Bandi Mbubi: Demand a fair trade cell phone

30,009 views ใƒป 2012-09-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Nir Bibi
00:16
I want to talk to you today
1
16407
1939
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
00:18
about a difficult topic that is close to me,
2
18370
3263
ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืื•ื‘ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื™ื‘ื™,
00:21
and closer than you might realize to you.
3
21657
3085
ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื›ื ืืœื™ื›ื.
ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ 21 ืฉื ื™ื
00:26
I came to the UK 21 years ago, as an asylum-seeker.
4
26313
5282
ื›ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืงืœื˜.
00:32
I was 21.
5
32306
1293
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 21.
ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
00:34
I was forced to leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
6
34210
3855
00:38
my home, where I was a student activist.
7
38089
3118
ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
00:44
I would love my children to be able to meet my family in the Congo.
8
44096
3838
ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•.
00:51
But I want to tell you what the Congo has got to do with you.
9
51355
3735
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื• ืืœื™ื›ื.
00:56
But first of all, I want you to do me a favor.
10
56481
3728
ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
01:00
Can you all please reach into your pockets and take out your mobile phone?
11
60549
5277
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื
ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื›ื?
ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:09
Feel that familiar weight ...
12
69079
1929
01:13
how naturally your finger slides towards the buttons.
13
73683
3167
ืื™ืš ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื—ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื.
01:16
(Laughter)
14
76874
2192
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื›ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•?
01:20
Can you imagine your world without it?
15
80074
2179
ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
01:22
It connects us to our loved ones,
16
82277
2484
01:24
our family, friends and colleagues,
17
84785
3619
ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:28
at home and overseas.
18
88428
2593
ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื.
ื–ื” ื”ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ.
01:31
It is a symbol of an interconnected world.
19
91045
2738
01:35
But what you hold in your hand leaves a bloody trail,
20
95618
5822
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื,
ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื ืจืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื:
01:41
and it all boils down to a mineral:
21
101464
2758
ื˜ื ื˜ืœื•ื, ื”ื ื›ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื• ื›ืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ.
01:45
tantalum, mined in the Congo as coltan.
22
105349
4011
01:49
It is an anticorrosive heat conductor.
23
109676
2897
ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื—ื•ื ืื ื˜ื™-ืงื•ืจื•ื–ื™ื‘ื™.
01:53
It stores energy in our mobile phones, PlayStations and laptops.
24
113176
6281
ื”ื•ื ืื•ื’ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืคืœื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืจืคื•ืื”
02:00
It is used in aerospace and medical equipment as an alloy.
25
120076
5715
ื›ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช.
02:06
It is so powerful that we only need tiny amounts.
26
126370
4122
ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฆืžืชื™
ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืžื ื•.
02:11
It would be great if the story ended there.
27
131603
3081
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ.
02:15
Unfortunately, what you hold in your hand
28
135469
3654
ืœืฆืขืจื™, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื›ื
ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื ืจืง ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื
02:19
has not only enabled incredible technological development
29
139147
5713
02:24
and industrial expansion,
30
144884
2833
ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
02:27
but it has also contributed to unimaginable human suffering.
31
147741
4742
ืืœื ื’ื ืชืจื ืœืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™
ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืชืืจ.
02:33
Since 1996,
32
153348
2707
ืžืื– 1996, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-5 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื•
02:36
over five million people have died in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
33
156079
5670
ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื•.
02:42
Countless women, men and children have been raped, tortured or enslaved.
34
162298
6797
ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
ืฉื ืื ืกื•, ืขื•ื ื• ืื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:50
Rape is used as a weapon of war,
35
170336
2803
ืื•ื ืก ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื ืฉืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”,
ืžื—ื“ื™ืจ ืคื—ื“ ื•ืžื•ืจื
02:53
instilling fear and depopulating whole areas.
36
173163
4809
ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื.
