Technology hasn't changed love. Here's why | Helen Fisher

207,860 views ใƒป 2016-10-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gili Baltsan ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I was recently traveling in the Highlands of New Guinea,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื™ื ืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
00:15
and I was talking with a man who had three wives.
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ื•ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ืขื ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื.
00:18
I asked him, "How many wives would you like to have?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, "ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื”?"
00:22
And there was this long pause,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืืจื•ื›ื”,
00:23
and I thought to myself,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
00:25
"Is he going to say five?
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"ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ 5?
00:26
Is he going to say 10?
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"ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ 10?
00:28
Is he going to say 25?"
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"ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ 25?"
00:29
And he leaned towards me
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืจื™
00:31
and he whispered, "None."
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ื•ืœื—ืฉ, "ืืฃ ืื—ืช".
00:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:35
Eighty-six percent of human societies permit a man to have several wives:
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86% ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื:
00:39
polygyny.
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ืคื•ืœื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื”.
00:41
But in the vast majority of these cultures,
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ืืš ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”,
00:43
only about five or ten percent of men actually do have several wives.
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ืจืง ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื.
00:47
Having several partners can be a toothache.
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ื›ืฉืœืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœ"ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ"
00:49
In fact, co-wives can fight with each other,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ,
00:53
sometimes they can even poison each other's children.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•.
00:56
And you've got to have a lot of cows, a lot of goats,
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ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื™ื–ื™ื,
00:59
a lot of money, a lot of land,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื“ืžื”,
01:01
in order to build a harem.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื”ืจืžื•ืŸ.
01:03
We are a pair-bonding species.
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ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
01:05
Ninety-seven percent of mammals do not pair up to rear their young;
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ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื;
01:08
human beings do.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ืŸ.
01:10
I'm not suggesting that we're not --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
01:13
that we're necessarily sexually faithful to our partners.
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ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ืืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื ื•.
01:16
I've looked at adultery in 42 cultures,
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ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘-42 ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช,
01:18
I understand, actually, some of the genetics of it,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื”,
01:21
and some of the brain circuitry of it.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
01:23
It's very common around the world,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:25
but we are built to love.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื”ื‘ื”.
01:27
How is technology changing love?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”?
01:31
I'm going to say almost not at all.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœืœ.
01:34
I study the brain.
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ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—.
01:36
I and my colleagues have put over 100 people into a brain scanner --
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ืื ื™ ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืžืขืœ 100 ืื™ืฉ ืœืกื•ืจืง ืžื•ื— โ€“
01:39
people who had just fallen happily in love,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื•,
01:42
people who had just been rejected in love
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื• ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”
01:44
and people who are in love long-term.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
01:46
And it is possible to remain "in love" long-term.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
01:50
And I've long ago maintained
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ืžื–ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ืขื ืชื™
01:52
that we've evolved three distinctly different brain systems
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ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช
01:55
for mating and reproduction:
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ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช:
01:57
sex drive,
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ื“ื—ืฃ ืžื™ื ื™,
01:58
feelings of intense romantic love
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”
02:00
and feelings of deep cosmic attachment to a long-term partner.
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ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ืกืžื™ ื—ื–ืง ืœื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
02:04
And together, these three brain systems --
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ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” โ€“
02:06
with many other parts of the brain --
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื โ€“
02:09
orchestrate our sexual, our romantic and our family lives.
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ืžืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื.
02:14
But they lie way below the cortex,
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ืื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื—,
02:16
way below the limbic system where we feel our emotions,
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ืขืžื•ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:21
generate our emotions.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:22
They lie in the most primitive parts of the brain, linked with energy,
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
02:27
focus, craving, motivation, wanting and drive.
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ืคื•ืงื•ืก, ื—ืฉืง, ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”, ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ืข.
02:32
In this case,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
02:33
the drive to win life's greatest prize:
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ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื:
02:36
a mating partner.
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ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’.
02:37
They evolved over 4.4 million years ago among our first ancestors,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขืœ 4.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
02:42
and they're not going to change if you swipe left or right on Tinder.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืื ืชื—ืœื™ืงื• ืœืฉืžืืœ ืื• ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื“ืจ.
02:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:50
There's no question that technology is changing the way we court:
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื–ืจื™ื:
02:55
emailing, texting,
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ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื,
02:57
emojis to express your emotions,
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ืื™ืžื•ื’'ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืขืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
02:59
sexting,
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ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:00
"liking" a photograph, selfies ...
