请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Tingting Zhong
校对人员: Jing Peng
00:12
I was recently traveling
in the Highlands of New Guinea,
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最近,我正在新几内亚高地旅行
00:15
and I was talking with a man
who had three wives.
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我访谈了一位有三个老婆的人
00:18
I asked him, "How many wives
would you like to have?"
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我问他:“你想要多少个老婆?”
00:22
And there was this long pause,
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他停顿了很长时间
00:23
and I thought to myself,
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我就想
“他会说5个?
00:25
"Is he going to say five?
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00:26
Is he going to say 10?
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还是10个?
或许是25个呢?“”
00:28
Is he going to say 25?"
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00:29
And he leaned towards me
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结果他靠过来
小声说道:“一个都不想要。”
00:31
and he whispered, "None."
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00:32
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
00:35
Eighty-six percent of human societies
permit a man to have several wives:
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当今,86%的人类社会允许
男人有好几个妻子:
00:39
polygyny.
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一夫多妻
但在大多数这些社会中,
00:41
But in the vast majority
of these cultures,
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00:43
only about five or ten percent of men
actually do have several wives.
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有多个妻子的男性仅达5%~10%
00:47
Having several partners
can be a toothache.
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有多个伴侣可是件头疼的事
00:49
In fact, co-wives can
fight with each other,
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事实上,妻子们之间会产生争执
有时甚至会毒害对方的孩子
00:53
sometimes they can even poison
each other's children.
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00:56
And you've got to have
a lot of cows, a lot of goats,
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而且你必须得有很多的牛羊
大量金钱和土地
00:59
a lot of money, a lot of land,
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才能建立起一个妻妾成群的闺房
01:01
in order to build a harem.
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我们是双纽带的种群
01:03
We are a pair-bonding species.
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01:05
Ninety-seven percent of mammals
do not pair up to rear their young;
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97%的哺乳动物不用成双成对地抚育儿女
01:08
human beings do.
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但人类却是这样的
01:10
I'm not suggesting that we're not --
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我并不是建议
人类在性方面无需忠诚彼此
01:13
that we're necessarily
sexually faithful to our partners.
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但在研究了42种文化中的外遇行为之后
01:16
I've looked at adultery in 42 cultures,
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01:18
I understand, actually,
some of the genetics of it,
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我明白了 其中有基因的原因
01:21
and some of the brain circuitry of it.
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而有一些则是大脑回路的问题
01:23
It's very common around the world,
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整个世界都非常普遍
01:25
but we are built to love.
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但爱是我们与生俱来的能力
01:27
How is technology changing love?
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科技改变了爱吗?
01:31
I'm going to say almost not at all.
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我认为没有
01:34
I study the brain.
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我从事大脑研究
我和我的同事们对100多人进行了大脑扫描
01:36
I and my colleagues have put
over 100 people into a brain scanner --
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01:39
people who had just
fallen happily in love,
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包括那些刚刚陷入爱情的人
01:42
people who had just been rejected in love
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在爱情里受挫的人
01:44
and people who are in love long-term.
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以及长期沉浸在爱之中的人
01:46
And it is possible
to remain "in love" long-term.
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是的,长期处于热恋期是有可能的
01:50
And I've long ago maintained
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很早之前我就说过
01:52
that we've evolved three distinctly
different brain systems
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人类在求爱和繁殖过程中
01:55
for mating and reproduction:
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进化出了三个截然不同的大脑系统:
01:57
sex drive,
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性驱动
01:58
feelings of intense romantic love
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感受浓烈的浪漫
02:00
and feelings of deep cosmic
attachment to a long-term partner.
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以及对长期伴侣深层的强烈的依赖感
02:04
And together, these three brain systems --
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这三种大脑系统
02:06
with many other parts of the brain --
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和大脑中的其他部分结合起来
02:09
orchestrate our sexual,
our romantic and our family lives.
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控制着人类性、爱情以及家庭生活
02:14
But they lie way below the cortex,
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但它们深藏在皮层下
02:16
way below the limbic system
where we feel our emotions,
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在边缘系统下,即人类感受情感
发泄情绪的区域
02:21
generate our emotions.
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02:22
They lie in the most primitive parts
of the brain, linked with energy,
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它们位于大脑中最原始的位置
02:27
focus, craving, motivation,
wanting and drive.
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和能量 注意力 渴望度 动力
欲望及能动性相连
02:32
In this case,
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在这里
02:33
the drive to win life's greatest prize:
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便是为了赢得人生最大奖的动力
02:36
a mating partner.
