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譯者: Marie Wu
審譯者: Terry Lin
00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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我要告訴各位一個目前世人所面對的嚴重問題
00:23
and how it can be solved.
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以及如何解決這個問題
00:27
I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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在開始前,我想先進行一個實驗
00:31
Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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如果你有戴眼鏡或隱形眼鏡,請你把手舉起來
00:37
or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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或是有做過雷射視力矯正手術?
00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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嗯,舉手的人數很多,我沒有辦法做很精確的統計
00:47
But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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但是看起來,我猜,舉手的人大約佔百分之六十
00:52
because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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因為這大約就是在已開發國家中
00:58
that have some sort of vision correction.
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做過視力矯正的比例
01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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世界衛生組織估計
01:07
well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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嗯,針對眼鏡的需求,他們做過各式各樣的估計
01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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最保守的估計約有一億五千萬人需要眼鏡
01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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最高的估計是十億人
01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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但是事實上,就我們剛才所做的實驗來看
01:23
which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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需要矯正視力的人口
01:27
is around half of any population.
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約佔全世界人口的一半以上
01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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視力的問題,不僅僅是健康的問題
01:38
it's also an educational problem,
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還是教育問題
01:41
and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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也是經濟問題,更是生活品質的問題
01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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玻璃並不貴,而且產量不虞匱乏
01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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問題是沒有足夠的專業人員
01:59
to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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能夠運用現在已開發國家
02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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所提供的視力矯正方案
02:05
There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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問題就只在於專業人員太少
02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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現在投影片上所顯示的是一個驗光師
02:11
and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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藍色的小人代表一萬個人
02:16
and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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這是英國的比例
02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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這是一個驗光師在非洲撒哈拉沙漠服務人數的比例
02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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事實上,在非洲撒哈拉沙漠的某些國家裡
02:25
where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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有些驗光師得一個人服務八百萬人
02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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你會怎麼做?你會怎麼解決這個問題?
02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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我想到一個方法
02:38
and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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我想到利用可調式光學鏡片來解決這個問題
02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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也就是你自己製作眼鏡,自己調整度數
02:45
and that solves the problem.
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這樣就解決問題了
02:47
What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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我要做的是讓你們知道,自己也可以做出一副眼鏡
02:55
I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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我會告訴你們如何製作一副眼鏡,我先把這個放進口袋
03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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我有近視,我看得到走道盡頭有些標誌,但我看不清楚
03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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但現在,我能看到一個人往這邊跑
03:11
and I can see that guy running out there.
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也看到另一個人往那邊跑
03:13
I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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現在我可以為自己找出適合的鏡片度數
03:18
Next step in my process.
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下一步是...
03:21
So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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我有適合自己的度數的眼鏡了
03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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好了,我做出眼鏡了
03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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好了,我調整好度數了
03:39
... I've just ...
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就像我剛才做的
03:51
And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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我已經製作出自己的眼鏡了,就像這樣
03:54
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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這可不是世界上唯一的一副自製眼鏡
04:05
In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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事實上,這個技術已經改良很多了
04:08
I started working on it in 1985,
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我從1985年開始研究自製眼鏡
04:11
and it's been evolving very slowly.
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進度其實很緩慢
04:14
There are about 30,000 in use now.
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現在已有三萬人在使用了
04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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遍及十五個國家,目前正在世界上其他國家推廣
04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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我有一個願望,希望與你們分享
04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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我希望能改善世人的視力問題
04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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我希望能有十億人
04:31
wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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在2020年前,戴上他們需要的眼鏡
04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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目前這只是這項科技的初期樣品
04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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這項科技已經又改良了
04:41
the cost has to be brought down.
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成本也被降低了
04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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這副眼鏡目前的成本是19美金
04:48
But the cost has to be brought right down.
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但我們必須將成本再壓低
04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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成本需要再降低的原因是我們希望服務的對象
04:53
who live on a dollar a day.
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每天的生活費只有1美金
04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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該怎麼解決這個問題呢?
04:57
You start to get into detail.
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有一大堆的細節要處理
04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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這張投影片上所顯示的,是目前我們所遭遇到的問題
05:04
How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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該怎麼配送?該怎麼組裝這副眼鏡?
05:08
How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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你怎麼讓其他人瞭解他們有視力問題?
05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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怎麼解決工業生產的問題?
05:14
And the answer to that is research.
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所有的問題都需要靠研究來解決。
05:18
What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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我們已經在開發中國家的大學裡
05:22
here in the university.
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設立了視力改善中心
05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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若你想得到更多訊息,請上我們的網站查詢,謝謝
05:27
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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