื" ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™!
01:23
So I marveled for a moment, and then decided it was time to release him,
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ืื– ื”ืชืคืขืœืชื™ ืœืจื’ืข, ื•ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•,
01:26
so I put him down.
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ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื˜ื”
01:28
The octopus left my hands and then did the damnedest thing:
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ื•ื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื– ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:32
It landed on the bottom in the rubble
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ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช
01:35
and -- fwoosh! -- vanished
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ื•ืื– ---ืคื•ื•ื•ื•ืฉ!--- ื ืขืœื!
01:37
right before my eyes.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™.
01:38
And I knew, right then, at age six,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื–, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ,
01:40
that is an animal that I want to learn more about. So I did.
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ืฉื–ืืช ื—ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™.
01:43
And I went off to college and got a degree in marine zoology,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืงื•ืœื’ ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื–ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ืช.
01:46
and then moved to Hawaii and entered graduate school
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ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™
01:48
at the University of Hawaii.
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
01:50
And while a student at Hawaii, I worked at the Waikiki Aquarium.
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื•ืงื™ืงื™
01:53
And the aquarium had a lot of big fish tanks
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ื•ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื“ื’ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
01:55
but not a lot of invertebrate displays,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
01:57
and being the spineless guy, I thought, well
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื‘
02:00
I'll just go out in the field and collect these wonderful animals
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืฆื ืœืฉื˜ื— ื•ืืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
02:03
I had been learning about as a student
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ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜
02:06
and bring them in, and I built these elaborate sets and put them on display.
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ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืื‘ื ื” ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช.
02:09
Now, the fish in the tanks were gorgeous to look at,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ืื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืจืื”,
02:13
but they didn't really interact with people.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:16
But the octopus did.
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ื”ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืŸ.
02:18
If you walked up to an octopus tank,
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ืื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืžื ื•ืŸ,
02:20
especially early in the morning before anyone arrived,
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ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื’ื™ืข,
02:22
the octopus would rise up and look at you
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ื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจื•ืžื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืš
02:24
and you're thinking, "Is that guy really looking at me? He is looking at me!"
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™? ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™!"
02:27
And you walk up to the front of the tank. Then you realize
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ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
02:29
that these animals all have different personalities:
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:33
Some of them would hold their ground,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
02:35
others would slink into the back of the tank and disappear in the rocks,
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ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ื™ืชื—ื‘ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื.
02:39
and one in particular, this amazing animal ...
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ื•ืื—ื“, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื...
02:41
I went up to the front of the tank, and he's just staring at me,
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ื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™ ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื” ื‘ื™.
02:44
and he had little horns come up above his eyes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืงืจื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:46
So I went right up to the front of the tank --
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ืื– ื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™ ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ.
02:48
I was three or four inches from the front glass --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืื™ื ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช
02:50
and the octopus was sitting on a perch, a little rock,
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ื•ื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกืœืข ืงื˜ืŸ
02:53
and he came off the rock and he also came down right to the front of the glass.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื”ืกืœืข ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช
02:57
So I was staring at this animal about six or seven inches away,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื” ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
03:00
and at that time I could actually focus that close;
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
03:03
now as I look at my fuzzy fingers I realize those days are long gone.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืชืžื•.
03:07
Anyway, there we were, staring at each other,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”,
03:09
and he reaches down and grabs an armful of gravel
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆืฅ
03:12
and releases it in the jet of water entering the tank
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ื•ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื™ื›ืœ
03:15
from the filtration system,
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ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ,
03:17
and -- chk chk chk chk chk! -- this gravel hits the front of the glass and falls down.
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ื• "ืฆืืง ืฆืืง ืฆืืง ืฆืืง!" ื”ื—ืฆืฅ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ื ื•ืคืœ.
03:20
He reaches up, takes another armful of gravel, releases it --
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ืžืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคืŸ ื—ืฆืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจ...