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一位配偶
02:37
They evolved over 4.4 million years ago
among our first ancestors,
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这些大脑系统早在440万年前
就从人类最早的祖先中演化而来
02:42
and they're not going to change
if you swipe left or right on Tinder.
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而不管你怎么在Tinder(社交软件)上滑屏
它们都不会发生变化
02:46
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:48
(Applause)
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(掌声)
02:50
There's no question that technology
is changing the way we court:
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可以肯定的一点是
科技正在改变人类的求爱方式
02:55
emailing, texting,
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电子邮件 短信
02:57
emojis to express your emotions,
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表达情感的符号
02:59
sexting,
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色情短信
03:00
"liking" a photograph, selfies ...
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给照片或自拍点赞...
关于如何求爱有了新的规则和禁忌
03:03
We're seeing new rules
and taboos for how to court.
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03:07
But, you know --
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但是
03:09
is this actually
dramatically changing love?
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这真的彻底改变了爱吗?
03:13
What about the late 1940s,
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来看看上个世纪40年代
那时候汽车刚大行其道
03:16
when the automobile became very popular
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03:18
and we suddenly had rolling bedrooms?
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顿时 人们便有了“可移动卧室”
(笑声)
03:21
(Laughter)
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03:22
How about the introduction
of the birth control pill?
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再来看看引进避孕药的时代
03:27
Unchained from the great threat
of pregnancy and social ruin,
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因为意外怀孕而导致
人生从此惨淡的日子一去不复返
03:32
women could finally express
their primitive and primal sexuality.
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女性终于可以释放她们最原始的性本能
03:37
Even dating sites are not changing love.
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就连征婚网站的出现都没有改变爱
03:40
I'm Chief Scientific Advisor to Match.com,
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我在Match.com作首席科学顾问
03:43
I've been it for 11 years.
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已经11年了
我一直宣导
而工作人员也认同我的意见
03:45
I keep telling them
and they agree with me,
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即这并不是一个征婚网站
03:47
that these are not dating sites,
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03:48
they are introducing sites.
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这是个介绍网站
当你走进酒吧
03:51
When you sit down in a bar,
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03:53
in a coffee house,
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咖啡馆
03:54
on a park bench,
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或坐在公园的长椅时
03:56
your ancient brain snaps into action
like a sleeping cat awakened,
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你的大脑会立即开始反应
就像一只沉睡的猫被唤醒一样
04:01
and you smile
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你开始微笑
04:02
and laugh
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大笑
04:03
and listen
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试着倾听
用那些早在10万年前
我们的祖先就使用的方式来炫耀
04:05
and parade the way our ancestors
did 100,000 years ago.
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04:10
We can give you various people --
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我们可以提供各式各样的对象
04:12
all the dating sites can --
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所有的征婚网站都可以
04:13
but the only real algorithm
is your own human brain.
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但唯一真实的算法却是你的大脑
04:17
Technology is not going to change that.
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科技改变不了这一点
同样它也改变不了你的择偶对象
04:21
Technology is also not going to change
who you choose to love.
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04:25
I study the biology of personality,
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我研究生物心理学
04:28
and I've come to believe
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我开始相信
04:29
that we've evolved four very broad
styles of thinking and behaving,
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人类已经进化出了
四个广义的思考及行为方式,
04:33
linked with the dopamine, serotonin,
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和多巴胺、血清素
04:35
testosterone and estrogen systems.
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睾丸激素和雌激素系统相关联
04:38
So I created a questionnaire
directly from brain science
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于是,基于脑科学原理
我设计了一份问卷
04:42
to measure the degree to which
you express the traits --
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用来衡量人们表达特征的程度-
04:45
the constellation of traits --
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-各种特征-
04:47
linked with each
of these four brain systems.
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与这四种大脑系统的关联性
04:50
I then put that questionnaire
on various dating sites
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在40个国家的各种征婚网站上
04:55
in 40 countries.
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刊登了这份问卷
04:57
Fourteen million or more people
have now taken the questionnaire,
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目前,已有1400多万人参与了问卷调查
05:01
and I've been able to watch
who's naturally drawn to whom.
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我有幸可以观察那些天生相互吸引的人
05:06
And as it turns out,
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结果是
05:07
those who were very expressive
of the dopamine system
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那些多巴胺系统反应活跃的人
05:10
tend to be curious, creative,
spontaneous, energetic --
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更有好奇心,富有创意,自然率真,且精力充沛
05:13
I would imagine there's an awful lot
of people like that in this room --
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我想现场在座肯定有很多人属于这一类型
05:17
they're drawn to people like themselves.
