Josh Silver demos adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses

47,347 views ใƒป 2009-09-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
0
19330
4000
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
00:23
and how it can be solved.
1
23330
4000
ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
2
27330
4000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
3
31330
6000
ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื ืื ืืชื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื’ืข,
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
4
37330
3000
ืื• ืื ืขื‘ืจืชื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืœื”ืกืจืช ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื?
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
5
40330
7000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืจืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
6
47330
5000
ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉ- ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ- ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
7
52330
6000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
8
58330
3000
ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื™ื”.
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
9
62330
5000
ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš-
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
10
67330
4000
ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืงืคื™ื-
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
11
71330
4000
ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
12
75330
4000
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
13
79330
4000
ืื‘ืœ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืจื›ื ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™,
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
14
83330
4000
ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืชืงื ืช
01:27
is around half of any population.
15
87330
4000
ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
16
91330
7000
ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื” ืœืงื•ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช,
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
17
98330
3000
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช,
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
18
101330
6000
ื•ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
19
107330
5000
ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ืงืจื™ื. ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข.
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
20
112330
7000
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
21
119330
4000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืจืื™ื”
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
22
123330
2000
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—.
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
23
125330
3000
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื.
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
24
128330
3000
ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžืจืื” ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืกื˜
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
25
131330
5000
ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื›10,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
26
136330
2000
ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
27
138330
5000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”.
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
28
143330
2000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
29
145330
6000
ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
30
151330
4000
ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”? ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
31
155330
3000
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
32
158330
3000
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื ืช.
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
33
161330
4000
ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžืš
02:45
and that solves the problem.
34
165330
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
35
167330
8000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื.
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
36
175330
6000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื. ืืฉื™ื ืืช ืืœื• ื‘ื›ื™ืก.
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
37
181330
5000
ืื ื™ ืงืฆืจ-ืจื•ืื™. ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
38
186330
4000
ืื–- ืื•ืงื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉื,
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
39
191330
2000
ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉื.
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
40
193330
3000
ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืจืฉื ืฉืœื™.
03:18
Next step in my process.
41
198330
3000
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
42
201330
4000
ืื–, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืจืื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืจืฉื.
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
43
206330
4000
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•...
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
44
212330
5000
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืจืฉื ืฉืœื™ ื•...
03:39
... I've just ...
45
219330
2000
..ืื ื™ ืจืง..
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
46
231330
3000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”.
03:54
(Applause)
47
234330
7000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
48
241330
4000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืœื• ืœื ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
49
245330
3000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
50
248330
3000
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘1985,
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
51
251330
3000
ื•ืžืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื˜ื™ืช.
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
52
254330
2000
ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 30,000 ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
53
256330
4000
ื‘ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
54
260330
3000
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื.
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
55
263330
3000
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืื™ื”.
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
56
266330
5000
ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
57
271330
5000
ื™ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2020.
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
58
276330
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช- ื–ื• ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
59
279330
2000
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“-
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
60
281330
2000
ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจื“ืช.
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
61
283330
5000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืจื’ืข ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 19 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
62
288330
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจื“ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
63
290330
3000
ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
64
293330
2000
ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
65
295330
2000
ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?
04:57
You start to get into detail.
66
297330
2000
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจื“ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื.
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
67
299330
5000
ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
68
304330
4000
ืื™ืš ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื? ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื?
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
69
308330
4000
ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื?
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
70
312330
2000
ืื™ืš ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”?
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
71
314330
4000
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืงืจ.
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
72
318330
4000
ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืจืื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
05:22
here in the university.
73
322330
2000
ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
74
324330
3000
ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
05:27
(Applause)
75
327330
2000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7