02:58
The quest for extracting this mineral
37
178639
3947
ื”ืžืกืข ืœื”ืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ
ืœื ืจืง ืชืจื, ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื™ื“ืœืง,
03:02
has not only aided, but it has fueled
38
182610
4659
ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืงื ื’ื•.
03:07
the ongoing war in the Congo.
39
187293
3657
03:12
But don't throw away your phones yet.
40
192535
2351
ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื–ืจืงื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:15
Thirty thousand children are enlisted
41
195929
4086
ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืืœืฃ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื™ื™ืกื™ื
ื•ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฉื•ืช.
03:20
and are made to fight in armed groups.
42
200039
3150
ืงื•ื ื’ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื
03:25
The Congo consistently scores dreadfully
43
205418
3957
03:29
in global health and poverty rankings.
44
209399
3036
ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
03:33
But remarkably,
45
213927
1453
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื
03:35
the UN Environmental Programme has estimated the wealth of the country
46
215404
5696
ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ื‘-24 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
03:41
to be over 24 trillion dollars.
47
221124
5043
ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงืจืกื”
03:51
The state-regulated mining industry has collapsed,
48
231286
3859
ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื•ืช
03:55
and control over mines has splintered.
49
235169
3665
ื”ืชืคืฆืœื”.
03:58
Coltan is easily controlled by armed groups.
50
238858
3448
ืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ ื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฉื•ืช.
ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื—ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
04:03
One well-known illicit trade route is that across the border to Rwanda,
51
243306
5184
ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
04:08
where Congolese tantalum is disguised as Rwandan.
52
248514
3806
ืฉื ื˜ื ื˜ืœื•ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื• ืžื•ืกื•ื•ื” ื›ื˜ื ื˜ืœื•ื ืจื•ืื ื“ื™.
ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื–ืจืงื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:13
But don't throw away your phones yet,
53
253471
2646
04:16
because the incredible irony
54
256141
2833
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื
04:18
is that the technology that has placed such unsustainable,
55
258998
3344
ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช
04:22
devastating demands on the Congo
56
262366
3005
ื•ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
04:25
is the same technology that has brought this situation to our attention.
57
265395
6246
ืฉื”ืกื™ื˜ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘.
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•
04:32
We only know so much about the situation in the Congo and in the mines
58
272061
4920
ื•ื‘ืžื›ืจื•ืช
04:37
because of the kind of communication the mobile phone allows.
59
277005
4719
ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
ืฉืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
04:43
As with the Arab Spring,
60
283485
2278
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™,
04:45
during the recent elections in the Congo,
61
285787
3337
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜
04:49
voters were able to send text messages of local polling stations
62
289148
6049
ืขืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™
04:55
to the headquarters in the capital, Kinshasa.
63
295221
3468
ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื”, ืงื™ื ืฉืืกื”,
04:59
And in the wake of the result,
64
299933
3333
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช,
05:05
the diaspora has joined with the Carter Center,
65
305287
3697
ื”ืคื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ืงืจื˜ืจ,
ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
05:09
the Catholic Church and other observers,
66
309008
3357
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืœื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.
05:12
to draw attention to the undemocratic result.
67
312389
3515
ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
05:17
The mobile phone has given people around the world
68
317492
5415
05:22
an important tool towards gaining their political freedom.
69
322931
4277
ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:28
It has truly revolutionized the way we communicate on the planet.
70
328225
4987
ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื ืœืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื”
ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:34
It has allowed momentous political change to take place.
71
334116
4280
ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
05:39
So, we are faced with a paradox.
72
339832
4101
ืื ื›ืŸ,
ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก.
05:45
The mobile phone is an instrument of freedom
73
345763
4043
ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช
05:49
and an instrument of oppression.
74
349830
3097
ื•ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™.
TED ืชืžื™ื“
05:55
TED has always celebrated what technology can do for us,
75
355275
6371
ื—ื’ื’ ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•,
06:01
technology in its finished form.