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他们通常被同类人所吸引
好奇且有创意的人需要和同类在一起
05:19
Curious, creative people
need people like themselves.
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05:22
People who are very expressive
of the serotonin system
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那些血清素系统反应活跃的人
05:25
tend to be traditional, conventional,
they follow the rules,
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往往更加传统,遵循惯例与规则,
尊重权威
05:28
they respect authority,
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他们通常笃信宗教
—宗教信仰正属于血清素系统—
05:30
they tend to be religious -- religiosity
is in the serotonin system --
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05:33
and traditional people
go for traditional people.
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传统派自然找传统派的人
05:36
In that way, similarity attracts.
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如此一来 是同类相吸
05:39
In the other two cases, opposites attract.
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而其他两种情况则完全相反
对立性才有吸引力
05:41
People very expressive
of the testosterone system
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睾丸激素系统反应活跃的人
通常善于分析 逻辑思维强 直接 果断
05:44
tend to be analytical,
logical, direct, decisive,
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而他们寻找的是和他们对立的人
05:48
and they go for their opposite:
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05:49
they go for somebody who's high estrogen,
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那些雌激素高的人
05:51
somebody who's got very good verbal skills
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他们语言能力很强,
善于处理人际关系,
05:54
and people skills,
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05:55
who's very intuitive
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凭直觉行事,
05:56
and who's very nurturing
and emotionally expressive.
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且善于照顾他人,且直抒胸怀
06:00
We have natural patterns of mate choice.
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人类择偶有自然模式
06:03
Modern technology is not going
to change who we choose to love.
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现代技术不会改变我们选择的对象
06:09
But technology is producing
one modern trend
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但科技正在制造一种当代潮流
我认为它尤为重要
06:12
that I find particularly important.
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它和选择悖论这一概念相关
06:14
It's associated with the concept
of paradox of choice.
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06:18
For millions of years,
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千万年来,
06:19
we lived in little hunting
and gathering groups.
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人类都生活在小型狩猎及采集社会
那时的人没有机会在社交网站上
06:22
You didn't have the opportunity to choose
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06:24
between 1,000 people on a dating site.
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千里挑一 选择对象
06:28
In fact, I've been studying this recently,
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事实上 从我最近对此的研究来看
06:30
and I actually think there's some
sort of sweet spot in the brain;
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我认为大脑中有某种“最佳状态点”
06:33
I don't know what it is, but apparently,
from reading a lot of the data,
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虽然我并不知道在哪儿
但从大量数据来看
06:37
we can embrace about five
to nine alternatives, and after that,
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人类只能接受大概5~9个选项
在此之后
06:42
you get into what academics
call "cognitive overload,"
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会变成某些学者称的“认知超载”
06:45
and you don't choose any.
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结果是不再做出选择
于是,我想正是由于这种认知超载
06:48
So I've come to think that due
to this cognitive overload,
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06:51
we're ushering in a new form of courtship
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我们引进了一种新型求爱方式
06:54
that I call "slow love."
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我称其为“慢慢爱”
06:57
I arrived at this during
my work with Match.com.
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这些都是我在
Match.com工作时总结出来的
07:01
Every year for the last six years,
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过去六年中
我们做了一项研究 名为“美国单身”
07:03
we've done a study called
"Singles in America."
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07:05
We don't poll the Match population,
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我们民调的对象
不仅针对Match.com的会员
07:07
we poll the American population.
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而是整个美国人口
07:09
We use 5,000-plus people,
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我们调查了5000多人
07:12
a representative sample of Americans
based on the US census.
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这是基于美国统计局的代表性样本
07:16
We've got data now on over 30,000 people,
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目前已收集了超过3万人的数据
07:19
and every single year,
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每年
07:21
I see some of the same patterns.
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我都看到同样的模式
07:24
Every single year when I ask the question,
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向他们提问的结果是
07:27
over 50 percent of people
have had a one-night stand --
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超过50%的人有一夜情的经历
并不一定是上一年
而是他们一生中
07:30
not necessarily last year,
but in their lives --
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07:32
50 percent have had
a friends with benefits
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在他们的有生之年
50%的人曾经和朋友上过床
07:35
during the course of their lives,
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07:36
and over 50 percent have lived
with a person long-term
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超过50%的人在婚前有过
07:40
before marrying.
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长期同居的经历
07:41
Americans think that this is reckless.