03:23
chk chk chk chk chk! -- same thing.
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"ืฆืืืง ืฆืืง ืฆืืง ืฆืืง!"--- ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
03:26
Then he lifts another arm and I lift an arm.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“. ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“.
03:29
Then he lifts another arm and I lift another arm.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ ื ื•ืกืคืช.
03:32
And then I realize the octopus won the arms race,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื,
03:35
because I was out and he had six left. (Laughter)
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื•ืœื• ื ืฉืืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉ.
03:38
But the only way I can describe what I was seeing that day
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื
03:42
was that this octopus was playing,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชืžื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ืง,
03:45
which is a pretty sophisticated behavior for a mere invertebrate.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžืชื•ื›ื—ืžืช ืœื—ื™ื” ื—ืกืจืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช.
03:49
So, about three years into my degree,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื
03:51
a funny thing happened on the way to the office,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ืงืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžืฉืจื“,
03:54
which actually changed the course of my life.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ื™ื™.
03:56
A man came into the aquarium. It's a long story, but essentially
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ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื. ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ
03:59
he sent me and a couple of friends of mine to the South Pacific
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื“ืจื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™ืง
04:02
to collect animals for him,
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:04
and as we left, he gave us two 16-millimeter movie cameras.
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืขื–ื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• 16 ืžืž
04:07
He said, "Make a movie about this expedition."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ " ืชืขืฉื• ืกืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช."
04:10
"OK, a couple of biologists making a movie --
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...ืื•ืงื™, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืกืจื˜---
04:13
this'll be interesting,"
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:14
and off we went. And we did, we made a movie,
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื“ืจืš, ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืกืจื˜,
04:16
which had to be the worst movie ever made
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ืฆืจ
04:18
in the history of movie making,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
04:20
but it was a blast. I had so much fun.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ, ืžืžืฉ ื ื”ื ืชื™.
04:22
And I remember that proverbial light going off in my head,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื”ื ื“ืœืงืช ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื™,
04:24
thinking, "Wait a minute.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ืจื’ืข.
04:26
Maybe I can do this all the time.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
04:28
Yeah, I'll be a filmmaker."
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืกืจื˜ื™ื."
04:30
So I literally came back from that job,
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
04:32
quit school, hung my filmmaking shingle
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ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™
04:34
and just never told anyone that I didn't know what I was doing.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
04:37
It's been a good ride.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:39
And what I learned in school though was really beneficial.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืื“ ืขื–ืจ ืœื™.
04:41
If you're a wildlife filmmaker
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื™ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข
04:43
and you're going out into the field to film animals,
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ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืœืฆืœื ื—ื™ื•ืช,
04:45
especially behavior,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
04:47
it helps to have a fundamental background
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจืงืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
04:49
on who these animals are,
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
04:51
how they work and, you know, a bit about their behaviors.
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ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช.
04:54
But where I really learned about octopus
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื
04:56
was in the field, as a filmmaker
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื‘ืžืื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
04:58
making films with them,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืกืจื˜ื™ื,
05:00
where you're allowed to spend large periods of time
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืš ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”
05:03
with the animals, seeing octopus being octopus
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ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื
05:06
in their ocean homes.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:08
I remember I took a trip to Australia,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
05:10
went to an island called One Tree Island.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื™ ืฉื ืงืจื " ืื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืื—ื“".
05:13
And apparently, evolution had occurred
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื
05:15
at a pretty rapid rate on One Tree,
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘" ืื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืื—ื“"
05:17
between the time they named it and the time I arrived,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืชื™
05:20
because I'm sure there were at least three trees
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฆื™ื
05:22
on that island when we were there.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื.
05:24
Anyway, one tree is situated right next to
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, "ืขืฅ ืื—ื“" ื ืžืฆื ืœื™ื“
05:26
a beautiful coral reef.
