Josh Silver demos adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses

47,213 views ・ 2009-09-01

TED


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翻译人员: Mengyu Yao 校对人员: Yuan Zhao
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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我将要说的,是现今世界最大的问题之一
00:23
and how it can be solved.
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以及解决它的方法
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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我想以一个小实验开场
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的请举手
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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或者做过激光屈光手术的
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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麻烦了,人太多了我都数不过来了
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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但是我估计,举手的人大概占60%
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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因为这差不多就是做过视力矫正的人
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
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在发达国家的比例
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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世界卫生组织评估过
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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他们通过不同的方式评估过需要戴眼镜的人数
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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最少也得有一亿五千万人
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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还有的估计是差不多10亿
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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但是事实上,我们在这里刚刚统计了一次
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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说明世界上有差不多一半的人
01:27
is around half of any population.
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需要佩戴眼镜
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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视力差,实际上不仅仅是个健康问题
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
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它还是教育问题
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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经济问题,生活质量的问题
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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眼镜不贵,也不紧缺
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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问题在于,没有足够的眼科方面的专业人士
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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会使用我们在发达国家中所用的
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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视力矫正器
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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眼科护理专家实在是太少了
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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幻灯片上表示的是一位验光师
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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一个蓝色小人代表大约一万人
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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这是在英国的比例
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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这是在撒哈拉以南非洲中验光师占总人口的比例
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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事实上,有一些撒哈拉以南非洲的国家
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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八百万人里只有一个验光师
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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怎么办?怎么解决这个问题?
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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我有个办法
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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这个方法是基于自适应光学的
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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自己做眼镜,自己调整
02:45
and that solves the problem.
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这样问题就解决了
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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我接下来给你们演示自己如何做副眼镜
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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我来给你们演示一下,我把它放在口袋里
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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我近视,几乎看不到最后排的标志
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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这样,好了,我能看见有个人跑出去了
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
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我还能看见那边有个人跑出去了
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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我通过自己诊断,做了副处方眼镜
03:18
Next step in my process.
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接下来要这么做
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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我给自己诊断,做了副眼镜
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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好,这个眼镜...
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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...只要自己就行
03:39
... I've just ...
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就快好了
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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这就是我自己做的眼镜
03:54
(Applause)
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(掌声)
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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这副眼镜不是独一无二的
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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事实上,这种技术一直在发展
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
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我从1985年开始从事这个工作
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
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这项技术发展得非常缓慢
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
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现在世界上有大约三万人在使用
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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他们分布在十五个国家,遍布全世界
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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我有个梦想,想要跟大家分享
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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一个关于视力的全球性的梦想
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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就是让十亿人
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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到2020年,能带上这种眼镜
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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要实现这个梦想----这只是个早期演示品
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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现在技术已经大幅进步了
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
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必须减小成本
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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这副眼镜,事实上,成本大约19美元
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
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但成本必须降下来
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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之所以要控制成本,是因为我们服务的人群
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
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是日均消费水平只有1美元的人
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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怎么办?
04:57
You start to get into detail.
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你得从细节着手
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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这里我简要的介绍下可能遇到的各种问题
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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怎么运输?怎么教人如何使用?
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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怎么让人们意识到他们有视力问题?
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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怎么处理工业生产的问题?
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
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答案就是研究
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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我们已经建立了发展中国家视力中心
05:22
here in the university.
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在这所大学里
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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如果想进一步了解,请登录我们的网站。谢谢。
05:27
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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