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美国人认为这是轻率的行为
07:43
I have doubted that for a long time;
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但我一直不这么认为
07:46
the patterns are too strong.
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毕竟这种模式太普遍
07:48
There's got to be some
Darwinian explanation --
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肯定有某种类似于达尔文生物进化的地方
07:51
Not that many people are crazy.
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总不会是那么多人都丧失了理智?
07:53
And I stumbled, then, on a statistic
that really came home to me.
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结果我发现了一个震惊的数据
07:58
It was a very interesting academic article
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一篇极其有趣的学术文章
08:00
in which I found that 67 percent
of singles in America today
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发现67%的处于长期同居的
08:05
who are living long-term with somebody,
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美国未婚人士
08:08
have not yet married because
they are terrified of divorce.
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之所以还未结婚是因为担心离婚
08:12
They're terrified of the social,
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他们担心离婚后面对的社会
08:14
legal, emotional,
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法律 情感
08:15
economic consequences of divorce.
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以及经济后果
08:18
So I came to realize that I don't think
this is recklessness;
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于是 我认识到这并不是轻率的行为
08:22
I think it's caution.
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而是谨慎
08:24
Today's singles want to know
every single thing about a partner
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如今 人们在结婚之前
08:29
before they wed.
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想对其伴侣的每一个细节了如指掌
08:31
You learn a lot between the sheets,
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同居能让人了解到许多事情
08:33
not only about how somebody makes love,
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不仅是对方的床上功夫
08:35
but whether they're kind,
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而是对方是否善良
08:37
whether they can listen
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是否善于倾听
08:38
and at my age,
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以及 到了我这个年纪所关心的
08:39
whether they've got a sense of humor.
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就是对方是否有幽默感
08:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
当今社会 人们有很多选择
08:43
And in an age where we have
too many choices,
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很少为怀孕或疾病感到担忧
08:47
we have very little fear
of pregnancy and disease
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3262
08:50
and we've got no feeling of shame
for sex before marriage,
189
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且对婚前性行为毫无愧疚感
在这种情况下 人们选择爱得慢一些
08:54
I think people are taking
their time to love.
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3698
08:58
And actually, what's happening is,
191
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1651
而真实情况是
这其实是婚前准备阶段的
09:00
what we're seeing is a real expansion
of the precommitment stage
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09:03
before you tie the knot.
193
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实际延伸
从前 婚姻意味着一段感情的开始
09:06
Where marriage used to be
the beginning of a relationship,
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09:08
now it's the finale.
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而现在 它意味着尾声
09:11
But the human brain --
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但人类大脑
(笑声)
09:13
(Laughter)
197
553177
2009
09:15
The human brain always triumphs,
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1814
人类大脑总是胜出者
如今 在美国
09:17
and indeed, in the United States today,
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1895
09:18
86 percent of Americans
will marry by age 49.
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86%的美国人将在49岁结婚
09:22
And even in cultures around the world
where they're not marrying as often,
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即便在世界上结婚率不高的文化里
最终他们也会和长期伴侣安定下来
09:26
they are settling down eventually
with a long-term partner.
202
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3275
09:29
So it began to occur to me:
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于是 我突然想到:
09:31
during this long extension
of the precommitment stage,
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在这个长期婚前准备期
09:35
if you can get rid of bad
relationships before you marry,
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3173
如果你在婚前摆脱了一段糟糕的情感关系
或许就会有更多美满的婚姻
09:39
maybe we're going to see
more happy marriages.
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2447
09:41
So I did a study of 1,100
married people in America --
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4875
于是,我研究了美国1100位已婚人士
09:46
not on Match.com, of course --
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1727
当然不是在 Match.com上
09:48
and I asked them a lot of questions.
209
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2116
我问了很多问题
09:50
But one of the questions was,
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1507
其中一个是
如果再给你一次机会
你还会选择和现在的伴侣结婚吗?
09:52
"Would you re-marry the person
you're currently married to?"
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09:56
And 81 percent said, "Yes."
212
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81%的人说 会!
10:00
In fact, the greatest change
in modern romance and family life
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事实上 当今的情感和家庭生活最大的变化
不是科技造成的
10:07
is not technology.
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1400
甚至也不是“慢慢爱”的结果
10:09
It's not even slow love.
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1494
而是在全世界范围内
10:11
It's actually women
piling into the job market
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2951
大量女性进入职场的结果
10:14
in cultures around the world.
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1423
10:15
For millions of years,
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1229
几百万年以来
我们的祖先都生活在小型捕猎采集社会
10:17
our ancestors lived
in little hunting and gathering groups.
