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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Yi Shao
校对人员: Candice Wang
00:16
I want to talk to you today
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今天我想与你们分享
00:18
about a difficult topic
that is close to me,
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一个与我息息相关的尖锐话题,
00:21
and closer than you might realize to you.
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也许你们没有意识到,它其实也十分贴近你们的生活。
二十一年前我来到英国
00:26
I came to the UK 21 years ago,
as an asylum-seeker.
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寻求庇护。
00:32
I was 21.
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那时我二十一岁
作为一名学生活动家
00:34
I was forced to leave
the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
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00:38
my home, where I was a student activist.
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我被迫离开我的祖国刚果民主共和国。
我希望我的孩子能够见到
00:44
I would love my children to be able
to meet my family in the Congo.
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我在刚果的家人。
00:51
But I want to tell you
what the Congo has got to do with you.
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但今天我要说的是刚果和你们的关系。
00:56
But first of all,
I want you to do me a favor.
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首先,我想请大家帮我一个忙。
01:00
Can you all please reach into your pockets
and take out your mobile phone?
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请各位把手伸进口袋里
拿出你们的手机。
感受一下那熟悉的重量,
01:09
Feel that familiar weight ...
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01:13
how naturally your finger
slides towards the buttons.
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手指滑向按键时是多么自然。
01:16
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
你能想象没有手机的生活吗?
01:20
Can you imagine your world without it?
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它将我们和海内外的爱人、
01:22
It connects us to our loved ones,
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01:24
our family, friends and colleagues,
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家人、朋友和同事
01:28
at home and overseas.
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联系在一起。
它是世界内部相互联通的标志。
01:31
It is a symbol of an interconnected world.
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01:35
But what you hold in your hand
leaves a bloody trail,
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然而你手中的手机其实沾满斑斑血迹,
这一切始于一种矿物:钽
01:41
and it all boils down to a mineral:
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用于提取该矿物的钶钽铁矿是在刚果开采的。
01:45
tantalum, mined in the Congo as coltan.
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01:49
It is an anticorrosive heat conductor.
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钽是一种抗腐蚀的导热体。
01:53
It stores energy in our mobile phones,
PlayStations and laptops.
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在我们的手机、游戏机和笔记本电脑中
被用于储存能量。
在航空和医疗领域被用来
02:00
It is used in aerospace
and medical equipment as an alloy.
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制作合金。
02:06
It is so powerful
that we only need tiny amounts.
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钽的性能非常优良
因此用量很小。
02:11
It would be great
if the story ended there.
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这个故事如果就此结束就可谓皆大欢喜。
02:15
Unfortunately, what you hold in your hand
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不幸的是,你手中的手机
不仅带来了惊人的技术进步
02:19
has not only enabled incredible
technological development
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02:24
and industrial expansion,
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和产业扩张,
02:27
but it has also contributed
to unimaginable human suffering.
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也带来了超乎一般人想象的
痛苦与折磨。
02:33
Since 1996,
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1996年以来,刚果民主共和国境内
02:36
over five million people have died
in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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有五百多万人死亡。
02:42
Countless women, men and children
have been raped, tortured or enslaved.
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无数的女人、男人和小孩
被强奸、折磨、被迫成为奴隶。
02:50
Rape is used as a weapon of war,
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强奸成为了一种武器,
用来散播恐惧
02:53
instilling fear
and depopulating whole areas.
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减少整个地区的人口。
02:58
The quest for extracting this mineral
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对这种矿物的开采
没有缓解,反而让
03:02
has not only aided, but it has fueled
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刚果内战愈演愈烈。
03:07
the ongoing war in the Congo.
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03:12
But don't throw away your phones yet.
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不过暂时不要扔掉你的手机。
03:15
Thirty thousand children are enlisted
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三万儿童被迫加入武装组织
参与战斗。
03:20
and are made to fight in armed groups.
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在全球健康和贫富排行榜上
03:25
The Congo consistently scores dreadfully
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03:29
in global health and poverty rankings.
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刚果的得分一直糟糕的吓人。
03:33
But remarkably,
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然而根据联合国环境保护署的估计,
03:35
the UN Environmental Programme
has estimated the wealth of the country
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刚果居然拥有价值
两千四百亿美元的财富。
03:41
to be over 24 trillion dollars.
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国家管理的开采已经崩溃,
03:51
The state-regulated mining
industry has collapsed,
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钽矿的控制权
03:55
and control over mines has splintered.
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分崩离析。
03:58
Coltan is easily controlled
by armed groups.
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钶钽铁矿很容易被武装组织控制。
卢旺达边界是一条著名的
04:03
One well-known illicit trade route
is that across the border to Rwanda,
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非法贸易路线,
04:08
where Congolese tantalum
is disguised as Rwandan.
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来自刚果的钽被伪装成卢旺达的矿产。
不过还是不要扔掉你们的手机,
04:13
But don't throw away your phones yet,
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04:16
because the incredible irony
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因为这其中的关系有些讽刺
04:18
is that the technology
that has placed such unsustainable,
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手机通讯给刚果带来的是不具可持续性的开发
04:22
devastating demands on the Congo
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和巨大的伤害
然而也正是这项技术
04:25
is the same technology that has brought
this situation to our attention.