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ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื™ืง" ืœืชืžื•ื ื”, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืกืœืคื™...
03:03
We're seeing new rules and taboos for how to court.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ
03:07
But, you know --
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื โ€“
03:09
is this actually dramatically changing love?
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ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™?
03:13
What about the late 1940s,
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40 ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20,
03:16
when the automobile became very popular
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช ืžืื“
03:18
and we suddenly had rolling bedrooms?
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื?
03:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:22
How about the introduction of the birth control pill?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ?
03:27
Unchained from the great threat of pregnancy and social ruin,
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ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื•ืช ืžื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
03:32
women could finally express their primitive and primal sexuality.
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ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื›ืœื• ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช.
03:37
Even dating sites are not changing love.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืืชืจื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”.
03:40
I'm Chief Scientific Advisor to Match.com,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ-Match.com,
03:43
I've been it for 11 years.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื–ื” 11 ืฉื ื™ื.
03:45
I keep telling them and they agree with me,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื ื•ื”ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืืชื™,
03:47
that these are not dating sites,
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ืฉืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืืชืจื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’,
03:48
they are introducing sites.
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ืืœื• ืืชืจื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช.
03:51
When you sit down in a bar,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจ,
03:53
in a coffee house,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”,
03:54
on a park bench,
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ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ื‘ืคืืจืง,
03:56
your ancient brain snaps into action like a sleeping cat awakened,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ืชื•ืœ ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
04:01
and you smile
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ื•ืืชื ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื
04:02
and laugh
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ื•ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื
04:03
and listen
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ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื
04:05
and parade the way our ancestors did 100,000 years ago.
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ื•ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 100,000 ืฉื ื™ื.
04:10
We can give you various people --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื โ€“
04:12
all the dating sites can --
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ื›ืœ ืืชืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื โ€“
04:13
but the only real algorithm is your own human brain.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
04:17
Technology is not going to change that.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
04:21
Technology is also not going to change who you choose to love.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื’ื ืœื ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื•.
04:25
I study the biology of personality,
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ืื ื™ ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
04:28
and I've come to believe
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”
04:29
that we've evolved four very broad styles of thinking and behaving,
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ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“
04:33
linked with the dopamine, serotonin,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ, ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ,
04:35
testosterone and estrogen systems.
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ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
04:38
So I created a questionnaire directly from brain science
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ืื– ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœืงื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
04:42
to measure the degree to which you express the traits --
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ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช โ€“
04:45
the constellation of traits --
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ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช โ€“
04:47
linked with each of these four brain systems.
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืœืœื•.
04:50
I then put that questionnaire on various dating sites
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
04:55
in 40 countries.
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ื‘-40 ืืจืฆื•ืช.
04:57
Fourteen million or more people have now taken the questionnaire,
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14 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ,
05:01
and I've been able to watch who's naturally drawn to whom.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื ืžืฉืš ืืœ ืžื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
05:06
And as it turns out,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ืชื”,
05:07
those who were very expressive of the dopamine system
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ืฉืืœื• ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืื• ืžืื“ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ
05:10
tend to be curious, creative, spontaneous, energetic --
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ื ื˜ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื™ื, ื ืžืจืฆื™ื โ€“
05:13
I would imagine there's an awful lot of people like that in this room --
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื โ€“
05:17
they're drawn to people like themselves.
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ื”ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื.
05:19
Curious, creative people need people like themselves.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืงืจื ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื.
05:22
People who are very expressive of the serotonin system
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืžืื“ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ
05:25
tend to be traditional, conventional, they follow the rules,
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื, ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื,
05:28
they respect authority,
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ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช,
05:30
they tend to be religious -- religiosity is in the serotonin system --
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ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ โ€“
05:33
and traditional people go for traditional people.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:36
In that way, similarity attracts.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืš.
05:39
In the other two cases, opposites attract.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ืคื›ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื.
05:41
People very expressive of the testosterone system
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ
05:44
tend to be analytical, logical, direct, decisive,
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื™ื,
05:48
and they go for their opposite:
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ื•ื”ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื:
05:49
they go for somebody who's high estrogen,
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ื”ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
05:51
somebody who's got very good verbal skills
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื•ืจื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช
05:54
and people skills,
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ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
05:55
who's very intuitive
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื“ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™
05:56
and who's very nurturing and emotionally expressive.
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ื•ืžืื“ ืžื˜ืคื— ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืขื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช.
06:00
We have natural patterns of mate choice.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’.