219
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2970
女性忙于采摘
10:20
Women commuted to work
to gather their fruits and vegetables.
220
620014
2905
10:22
They came home with 60 to 80
percent of the evening meal.
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3510
餐桌上60%~80%的食物是由她们带回来的
10:26
The double-income family was the rule.
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2693
双份收入家庭是一般法则
10:29
And women were regarded
as just as economically, socially
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女性不论在经济 社会 还是性方面
都和男性具有同等的地位
10:33
and sexually powerful as men.
224
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3115
10:36
Then the environment changed
some 10,000 years ago,
225
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3102
然而 大约1万年前 社会发生了变化
10:39
we began to settle down on the farm
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2229
人类开始以农耕为主
10:41
and both men and women
became obliged, really,
227
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3191
男女似乎有义务
10:44
to marry the right person,
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1572
寻找合适的人结婚
10:46
from the right background,
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1430
对方必须有匹配的背景
10:47
from the right religion
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1303
宗教信仰
10:49
and from the right kin
and social and political connections.
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3538
相称的家族 社会及政治关联
10:52
Men's jobs became more important:
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1594
男性的工作变得更为重要
10:54
they had to move the rocks,
fell the trees, plow the land.
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2737
他们必须搬运大石 砍树 耕地
10:57
They brought the produce
to local markets, and came home
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2924
他们把农产品带到市场上卖
换回来同等的钱
11:00
with the equivalent of money.
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1514
11:01
Along with this,
236
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1546
不仅如此,
11:03
we see a rise of a host of beliefs:
237
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2977
各种信仰开始传播
11:06
the belief of virginity at marriage,
238
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2182
坚信婚前必须保持处女身
11:08
arranged marriages --
strictly arranged marriages --
239
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2943
包办婚姻(严格安排的婚姻)
11:11
the belief that the man
is the head of the household,
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2527
坚信男性是一家之主
11:13
that the wife's place is in the home
241
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2239
女性就应该待在家里
11:16
and most important,
242
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1153
更重要的一点
11:17
honor thy husband,
and 'til death do us part.
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3131
女性一生一世必须尊夫
11:20
These are gone.
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1722
所有这些都是过去式 了
11:22
They are going, and in many places,
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2549
有些地方仍有这些现象
但大部分地区
11:24
they are gone.
246
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1388
这些现象都不复存在了
11:26
We are right now in a marriage revolution.
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3423
我们正处于一场婚姻变革之中
11:29
We are shedding 10,000 years
of our farming tradition
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4715
我们摒弃了1万年前的农业传统
11:34
and moving forward towards egalitarian
relationships between the sexes --
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5626
朝着两性平等的方向发展
我认为这和远古人类的精神相契合
11:40
something I regard as highly compatible
with the ancient human spirit.
250
700153
4815
11:45
I'm not a Pollyanna;
251
705562
1702
我不是一个盲目乐观的人
11:47
there's a great deal to cry about.
252
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1761
还有很多事情值得担忧
我研究了80种文化里的离婚行为
11:49
I've studied divorce in 80 cultures,
253
709073
1746
11:50
I've studied, as I say,
adultery in many --
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2136
出轨行为
还有许许多多的问题
11:53
there's a whole pile of problems.
255
713003
1816
11:54
As William Butler Yeats,
the poet, once said,
256
714843
3192
正如诗人威廉·巴特勒·叶芝所说
“爱情是个狡猾的家伙”
11:58
"Love is the crooked thing."
257
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2465
我会再加一句,“没人能活着出来”
12:01
I would add, "Nobody gets out alive."
258
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2790
12:03
(Laughter)
259
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1095
(笑声)
每个人都有困扰
12:05
We all have problems.
260
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1467
12:06
But in fact, I think the poet
Randall Jarrell really sums it up best.
261
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3604
但我认为诗人兰德尔·贾雷尔总结的最好
12:10
He said, "The dark, uneasy world
of family life --
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4999
他说:在枯燥繁琐的家庭生活中
12:15
where the greatest can fail,
and the humblest succeed."
263
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4518
强者不显其智 弱者反而取胜
12:20
But I will leave you with this:
264
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1887
但我想说的是:
12:22
love and attachment will prevail,
265
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2728
爱和相互依赖会战胜一切
12:25
technology cannot change it.