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ืจื™ืฃ ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
05:28
In fact, there's a surge channel
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืขืœืช ื’ืื•ืช
05:30
where the tide is moving back and forth, twice a day, pretty rapidly.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืื—ื•ืจื”, ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื”
05:33
And there's a beautiful reef,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืจื™ืฃ ื™ืคื”
05:34
very complex reef, with lots of animals,
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ืจื™ืฃ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
05:37
including a lot of octopus.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื.
05:39
And not uniquely
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ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’
05:41
but certainly, the octopus in Australia
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ื”ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
05:43
are masters at camouflage.
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ื”ื ืืฉืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื•ื•ืื”.
05:45
As a matter of fact,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”
05:47
there's one right there.
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ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ
05:49
So our first challenge was to find these things,
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ืื– ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื,
05:51
and that was a challenge, indeed.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืœืœื ืกืคืง.
05:53
But the idea is, we were there for a month
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื”: ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื,
05:55
and I wanted to acclimate the animals to us
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื•.
05:57
so that we could see behaviors without disturbing them.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ื.
06:00
So the first week was pretty much spent
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ืื– ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•
06:02
just getting as close as we could,
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ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ,
06:04
every day a little closer, a little closer, a little closer.
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ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:06
And you knew what the limit was: they would start getting twitchy
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ
06:08
and you'd back up, come back in a few hours.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ืกื•ื’ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช,
06:11
And after the first week, they ignored us.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
06:14
It was like, "I don't know what that thing is, but he's no threat to me."
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœื™."
06:16
So they went on about their business
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
06:18
and from a foot away, we're watching mating
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ื•ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื˜ืจ, ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช
06:20
and courting and fighting
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ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช
06:22
and it is just an unbelievable experience.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืชืืžืŸ.
06:25
And one of the most fantastic displays
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช
06:27
that I remember, or at least visually,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™
06:29
was a foraging behavior.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืœืœื›ื™ื“ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
06:31
And they had a lot of different techniques
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
06:33
that they would use for foraging,
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ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชืŸ ื”ื ืœื›ื“ื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
06:35
but this particular one used vision.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ืจืฉื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
06:37
And they would see a coral head,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืืœืžื•ื’
06:39
maybe 10 feet away,
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ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื
06:41
and start moving over toward that coral head.
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื–ื•ื– ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื•ื’.
06:44
And I don't know whether they actually saw crab in it, or imagined that one might be,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื ืจืื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื”ื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื—ื“,
06:48
but whatever the case, they would leap off the bottom
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืงืคืฆื• ืžื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช
06:51
and go through the water and land right on top of this coral head,
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ื•ืฉื—ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืœืžื•ื’,
06:54
and then the web between the arms
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ื•ืื– ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:56
would completely engulf the coral head,
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ื‘ืœืขื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’
06:58
and they would fish out, swim for crabs.
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ื•ื”ื ื“ื’ื•, ื•ืฉื—ื• ืœืกืจื˜ื ื™ื.
07:00
And as soon as the crabs touched the arm, it was lights out.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื ื’ืข ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื•ืจื•ืช
07:03
And I always wondered what happened under that web.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืฉืช.
07:05
So we created a way to find out, (Laughter)
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
07:08
and I got my first look at that famous beak in action.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”
07:11
It was fantastic.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
07:13
If you're going to make a lot of films about a particular group of animals,
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ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
07:16
you might as well pick one that's fairly common.
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจ ื—ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
07:18
And octopus are, they live in all the oceans.
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ื•ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื, ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื
07:20
They also live deep.
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื.
07:22
And I can't say octopus are responsible
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื
07:24
for my really strong interest
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ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™
07:26
in getting in subs and going deep,
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ื‘ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžืขืžืงื™ื,
07:28
but whatever the case, I like that.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”.