06:03
Modern technology is not going to change who we choose to love.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืœื ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื™ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
06:09
But technology is producing one modern trend
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
06:12
that I find particularly important.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™,
06:14
It's associated with the concept of paradox of choice.
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ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
06:18
For millions of years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
06:19
we lived in little hunting and gathering groups.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื-ืœืงื˜ื™ื.
06:22
You didn't have the opportunity to choose
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ
06:24
between 1,000 people on a dating site.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 1,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:28
In fact, I've been studying this recently,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
06:30
and I actually think there's some sort of sweet spot in the brain;
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ื—,
06:33
I don't know what it is, but apparently, from reading a lot of the data,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืงืจื™ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœื”,
06:37
we can embrace about five to nine alternatives, and after that,
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืชืฉืข ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
06:42
you get into what academics call "cognitive overload,"
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ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืขื•ืžืก ื™ืชืจ ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™",
06:45
and you don't choose any.
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ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
06:48
So I've come to think that due to this cognitive overload,
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ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขื•ืžืก ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
06:51
we're ushering in a new form of courtship
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ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
06:54
that I call "slow love."
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืื”ื‘ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช".
06:57
I arrived at this during my work with Match.com.
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืขื Match.com.
07:01
Every year for the last six years,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:03
we've done a study called "Singles in America."
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ืขืจื›ื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”".
07:05
We don't poll the Match population,
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ืื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ Match,
07:07
we poll the American population.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
07:09
We use 5,000-plus people,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœ 5,000 ืื™ืฉ,
07:12
a representative sample of Americans based on the US census.
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ืžื“ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
07:16
We've got data now on over 30,000 people,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืœ 30,000 ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:19
and every single year,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”,
07:21
I see some of the same patterns.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.
07:24
Every single year when I ask the question,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
07:27
over 50 percent of people have had a one-night stand --
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ืžืขืœ 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืกื˜ื•ืฅ โ€“
07:30
not necessarily last year, but in their lives --
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื โ€“
07:32
50 percent have had a friends with benefits
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ืœ-50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” "ื™ื–ื™ื–"
07:35
during the course of their lives,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
07:36
and over 50 percent have lived with a person long-term
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ื•ืžืขืœ 50 ืื—ื•ื– ื—ื™ื• ืขื ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ
07:40
before marrying.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื•.
07:41
Americans think that this is reckless.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ.
07:43
I have doubted that for a long time;
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ืื ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืชื™ ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ.
07:46
the patterns are too strong.
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ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืื“.
07:48
There's got to be some Darwinian explanation --
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• โ€“
07:51
Not that many people are crazy.
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ื•ืœื ืฉื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื.
07:53
And I stumbled, then, on a statistic that really came home to me.
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ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืžืื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
07:58
It was a very interesting academic article
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืจ ืืงื“ืžื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“
08:00
in which I found that 67 percent of singles in America today
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ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉ -67% ืžื”ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ื
08:05
who are living long-term with somebody,
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ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
08:08
have not yet married because they are terrified of divorce.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
08:12
They're terrified of the social,
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
08:14
legal, emotional,
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช,
08:15
economic consequences of divorce.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื.
08:18
So I came to realize that I don't think this is recklessness;
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ.
08:22
I think it's caution.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
08:24
Today's singles want to know every single thing about a partner
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ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’
08:29
before they wed.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื.
08:31
You learn a lot between the sheets,
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ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื",
08:33
not only about how somebody makes love,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• "ืขื•ืฉื” ืื”ื‘ื”",
08:35
but whether they're kind,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘,
08:37
whether they can listen
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘
08:38
and at my age,
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ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™,
08:39
whether they've got a sense of humor.
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ.
08:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:43
And in an age where we have too many choices,
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™,
08:47
we have very little fear of pregnancy and disease
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“
08:50
and we've got no feeling of shame for sex before marriage,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื,
08:54
I think people are taking their time to love.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื "ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ" ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื”ื‘ื”.
08:58
And actually, what's happening is,
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ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื,
09:00
what we're seeing is a real expansion of the precommitment stage
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื˜ืจื•ื ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช
09:03
before you tie the knot.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขื ื™ื“ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช.
09:06
Where marriage used to be the beginning of a relationship,
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ืคืขื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
09:08
now it's the finale.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื”ืคึดื™ื ึธืœึถื”.
09:11
But the human brain --
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ืื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ โ€“
09:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:15
The human brain always triumphs,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืฆื—,
09:17
and indeed, in the United States today,
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:18
86 percent of Americans will marry by age 49.