266
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2533
科技无法改变这一点
12:27
And I will conclude by saying
267
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1838
总结下来,便是
12:29
any understanding of human relationships
must take into account
268
749861
5246
任何对人类关系的诠释必须考虑到
人类行为最强大的决定因素是那
12:35
one the most powerful determinants
of human behavior:
269
755131
4225
12:39
the unquenchable,
270
759380
1218
难以抑制的
12:41
adaptable
271
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1165
极具适应性的
12:42
and primordial human drive to love.
272
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3006
最原始的爱的动力
12:45
Thank you.
273
765819
1152
谢谢
12:46
(Applause)
274
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3022
(掌声)
12:51
Kelly Stoetzel: Thank you
so much for that, Helen.
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2381
Kelly Stoetzel: 感谢您的演讲 海伦
12:54
As you know, there's another
speaker here with us
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2309
今天还有另一位演讲者
12:56
that works in your same field.
277
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1550
她和您在相同的领域里做研究
12:58
She comes at it
from a different perspective.
278
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2431
不过是从不同的视角来分析问题
13:00
Esther Perel is a psychotherapist
who works with couples.
279
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4637
诶斯特·佩雷斯从事
情侣心理治疗师的工作
13:05
You study data,
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1293
您研究数据
诶斯特研究那些向她寻求帮助的
13:07
Esther studies the stories
the couples tell her
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2500
13:09
when they come to her for help.
282
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2028
情侣们所诉说的故事
13:11
Let's have her join us on the stage.
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1724
现在请她上台吧
13:13
Esther?
284
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1151
有请诶斯特
13:14
(Applause)
285
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3131
(掌声)
13:22
So Esther,
286
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1246
诶斯特
13:23
when you were watching Helen's talk,
287
803519
2272
当您观看海伦演讲的时候
13:25
was there any part of it
288
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1206
是否有
和您所做的工作产生共鸣的地方
13:27
that resonated with you
through the lens of your own work
289
807045
2767
13:29
that you'd like to comment on?
290
809836
1585
您可以和我们说说嘛?
Esther Perel:
让我觉得有意思的地方是,一方面
13:32
Esther Perel: It's interesting,
because on the one hand,
291
812062
3579
13:35
the need for love
is ubiquitous and universal.
292
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3829
人们对爱的需求无所不在 无所不及
13:39
But the way we love --
293
819965
1964
但人类爱的方式
13:41
the meaning we make out of it --
294
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1530
爱与被爱背后的意义
13:43
the rules that govern
our relationships, I think,
295
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2325
以及控制双方关系的规则
13:45
are changing fundamentally.
296
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2027
正在发生根本性的改变
13:47
We come from a model that, until now,
297
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2900
直到最近 我们一直处于一种模式
13:50
was primarily regulated
around duty and obligation,
298
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3463
即主要由责任和义务
13:54
the needs of the collective and loyalty.
299
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2397
集体和忠诚主义支配的模式
13:56
And we have shifted it
300
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1180
而现在 我们转向了另一种模式
13:57
to a model of free choice
and individual rights,
301
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4330
即追崇自主选择 个人权利
14:02
and self-fulfillment and happiness.
302
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3076
自我实现与幸福的模式
14:05
And so, that was
the first thing I thought,
303
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2320
这是我脑子里冒出的第一个想法
14:07
that the need doesn't change,
304
847741
1768
爱的需求没有改变
14:09
but the context and the way
we regulate these relationships
305
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3808
但大环境和人们处理情感关系的方式
14:13
changes a lot.
306
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1278
发生了很大的变化
14:14
On the paradox of choice --
307
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1840
关于选择悖论
14:18
you know, on the one hand
we relish the novelty
308
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2327
我认为 一方面我们追求
多重选择给我们带来的
14:21
and the playfulness, I think,
309
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1592
14:22
to be able to have so many options.
310
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2711
新鲜感和趣味性
14:25
And at the same time,
311
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1361
同时
14:26
as you talk about this cognitive overload,
312
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2414
就像你提到的“认知负荷”
14:29
I see many, many people who ...
313
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3448
我看到许多人
14:34
who dread the uncertainty and self-doubt
314
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4106
对堆砌成堆的选项所带来的不确定性
14:38
that comes with this massa of choice,
315
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2549
和不自信而感到担忧
从而制造出某种“害怕错过的恐惧症”
14:41
creating a case of "FOMO"
316
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2259
14:43
and then leading us --
317
883377
1642
于是便引领我们--
“FOMO”,表现为害怕机会流失
14:45
FOMO, fear of missed opportunity,
or fear of missing out --
318
885043
3315
14:48
it's like, "How do I know
I have found 'the one' --
319
888382
2958
就好比“我怎么知道这个人就是
14:51
the right one?"