07:30
It's like nothing you've ever done.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
07:32
If you ever really want to get away from it all
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื›ืœ
07:34
and see something that you have never seen,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืช
07:36
and have an excellent chance of seeing something
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
07:38
no one has ever seen, get in a sub.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ืจืื”, ืชื›ื ืก ืœืฆื•ืœืœืช.
07:41
You climb in, seal the hatch, turn on a little oxygen,
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ืืช ืžื˜ืคืก ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืื•ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืคืชื—, ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืงืฆืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
07:43
turn on the scrubber,
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ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคื—.
07:45
which removes the CO2 in the air you breathe, and they chuck you overboard.
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ืฉืžืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืฉื, ืŸื”ื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ.
07:48
Down you go. There's no connection to the surface
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ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
07:50
apart from a pretty funky radio.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ืจื“ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
07:52
And as you go down, the washing machine
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”
07:54
at the surface calms down.
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ืฉืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื ืจื’ืขืช.
07:56
And it gets quiet.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืงื˜.
07:58
And it starts getting really nice.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื“.
08:00
And as you go deeper, that lovely, blue water you were launched in
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืžืขืžื™ืง,ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœืชื•ื›ื ืฆืœืœืช
08:03
gives way to darker and darker blue.
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ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื” ื•ื›ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:06
And finally, it's a rich lavender,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกื’ื•ืœ ืขืฉื™ืจ
08:08
and after a couple of thousand feet, it's ink black.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื•ืš
08:11
And now you've entered the realm
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ื•ืืชื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื
08:13
of the mid-water community.
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ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
08:16
You could give an entire talk
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœืžื”
08:18
about the creatures that live in the mid-water.
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
08:20
Suffice to say though, as far as I'm concerned,
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืชื™,
08:23
without question, the most bizarre designs
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ืฉืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกืคืง, ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:26
and outrageous behaviors
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ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:29
are in the animals that live in the mid-water community.
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ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
08:32
But we're just going to zip right past this area,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
08:34
this area that includes about 95 percent
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ 95%
08:37
of the living space on our planet
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ืžืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•
08:39
and go to the mid-ocean ridge, which I think is even more extraordinary.
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ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจื›ืก ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก, ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืฉื™ื.
08:42
The mid-ocean ridge is a huge mountain range,
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ืจื›ืก ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืจื›ืก ื”ืจื™ื ืขื ืง
08:45
40,000 miles long, snaking around the entire globe.
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40000 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš, ืžืชืคืชืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื”"ื
08:48
And they're big mountains, thousands of feet tall,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื , ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
08:50
some of which are tens of thousands of feet
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ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื
08:52
and bust through the surface,
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ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืžื™ื
08:54
creating islands like Hawaii.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
08:56
And the top of this mountain range
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ืก ื”ืจื™ื ื–ื”
08:58
is splitting apart, creating a rift valley.
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ื”ืจื›ืก ืžืชืคืฆืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืžืง
09:01
And when you dive into that rift valley, that's where the action is
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ื•ืฉืืชื” ืฆื•ืœืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืžืง ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืืงืฉืŸ
09:04
because literally thousands of active volcanoes
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืืœืคื™ ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื
09:07
are going off at any point in time
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ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
09:09
all along this 40,000 mile range.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจื›ืก
09:11
And as these tectonic plates are spreading apart,
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
09:14
magma, lava is coming up and filling those gaps,
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ืžื’ืžื”,ืœื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื•ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:17
and you're looking land -- new land --
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ื•ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžื”,ืื“ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
09:20
being created right before your eyes.
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ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื.
09:22
And over the tops of them is 3,000 to 4,000 meters of water
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ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื,
09:25
creating enormous pressure,
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ืขืฆื•ื,
09:27
forcing water down through the cracks toward the center of the earth,
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ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
09:30
until it hits a magma chamber
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื’ืžื”,
09:32
where it becomes superheated
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ืฉื ื”ื ืžื—ื•ืžืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
09:34
and supersaturated with minerals,
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ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื,
09:36
reverses its flow and starts shooting back to the surface
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื,
09:38
and is ejected out of the earth like a geyser at Yellowstone.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ื™ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ
09:41
In fact, this whole area
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
09:43
is like a Yellowstone National Park with all of the trimmings.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืœื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช.