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86% ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื™ืชื—ืชื ื• ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 49.
09:22
And even in cultures around the world where they're not marrying as often,
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ื’ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืชื—ืชื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
09:26
they are settling down eventually with a long-term partner.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืงืขื™ื ืขื ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
09:29
So it began to occur to me:
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™:
09:31
during this long extension of the precommitment stage,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื˜ืจื•ื-ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช,
09:35
if you can get rid of bad relationships before you marry,
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ื™ืฉืื™ื,
09:39
maybe we're going to see more happy marriages.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
09:41
So I did a study of 1,100 married people in America --
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ 1,100 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” โ€“
09:46
not on Match.com, of course --
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ืœื ื‘ืืชืจ Match.com, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ โ€“
09:48
and I asked them a lot of questions.
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:50
But one of the questions was,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื”,
09:52
"Would you re-marry the person you're currently married to?"
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"ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ืœืื“ื ืืœื™ื• ืืชื” ื ืฉื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื?"
09:56
And 81 percent said, "Yes."
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ื•-81% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื• "ื›ืŸ".
10:00
In fact, the greatest change in modern romance and family life
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื
10:07
is not technology.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
10:09
It's not even slow love.
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
10:11
It's actually women piling into the job market
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ืจื•ืช ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:14
in cultures around the world.
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ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:15
For millions of years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
10:17
our ancestors lived in little hunting and gathering groups.
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ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื.
10:20
Women commuted to work to gather their fruits and vegetables.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืงื˜ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช.
10:22
They came home with 60 to 80 percent of the evening meal.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื 60% ืขื“ 80% ืžืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘.
10:26
The double-income family was the rule.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ื ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
10:29
And women were regarded as just as economically, socially
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื ืชืคืกื• ื›ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
10:33
and sexually powerful as men.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
10:36
Then the environment changed some 10,000 years ago,
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ื•ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ื›-100,000 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”,
10:39
we began to settle down on the farm
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื
10:41
and both men and women became obliged, really,
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืืžืช,
10:44
to marry the right person,
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ืœื”ื ืฉื ืœืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
10:46
from the right background,
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ืžื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžืชืื™ื,
10:47
from the right religion
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ืžื”ื“ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”
10:49
and from the right kin and social and political connections.
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ื•ืžื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ:
10:52
Men's jobs became more important:
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10:54
they had to move the rocks, fell the trees, plow the land.
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ื”ื ื”ื–ื™ื–ื• ืกืœืขื™ื, ื›ืจืชื• ืขืฆื™ื, ื—ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”.
10:57
They brought the produce to local markets, and came home
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™
ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื›ืกืฃ.
11:00
with the equivalent of money.
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11:01
Along with this,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื”,
11:03
we see a rise of a host of beliefs:
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช:
11:06
the belief of virginity at marriage,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื,
11:08
arranged marriages -- strictly arranged marriages --
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ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš โ€“ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš โ€“
11:11
the belief that the man is the head of the household,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
11:13
that the wife's place is in the home
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ืฉืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
11:16
and most important,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
11:17
honor thy husband, and 'til death do us part.
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"ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืืช ื‘ืขืœืš" ื•"ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื ื•"
11:20
These are gone.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื“.
11:22
They are going, and in many places,
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ื”ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื,
11:24
they are gone.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื.
11:26
We are right now in a marriage revolution.
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
11:29
We are shedding 10,000 years of our farming tradition
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ืื ื• ืžืชื ืขืจื™ื ืž-10,000 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช
11:34
and moving forward towards egalitarian relationships between the sexes --
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ื•ื ืขื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื โ€“
11:40
something I regard as highly compatible with the ancient human spirit.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ืื ืžืื•ื“, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”.
11:45
I'm not a Pollyanna;
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ืื ื”,
11:47
there's a great deal to cry about.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
11:49
I've studied divorce in 80 cultures,
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ื—ืงืจืชื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘-80 ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช,
11:50
I've studied, as I say, adultery in many --
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ื—ืงืจืชื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™, ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ โ€“
11:53
there's a whole pile of problems.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ.
11:54
As William Butler Yeats, the poet, once said,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืคืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื‘ืื˜ืœืจ ื™ื™ื˜ืก,
11:58
"Love is the crooked thing."
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"ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืงื•ื."
12:01
I would add, "Nobody gets out alive."
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื”, "ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ื—ื™."
12:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:05
We all have problems.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
12:06
But in fact, I think the poet Randall Jarrell really sums it up best.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืจื ื“ืœ ื’'ืืจืœ ืžืกื›ื ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:10
He said, "The dark, uneasy world of family life --
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ื”ืœื ื ื•ื— โ€“
12:15
where the greatest can fail, and the humblest succeed."
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ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ, ื•ื”ืฆื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—."
12:20
But I will leave you with this:
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ืืš ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš:
12:22
love and attachment will prevail,
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ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื ืฆื—ื•,
12:25
technology cannot change it.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ืืช.
12:27
And I will conclude by saying
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ื•ืืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืžืจ
12:29
any understanding of human relationships must take into account
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
12:35
one the most powerful determinants of human behavior:
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ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช:
12:39
the unquenchable,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื“ืœื”,
12:41
adaptable
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ืกืชื’ืœืŸ
12:42
and primordial human drive to love.
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ื•ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™: ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
12:45
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:51
Kelly Stoetzel: Thank you so much for that, Helen.
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ืงืœื™ ืกื˜ื•ืืฆื”: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืœืŸ.
12:54
As you know, there's another speaker here with us
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืชื ื•
12:56
that works in your same field.
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ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœืš.
12:58
She comes at it from a different perspective.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช.
13:00
Esther Perel is a psychotherapist who works with couples.
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ืืกืชืจ ืคืจืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช.
13:05
You study data,
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ืืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
13:07
Esther studies the stories the couples tell her
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ืืกืชืจ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื”
13:09
when they come to her for help.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืœืขื–ืจื”.
13:11
Let's have her join us on the stage.
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ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืžื”.
13:13
Esther?
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ืืกืชืจ?
13:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:22
So Esther,
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ืื– ืืกืชืจ,
13:23
when you were watching Helen's talk,
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ื›ืฉืฆืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืŸ,
13:25
was there any part of it
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
13:27
that resonated with you through the lens of your own work
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ืฉื”ื“ื”ื“ ืœืš ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ืฉืœืš
13:29
that you'd like to comment on?
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•?
13:32
Esther Perel: It's interesting, because on the one hand,
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ืืกืชืจ ืคืจืœ: ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
13:35
the need for love is ubiquitous and universal.
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ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
13:39
But the way we love --
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ืืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื โ€“
13:41
the meaning we make out of it --
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื” โ€“
13:43
the rules that govern our relationships, I think,
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ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
13:45
are changing fundamentally.
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ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื.
13:47
We come from a model that, until now,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืžืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืขื“ ื›ื”,
13:50
was primarily regulated around duty and obligation,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช,
13:54
the needs of the collective and loyalty.
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ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื ืืžื ื•ืช.
13:56
And we have shifted it
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืืช ื–ื”
13:57
to a model of free choice and individual rights,
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ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜,
14:02
and self-fulfillment and happiness.
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ื•ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
14:05
And so, that was the first thing I thought,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
14:07
that the need doesn't change,
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ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
14:09
but the context and the way we regulate these relationships
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”
14:13
changes a lot.
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ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื“.
14:14
On the paradox of choice --
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ืขืœ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” โ€“
14:18
you know, on the one hand we relish the novelty
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ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขื ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ
14:21
and the playfulness, I think,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
14:22
to be able to have so many options.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
14:25
And at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
14:26
as you talk about this cognitive overload,
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ื›ืฉืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
14:29
I see many, many people who ...
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
14:34
who dread the uncertainty and self-doubt
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืื™ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืขืฆืžื™
14:38
that comes with this massa of choice,
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ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”,
14:41
creating a case of "FOMO"
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ FoMO
14:43
and then leading us --
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ื•ืื– ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• โ€“
14:45
FOMO, fear of missed opportunity, or fear of missing out --
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FoMO, ื—ืจื“ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื”, ืื• ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœืคืกืคืก โ€“
14:48
it's like, "How do I know I have found 'the one' --
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืืœื” "ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ 'ืืช ื”ืื—ื“' โ€“
14:51
the right one?"
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"ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
14:52
So we've created what I call this thing of "stable ambiguity."
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื• "ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”".
14:56
Stable ambiguity is when you are too afraid to be alone
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ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“
15:00
but also not really willing to engage in intimacy-building.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช.
15:04
It's a set of tactics that kind of prolong the uncertainty of a relationship
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ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืื™-ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื
15:09
but also the uncertainty of the breakup.
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ืืš ื’ื ืืช ืื™-ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”.