320
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1172
我命中注定的那一个呢?”
14:52
So we've created what I call
this thing of "stable ambiguity."
321
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3683
这种现象我称为“稳定的模棱两可”
14:56
Stable ambiguity is when
you are too afraid to be alone
322
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3705
指的是你害怕被剩下来 孤独终老
15:00
but also not really willing
to engage in intimacy-building.
323
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4035
但又不愿打开心扉 与人建立亲密关系
15:04
It's a set of tactics that kind of prolong
the uncertainty of a relationship
324
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5294
这是一种策略
不仅会使这段关系的不确定性期延长
15:09
but also the uncertainty of the breakup.
325
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2607
还能拖延分手的不确定性
15:12
So, here on the internet
you have three major ones.
326
912337
2982
网络上将其分为三个阶段
15:15
One is icing and simmering,
327
915343
2321
一是冰冻期和温吞水
15:17
which are great stalling tactics
328
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2875
这是很好的拖延战术
15:20
that offer a kind of holding pattern
329
920587
2477
它使人们处于某种停滞状态
在这种状态下
强调情感关系中的不界定属性
15:23
that emphasizes the undefined
nature of a relationship
330
923088
3794
15:26
but at the same time gives you
enough of a comforting consistency
331
926906
4107
但同时能让你维持这段关系
以及自由做出选择的空间
15:31
and enough freedom
of the undefined boundaries.
332
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2757
15:33
(Laughter)
333
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1826
(笑声)
说的对吗?
15:36
Yeah?
334
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1170
15:37
And then comes ghosting.
335
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1548
接下来就到了“幽灵阶段”
15:38
And ghosting is, basically,
336
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1972
“幽灵阶段”基本上是指
15:40
you disappear from this massa
of texts on the spot,
337
940832
4520
你突然不再做出选择
15:45
and you don't have to deal with
the pain that you inflict on another,
338
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3785
不再应对你给对方带来的痛苦
15:49
because you're making it
invisible even to yourself.
339
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2598
因为你自己都掩耳盗铃
15:51
(Laughter)
340
951807
1187
(笑声)
对吗?
15:53
Yeah?
341
953018
1158
15:54
So I was thinking -- these words came up
for me as I was listening to you,
342
954200
4737
当我在听你演讲的时候
我想到了这些
15:58
like how a vocabulary
also creates a reality,
343
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5163
正如语言重现现实一样
与此同时
16:04
and at the same time,
344
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1555
16:05
that's my question to you:
345
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1684
我也有个问题要问你:
16:07
Do you think when the context changes,
346
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2940
当环境发生变化时
16:10
it still means that the nature
of love remains the same?
347
970399
3640
你认为爱的本质还是一样的吗?
你研究大脑 而我研究情侣关系
16:14
You study the brain and I study
people's relationships and stories,
348
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4098
16:18
so I think it's everything you say, plus.
349
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3986
我认可你的观点
16:22
But I don't always know the degree
to which a changing context ...
350
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3902
但我不明白的是环境改变的程度--
16:27
Does it at some point begin to change --
351
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2530
它是从某一点开始改变的呢?
如果意义变了
需求是否也会改变呢?
16:30
If the meaning changes,
does it change the need,
352
990005
2613
16:32
or is the need clear
of the entire context?
353
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2463
或需求本身不受整个大环境影响?
16:35
HF: Wow! Well --
354
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1420
海伦:哇!
16:37
(Laughter)
355
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2431
(笑声)
16:39
(Applause)
356
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3175
(掌声)
16:42
Well, I've got three points here, right?
357
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2968
海伦:好的,我分为三点来说
16:46
First of all, to your first one:
358
1006736
1826
首先,回答你第一个问题:
16:48
there's no question that we've changed,
that we now want a person to love,
359
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3593
人类变了,这一点毋庸置疑
现在人们依然渴望爱情
16:52
and for thousands of years,
we had to marry the right person
360
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2845
而几千年来 人们都遵从必须
和来自匹配的背景和关联的人结婚
16:55
from the right background
and right kin connection.
361
1015072
2391
16:57
And in fact, in my studies
of 5,000 people every year,
362
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每年我对5000人进行调研
17:00
I ask them, "What are you looking for?"
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我问他们:“你想找什么样的人?”
17:02
And every single year,
over 97 percent say --
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每年 超过97%的人会说
17:05
EP: The list grows --
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诶斯特:清单越来越长了吧
17:06
HF: Well, no.