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引起了我们对这些问题的重视。
我们对刚果
04:32
We only know so much about the situation
in the Congo and in the mines
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和钽矿情况的了解
04:37
because of the kind of communication
the mobile phone allows.
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都来自手机通讯
传递的信息。
04:43
As with the Arab Spring,
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和阿拉伯之春一样,
04:45
during the recent elections in the Congo,
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在刚果最近的选举中,
选民可以通过短信
04:49
voters were able to send text messages
of local polling stations
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将地方选举站的情况发往
04:55
to the headquarters
in the capital, Kinshasa.
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位于首都金沙萨的总部,
04:59
And in the wake of the result,
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选举结果公布之后
05:05
the diaspora has joined
with the Carter Center,
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各地的群众立刻与卡特中心
基督教教会和其它观察机构一起
05:09
the Catholic Church and other observers,
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呼吁世界关注选举中的不民主现象。
05:12
to draw attention
to the undemocratic result.
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手机是世界各地的人民
05:17
The mobile phone has given
people around the world
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05:22
an important tool towards gaining
their political freedom.
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争取政治自由的重要工具。
05:28
It has truly revolutionized the way
we communicate on the planet.
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它彻底变革了
人类沟通的方式。
它促进了
05:34
It has allowed momentous
political change to take place.
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重大政治变革的发生。
05:39
So, we are faced with a paradox.
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因此
我们深处一个两难境地。
05:45
The mobile phone
is an instrument of freedom
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手机既能带来自由
05:49
and an instrument of oppression.
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又会引起压迫。
TED一直赞赏技术,
05:55
TED has always celebrated
what technology can do for us,
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成熟的技术,
06:01
technology in its finished form.
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对我们生活的改善。
06:04
It is time to be asking questions
about technology.
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然而现在我们也要
提出与技术有关的问题。
一项技术来自何方?
06:10
Where does it come from?
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06:12
Who makes it?
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由谁制造?
为何存在?
06:15
And for what?
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06:17
Here, I am speaking directly to you,
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现场的TED观众、
来自刚果或是世界各地
06:21
the TED community,
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06:23
and to all those who might
be watching on a screen,
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通过屏幕或者手机观看的人们
06:26
on your phone, across the world,
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今天
06:30
in the Congo.
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我与你们直接交流。
06:32
All the technology is in place
for us to communicate,
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技术给我们相互沟通的机会,
技术让我们传递这样的信息。
06:37
and all the technology is in place
to communicate this.
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现在
06:44
At the moment,
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06:45
there is no clear fair-trade solution.
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我们还没有找到保证贸易公平的明确措施,
06:50
But there has been
a huge amount of progress.
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但在这一方面已经取得了显著的进展。
06:53
The US has recently passed legislation
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美国近期通过了
06:57
to target bribery
and misconduct in the Congo.
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意在整治刚果境内的贿赂和不法现象的有关法律。
07:01
Recent UK legislation
could be used in the same way.
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英国最近通过的法律也有类似的功效。
07:06
In February, Nokia unveiled its new policy
on sourcing minerals in the Congo,
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2月,诺基亚公布了有关
在刚果境内采矿的最新政策
07:13
and there is a petition to Apple
to make a conflict-free iPhone.
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也有人向苹果请愿
要求他们制造不涉及冲突的iPhone手机。
07:21
There are campaigns spreading
across university campuses
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大学里也兴起了广泛的
建立无冲突校园的
07:26
to make their colleges conflict-free.
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宣传活动。
07:29
But we're not there yet.
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然而我们的使命尚未完成。
07:31
We need to continue
mounting pressure on phone companies
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我们必须继续向
手机制造商施压
07:37
to change their sourcing processes.
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要求他们改变获取原料的流程。
07:41
When I first came to the UK, 21 years ago,
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21年前,我刚刚来到英国的时候
07:45
I was homesick.
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非常想家。
07:47
I missed my family
and the friends I left behind.
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我想念留在国内的家人和朋友。
07:53
Communication was extremely difficult.
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和他们联系非常困难。
07:56
Sending and receiving
letters took months --
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书信往来往往需要好几个月。
08:00
if you were lucky.
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信件常常丢失,运气好的时候才能收到。
08:01
Often, they never arrived.
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即便我能付得起
08:05
Even if I could have afforded
the phone bills home,
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打电话回家的费用,
08:10
like most people in the Congo,
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和大多数刚果人一样
08:13
my parents did not own a phone line.
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我的父母没有电话。
08:17
Today, my two sons --
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如今,我的两个儿子
大卫和丹尼尔
08:23
David and Daniel,
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08:25
can talk to my parents
and get to know them.
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可以和我的父母交流,并了解他们。
我们为什么要让
08:33
Why should we allow
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08:35
such a wonderful, brilliant
and necessary product
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如此美好、优秀、必要的产品
08:42
to be the cause of unnecessary suffering
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成为不必要的人类痛苦的
08:46
for human beings?
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源头?
08:49
We demand fair-trade food
and fair-trade clothes.
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我们在食品、服装等方面
要求公平贸易。
08:54
It is time to demand fair-trade phones.
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现在是倡导手机公平贸易的时候了。
08:59
This is an idea worth spreading.
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这是一个值得传播的理念。谢谢。
09:03
Thank you.
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(掌声)
09:04
(Applause)
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