09:46
And this vent fluid is about 600 or 700 degrees F.
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ื”ื—ื•ื ื‘ืืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 370 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœืกื™ื•ืก
09:49
The surrounding water is just a couple of degrees above freezing.
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ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ.
09:52
So it immediately cools,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ืžืชืงืจืจ ืžื”ืจ,
09:54
and it can no longer hold in suspension
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ
09:56
all of the material that it's dissolved,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคื’,
09:58
and it precipitates out, forming black smoke.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
10:01
And it forms these towers, these chimneys
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
10:03
that are 10, 20, 30 feet tall.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 3,7,10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
10:05
And all along the sides of these chimneys
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ื•ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
10:08
is shimmering with heat and loaded with life.
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ืฉื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
10:11
You've got black smokers going all over the place
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขืฉืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื
10:13
and chimneys that have tube worms
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ื•ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืœืขื™ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ
10:15
that might be eight to 10 feet long.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
10:18
And out of the tops of these tube worms
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ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื”ืืœื•
10:20
are these beautiful red plumes.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
10:22
And living amongst the tangle of tube worms
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื•ื ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขื™ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ
10:25
is an entire community of animals:
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
10:27
shrimp, fish, lobsters, crab,
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ื—ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ื,ื“ื’ื™ื,ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื,
10:29
clams and swarms of arthropods
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ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื—ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืงื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื
10:31
that are playing that dangerous game
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ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ
10:33
between over here is scalding hot and freezing cold.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื” ืœืคื” ื–ื” ื—ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืงืคื•ื.
10:36
And this whole ecosystem
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช
10:38
wasn't even known about
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืขื“
10:40
until 33 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 33 ืฉื ื™ื.
10:42
And it completely threw science on its head.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข.
10:46
It made scientists rethink
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœืžื“ืข ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
10:48
where life on Earth might have actually begun.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
10:50
And before the discovery of these vents,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
10:53
all life on Earth, the key to life on Earth,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:55
was believed to be the sun and photosynthesis.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”,
10:57
But down there, there is no sun,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉ,
10:59
there is no photosynthesis;
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ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”.
11:01
it's chemosynthetic environment down there driving it,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”
11:04
and it's all so ephemeral.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืจืขื™.
11:06
You might film this
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืœื ืืช
11:08
unbelievable hydrothermal vent,
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ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:10
which you think at the time has to be on another planet.
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ื•ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ.
11:13
It's amazing to think that this is actually on earth;
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
11:15
it looks like aliens in an alien environment.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ืช.
11:18
But you go back to the same vent eight years later
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—"ื›,
11:21
and it can be completely dead.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
11:23
There's no hot water.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื.
11:25
All of the animals are gone, they're dead,
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ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืขืœืžื•. ื”ื ืžืชื™ื.
11:27
and the chimneys are still there
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ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื
11:29
creating a really nice ghost town,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืจืคืื™ื ื™ืคื”,
11:31
an eerie, spooky ghost town,
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ืขื™ืจ ืจืคืื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”,
11:33
but essentially devoid of animals, of course.
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ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
11:35
But 10 miles down the ridge...
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื›ืก....
11:38
pshhh! There's another volcano going.
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ืคืฉืฉืฉ!! ื™ืฉ ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืชืคืจืฅ.
11:40
And there's a whole new hydrothermal vent community that has been formed.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื˜ืจืžื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื.
11:43
And this kind of life and death of hydrothermal vent communities
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ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื˜ืจืžื™ื•ืช
11:46
is going on every 30 or 40 years
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ 30 ืื• 40 ืฉื ื™ื
11:48
all along the ridge.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืจื›ืก.