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海伦:呃,没有
超过97%的人都表示想找
17:08
The basic thing is
over 97 percent of people
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17:11
want somebody that respects them,
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尊重自己
17:13
somebody they can trust and confide in,
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值得信任的 能交心的
17:15
somebody who makes them laugh,
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1656
能逗你笑的
17:17
somebody who makes enough time for them
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花时间陪自己的
17:19
and somebody who they find
physically attractive.
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以及长相看着顺眼的人
17:23
That never changes.
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这几点从未改变过
17:24
And there's certainly -- you know,
there's two parts --
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大概有两部分--
17:27
EP: But you know how I call that?
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诶斯特:你知道我怎么定义这种现象吗?
17:29
That's not what people used to say --
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2250
过去人们并不是这样的择偶标准
17:31
HF: That's exactly right.
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1230
海伦:是的
诶斯特:过去人们会说他们想找能够与自己作伴
17:33
EP: They said they wanted somebody
with whom they have companionship,
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提供经济支持 喜爱孩子的人
17:36
economic support, children.
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1291
17:37
We went from a production economy
to a service economy.
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我们从生产经济转变为服务经济
17:40
(Laughter)
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1009
(笑声)
17:41
We did it in the larger culture,
and we're doing it in marriage.
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在其他文化中我们已经这么做了
现在我们把它带到婚姻中
17:44
HF: Right, no question about it.
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1548
海伦:是的,这一点毫无疑问
17:45
But it's interesting, the millennials
actually want to be very good parents,
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但有趣的是
如今千禧一代非常渴望成为合格的家长
17:49
whereas the generation above them
wants to have a very fine marriage
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而他们的上一代人希望有个美满的婚姻
但却不向他们一样专注于成为合格的家长
17:54
but is not as focused
on being a good parent.
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2222
17:56
You see all of these nuances.
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你可以看到这些细微的差别
17:58
There's two basic parts of personality:
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2556
人格有两个基本构成部分:
18:00
there's your culture -- everything you
grew up to do and believe and say --
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你的文化—成长过程 信仰和言行--
18:04
and there's your temperament.
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1399
以及性格
我讨论的基本上都是性格
18:06
Basically, what I've been talking
about is your temperament.
391
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2827
18:08
And that temperament is certainly
going to change with changing times
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3318
而性格一定会随着时间和信仰的改变
18:12
and changing beliefs.
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1301
而改变
18:13
And in terms of the paradox of choice,
394
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3147
就选择悖论而言
这确实是个两难的境地
18:17
there's no question about it
that this is a pickle.
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2407
18:19
There were millions of years
where you found that sweet boy
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2864
千百万年以来
18:22
at the other side of the water hole,
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1725
如果人们在河边看到心动的对象
便会去争取
18:24
and you went for it.
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1151
18:25
EP: Yes, but you --
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1151
诶斯特:是的,但是--
18:26
HF: I do want to say one more thing.
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1747
海伦:还有一件事
18:28
The bottom line is, in hunting
and gathering societies,
401
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2617
归根结底,在狩猎及采集社会中
18:30
they tended to have two or three partners
during the course of their lives.
402
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3598
人们一生中通常有2到3个伴侣
18:34
They weren't square!
403
1114514
1158
他们并不是两两相对的
18:35
And I'm not suggesting that we do,
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1656
我当然不是建议我们也这么做
18:37
but the bottom line is,
we've always had alternatives.
405
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但重要的是我们始终
可以做出其他选择
18:41
Mankind is always --
406
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1479
人类一直如此
18:42
in fact, the brain is well-built
to what we call "equilibrate,"
407
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3192
实际上,人类大脑的构造是平衡对称的
去试探或下决心:
18:46
to try and decide:
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1151
18:47
Do I come, do I stay? Do I go, do I stay?
409
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2434
来或走?去或留?
18:49
What are the opportunities here?
410
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1548
留下来有什么样的机遇?
18:51
How do I handle this there?
411
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1302
怎么处理这件事?
18:52
And so I think we're seeing
another play-out of that now.
412
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我想现在上演的正是大脑决策的另一出戏
KS:非常感谢两位。
18:56
KS: Well, thank you both so much.
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1623
18:57
I think you're going to have
a million dinner partners for tonight!
414
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3206
我想你今晚要和很多人共进晚餐了
19:00
(Applause)
415
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1979
(掌声)
19:02
Thank you, thank you.
416
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1181
谢谢!
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