Josh Silver demos adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses

47,213 views ・ 2009-09-01

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:19
I'm going to tell you about one of the world's largest problems
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and how it can be solved.
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I'd like to start with a little experiment.
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Could you put your hand up if you wear glasses or contact lenses,
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or you've had laser refractive surgery?
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00:40
Now, unfortunately, there are too many of you for me to do the statistics properly.
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But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room
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because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population
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that have some sort of vision correction.
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01:02
The World Health Organization estimates --
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well, they make various estimates of the number of people who need glasses --
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01:11
the lowest estimate is 150 million people.
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01:15
They also have an estimate of around a billion.
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01:19
But in fact, I would argue that we've just done an experiment here and now,
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which shows us that the global need for corrective eyewear
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is around half of any population.
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01:31
And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem,
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it's also an educational problem,
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and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem.
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01:47
Glasses are not very expensive. They're quite plentiful.
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01:52
The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world
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to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear
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02:03
that we have in the developed world.
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There are just way too few eye care professionals.
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02:08
So this little slide here shows you an optometrist
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and the little blue person represents about 10,000 people
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and that's the ratio in the U.K.
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02:18
This is the ratio of optometrists to people in sub-Saharan Africa.
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02:23
In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa
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where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population.
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02:31
How do you do this? How do you solve this problem?
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02:35
I came up with a solution to this problem,
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and I came up with a solution based on adaptive optics for this.
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02:41
And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself
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and that solves the problem.
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What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses.
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I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. I shall pop this in my pocket.
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03:01
I'm short sighted. I look at the signs at the end, I can hardly see them.
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03:06
So -- okay, I can now see that man running out there,
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and I can see that guy running out there.
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I've now made prescription eyewear to my prescription.
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Next step in my process.
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So, I've now made eye glasses to my prescription.
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03:26
Okay, so I've made these glasses and ...
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03:32
Okay, I've made the glasses to my prescription and ...
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... I've just ...
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And I've now made some glasses. That's it.
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03:54
(Applause)
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04:01
Now, these aren't the only pair in the world.
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In fact, this technology's been evolving.
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I started working on it in 1985,
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and it's been evolving very slowly.
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There are about 30,000 in use now.
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04:16
And they're in fifteen countries. They're spread around the world.
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04:20
And I have a vision, which I'll share with you.
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04:23
I have a global vision for vision.
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04:26
And that vision is to try to get a billion people
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wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.
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04:36
To do that -- this is an early example of the technology.
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04:39
The technology is being further developed --
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the cost has to be brought down.
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04:43
This pair, in fact, these currently cost about 19 dollars.
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But the cost has to be brought right down.
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04:50
It has to be brought down because we're trying to serve populations
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who live on a dollar a day.
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04:55
How do you solve this problem?
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04:57
You start to get into detail.
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04:59
And on this slide, I'm basically explaining all the problems you have.
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How do you distribute? How do you work out how to fit the thing?
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How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?
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05:12
How do you deal with the industry?
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And the answer to that is research.
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What we've done is to set up the Center for Vision in the Developing World
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here in the university.
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05:24
If you want to know more, just come have a look at our website. Thank you.
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05:27
(Applause)
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