11:50
And that ephemeral nature
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ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืืจืขื™ ืฉืœ
11:52
of the hydrothermal vent community
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
11:54
isn't really different from some of the
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื”
11:56
areas that I've seen
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ืžื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
11:58
in 35 years of traveling around, making films.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘35 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
12:01
Where you go and film a really nice sequence at a bay.
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ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆืœื ืกืจื˜ ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ
12:04
And you go back, and I'm at home,
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
12:06
and I'm thinking, "Okay, what can I shoot ...
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ืื•ืงื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:08
Ah! I know where I can shoot that.
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ืื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื–ื”.
12:10
There's this beautiful bay, lots of soft corals and stomatopods."
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ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฅ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช."
12:12
And you show up, and it's dead.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื•ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืช.
12:15
There's no coral, algae growing on it, and the water's pea soup.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื,ืืฆื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืจืง ืืคื•ื ื”.
12:18
You think, "Well, what happened?"
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ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ " ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”?"
12:20
And you turn around,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘,
12:22
and there's a hillside behind you with a neighborhood going in,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ืœื™ื“ืš ื ื‘ื ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
12:24
and bulldozers are pushing piles of soil back and forth.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืขืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
12:27
And over here
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ื•ืคื”
12:29
there's a golf course going in.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืฉื ื‘ื ื”.
12:31
And this is the tropics.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ื˜ืจื•ืคื™.
12:33
It's raining like crazy here.
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ื’ืฉื•ื ืžืื“ ื›ืืŸ.
12:35
So this rainwater is flooding down the hillside,
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ืื– ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”,
12:38
carrying with it sediments from the construction site,
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ืกื•ื—ืคื™ื ืื™ืชื ืžืฉืงืขื™ื ืžืืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”,
12:40
smothering the coral and killing it.
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ื—ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
12:42
And fertilizers and pesticides
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ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”
12:44
are flowing into the bay from the golf course --
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ.
12:47
the pesticides killing all the larvae and little animals,
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
12:50
fertilizer creating this beautiful plankton bloom --
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ื•ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ
12:52
and there's your pea soup.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจืง ื”ืืคื•ื ื”.
12:54
But, encouragingly, I've seen just the opposite.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื•ื“ื“, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื.
12:57
I've been to a place that was a pretty trashed bay.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื‘ืœื”.
13:00
And I looked at it, just said, "Yuck,"
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจืชื™ "ื™ืืง"
13:02
and go and work on the other side of the island.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™.
13:04
Five years later, come back,
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ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจืชื™,
13:06
and that same bay is now gorgeous. It's beautiful.
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ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื ืจืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื”ื“ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื”ืคื”.
13:09
It's got living coral, fish all over the place,
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ืคืชืื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื, ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื”,
13:11
crystal clear water, and you go, "How did that happen?"
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ืžื™ื ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ "ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”?"
13:14
Well, how it happened is
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื– ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื–ื” ืงืจื”
13:16
the local community galvanized.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืชืื—ื“ื”.
13:18
They recognized what was happening on the hillside and put a stop to it;
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ื”ื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื–ื”.
13:21
enacted laws and made permits required
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ื™ืฆืจื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช
13:23
to do responsible construction
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช
13:25
and golf course maintenance
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืฃ
13:27
and stopped the sediments flowing into the bay,
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ื•ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื—ืฃ ืžืœื–ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคืจืฅ,
13:29
and stopped the chemicals flowing into the bay,
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ื•ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžืœื–ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืคืจืฅ,
13:31
and the bay recovered.
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ื•ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืฉืชืงื.
13:33
The ocean has an amazing ability
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ืœืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื•ืคืœืื”
13:35
to recover, if we'll just leave it alone.
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ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืื ืจืง ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
13:38
I think Margaret Mead
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืžื™ื“
13:40
said it best.
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ืืžืจื” ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
13:42
She said that a small group of thoughtful people
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
13:44
could change the world.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:46
Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื ื”.