76
361670
2531
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ืžืจ.
06:04
It is time to be asking questions about technology.
77
364225
5842
ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ
ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื”?
06:10
Where does it come from?
78
370091
1611
06:12
Who makes it?
79
372424
1254
ืžื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื”?
ื•ืœืฉื ืžื”?
06:15
And for what?
80
375075
1154
06:17
Here, I am speaking directly to you,
81
377838
3404
ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ื›ื,
ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED,
06:21
the TED community,
82
381266
1739
06:23
and to all those who might be watching on a screen,
83
383029
3792
ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฆืคื• ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืกืš,
06:26
on your phone, across the world,
84
386845
3353
ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:30
in the Congo.
85
390222
1356
ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•.
06:32
All the technology is in place for us to communicate,
86
392737
4270
ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืฉืจ,
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:37
and all the technology is in place to communicate this.
87
397031
3663
ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
06:44
At the moment,
88
404019
1876
06:45
there is no clear fair-trade solution.
89
405919
3488
ืื™ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืกื—ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
06:50
But there has been a huge amount of progress.
90
410547
2868
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”.
06:53
The US has recently passed legislation
91
413927
3628
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื•ืงืงื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื
06:57
to target bribery and misconduct in the Congo.
92
417579
3824
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•.
07:01
Recent UK legislation could be used in the same way.
93
421427
3909
ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ื•ืžื”.
07:06
In February, Nokia unveiled its new policy on sourcing minerals in the Congo,
94
426986
6255
ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืงื™ื” ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื”
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื•,
07:13
and there is a petition to Apple to make a conflict-free iPhone.
95
433265
6868
ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืœ- Apple
ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ iPhone ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ืขื™ืžื•ืช.
07:21
There are campaigns spreading across university campuses
96
441752
4361
ื™ืฉื ื ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื
ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืงืžืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช
07:26
to make their colleges conflict-free.
97
446137
2759
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’'ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื.
07:29
But we're not there yet.
98
449595
1460
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืฉื.
07:31
We need to continue mounting pressure on phone companies
99
451753
6019
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
07:37
to change their sourcing processes.
100
457796
2561
ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
07:41
When I first came to the UK, 21 years ago,
101
461766
3744
ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ 21 ืฉื ื”,
07:45
I was homesick.
102
465534
1314
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื›ื ืขืงื‘ ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื™ ืœืžื•ืœื“ืชื™.
07:47
I missed my family and the friends I left behind.
103
467903
4073
ื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืืจืชื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
07:53
Communication was extremely difficult.
104
473105
2997
ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:56
Sending and receiving letters took months --
105
476727
3704
ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืืจื›ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:00
if you were lucky.
106
480455
1506
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœ. ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•.
08:01
Often, they never arrived.
107
481985
1729
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™
08:05
Even if I could have afforded the phone bills home,
108
485432
5343
ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
08:10
like most people in the Congo,
109
490799
2392
ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
08:13
my parents did not own a phone line.
110
493215
3015
ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื• ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
08:17
Today, my two sons --
111
497246
2849
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™
ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ
08:23
David and Daniel,
112
503668
2054
08:25
can talk to my parents and get to know them.
113
505746
4566
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื.
ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช
08:33
Why should we allow
114
513177
2786
08:35
such a wonderful, brilliant and necessary product
115
515987
6895
ืฉืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ื” ื ืคืœื, ื’ืื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
08:42
to be the cause of unnecessary suffering
116
522906
3935
ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืกื‘ืœ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ
08:46
for human beings?
117
526865
1190
ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื?
08:49
We demand fair-trade food and fair-trade clothes.
118
529992
4464
ืื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ
ื•ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื.
08:54
It is time to demand fair-trade phones.
119
534892
4047
ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.
08:59
This is an idea worth spreading.
120
539718
2736
ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:03
Thank you.
121
543113
1158
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:04
(Applause)
122
544295
6432
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7