13:49
And a small group of thoughtful people
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
13:51
changed that bay.
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ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ.
13:53
I'm a big fan of grassroots organizations.
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ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื
13:56
I've been to a lot of lectures
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช
13:58
where, at the end of it, inevitably,
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข.
14:00
one of the first questions that comes up is,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื
14:02
"But, but what can I do?
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"ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
14:04
I'm an individual. I'm one person.
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืื—ื“.
14:06
And these problems are so large and global, and it's just overwhelming."
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™"
14:09
Fair enough question.
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ืฉืืœื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช.
14:11
My answer to that is don't look
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
14:13
at the big, overwhelming issues of the world.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
14:16
Look in your own backyard.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
14:18
Look in your heart, actually.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื”.
14:21
What do you really care about that isn't right where you live?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
14:24
And fix it.
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ื•ืชื ืกื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื•
14:26
Create a healing zone in your neighborhood
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ืชื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš
14:28
and encourage others to do the same.
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ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
14:30
And maybe these healing zones can sprinkle a map,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžืคื”
14:32
little dots on a map.
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ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”
14:34
And in fact, the way that we can communicate today --
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
14:37
where Alaska is instantly knowing what's going on in China,
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ืฉืืœืกืงื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
14:40
and the Kiwis did this, and then over in England they tried to ...
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœ...
14:42
and everybody is talking to everyone else --
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™
14:44
it's not isolated points on a map anymore,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื”,
14:46
it's a network we've created.
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ื–ืืช ืจืฉืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื•.
14:48
And maybe these healing zones can start growing,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืืœื• ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
14:50
and possibly even overlap, and good things can happen.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ืช.
14:53
So that's how I answer that question.
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ืื– ื›ื›ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”.
14:56
Look in your own backyard, in fact, look in the mirror.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืจืื”.
14:59
What can you do that is more responsible
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ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจืื™ืช
15:01
than what you're doing now?
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ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
15:03
And do that, and spread the word.
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ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืชืคื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื”.
15:06
The vent community animals
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ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
15:08
can't really do much
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
15:10
about the life and death
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช
15:12
that's going on where they live, but up here we can.
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ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
15:15
In theory, we're thinking, rational human beings.
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ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
15:18
And we can make changes to our behavior
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
15:21
that will influence and affect the environment,
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ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
15:24
like those people changed the health of that bay.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฅ.
15:26
Now, Sylvia's TED Prize wish
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ืช ืคืจืก TED
15:29
was to beseech us to do anything we could,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
15:32
everything we could,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
15:34
to set aside not pin pricks,
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ืœื”ื ื™ื—, ืœื ื“ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื”,
15:36
but significant expanses
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ืืœื ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื
15:38
of the ocean for preservation,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,
15:40
"hope spots," she calls them.
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"ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”" ื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ืœื”ืŸ.
15:42
And I applaud that. I loudly applaud that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”. ืžืื“ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”.
15:46
And it's my hope that some of these "hope spots"
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ื•ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืž"ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”" ื”ืืœื”
15:49
can be in the deep ocean,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก,
15:51
an area that has historically
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ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช,
15:54
been seriously neglected, if not abused.
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ื”ื•ื–ื ื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืื ืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืฆืœ--
15:57
The term "deep six" comes to mind:
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ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื˜ืžื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขื•ืœื”.
15:59
"If it's too big or too toxic for a landfill,
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ืื ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืื• ืจืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืžื ื” ื‘ืื“ืžื”
16:02
deep six it!"
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ื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืœื™ื.
16:04
So, I hope that we can also keep
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ
16:06
some of these "hope spots" in the deep sea.
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ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง.
16:09
Now, I don't get a wish,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืืœื”,
16:12
but I certainly can say
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ
16:15
that I will do anything I can
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ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
16:17
to support Sylvia Earle's wish.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื‘ื™ื” ืืจืœืก.
16:19
And that I do.
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ื•ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
16:21
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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