15:12
So, here on the internet you have three major ones.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
15:15
One is icing and simmering,
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ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื "ื”ืงืคืื”" ื•"ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืขืœ ืืฉ ืงื˜ื ื”"
15:17
which are great stalling tactics
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช,
15:20
that offer a kind of holding pattern
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ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื”
15:23
that emphasizes the undefined nature of a relationship
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ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื
15:26
but at the same time gives you enough of a comforting consistency
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืš ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืกืคืงืช
15:31
and enough freedom of the undefined boundaries.
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ื•ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื.
15:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:36
Yeah?
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ื›ืŸ?
15:37
And then comes ghosting.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’".
15:38
And ghosting is, basically,
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ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ,
15:40
you disappear from this massa of texts on the spot,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ืขืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ืžืžืกืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื,
15:45
and you don't have to deal with the pain that you inflict on another,
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ื•ื›ืš ืื™ื ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื—ืจ,
15:49
because you're making it invisible even to yourself.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืš.
15:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:53
Yeah?
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ื›ืŸ?
15:54
So I was thinking -- these words came up for me as I was listening to you,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ โ€“ ืืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืš,
15:58
like how a vocabulary also creates a reality,
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ืฉืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
16:04
and at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
16:05
that's my question to you:
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ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืืœื™ื™ืš:
16:07
Do you think when the context changes,
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ื”ืื ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืฉืชื ื”,
16:10
it still means that the nature of love remains the same?
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื•ืคื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื”?
16:14
You study the brain and I study people's relationships and stories,
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ืืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
16:18
so I think it's everything you say, plus.
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืช, ื•ืขื•ื“.
16:22
But I don't always know the degree to which a changing context ...
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ...
16:27
Does it at some point begin to change --
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ื”ืื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช โ€“
16:30
If the meaning changes, does it change the need,
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ืื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš,
16:32
or is the need clear of the entire context?
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ืื• ื”ืื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™?
16:35
HF: Wow! Well --
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ื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืฉืจ: ื•ื•ืื•! ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€“
16:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:42
Well, I've got three points here, right?
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
16:46
First of all, to your first one:
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืฉืืœืชืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
16:48
there's no question that we've changed, that we now want a person to love,
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฉืชื ื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
16:52
and for thousands of years, we had to marry the right person
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
16:55
from the right background and right kin connection.
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ืžื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
16:57
And in fact, in my studies of 5,000 people every year,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ 5,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
17:00
I ask them, "What are you looking for?"
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื, "ืžื” ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื?"
17:02
And every single year, over 97 percent say --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”, ืžืขืœ 97% ืขื ื• โ€“
17:05
EP: The list grows --
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ื"ืค: ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืชืืจื›ืช โ€“
17:06
HF: Well, no.
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ื”"ืค: ืœื.
17:08
The basic thing is over 97 percent of people
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขืœ 97% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื
17:11
want somebody that respects them,
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื,
17:13
somebody they can trust and confide in,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•,
17:15
somebody who makes them laugh,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืฆื—ื•ืง,
17:17
somebody who makes enough time for them
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืคื ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื,
17:19
and somebody who they find physically attractive.
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ืฉืš ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
17:23
That never changes.
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ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
17:24
And there's certainly -- you know, there's two parts --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ โ€“ ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื โ€“
17:27
EP: But you know how I call that?
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ื"ืค: ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื–ื”?
17:29
That's not what people used to say --
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ โ€“
17:31
HF: That's exactly right.
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ื”"ืค: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
17:33
EP: They said they wanted somebody with whom they have companionship,
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ื"ืค: ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
17:36
economic support, children.
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ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
17:37
We went from a production economy to a service economy.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช.
17:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:41
We did it in the larger culture, and we're doing it in marriage.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
17:44
HF: Right, no question about it.
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ื”"ืค: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
17:45
But it's interesting, the millennials actually want to be very good parents,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“,
17:49
whereas the generation above them wants to have a very fine marriage
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“
17:54
but is not as focused on being a good parent.
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
17:56
You see all of these nuances.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
17:58
There's two basic parts of personality:
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ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช:
18:00
there's your culture -- everything you grew up to do and believe and say --
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื“ืœืช ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ โ€“
18:04
and there's your temperament.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ ืฉืœืš.
18:06
Basically, what I've been talking about is your temperament.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื’.
18:08
And that temperament is certainly going to change with changing times
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ื•ื”ืžื–ื’ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืขื ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
18:12
and changing beliefs.
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ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช.
18:13
And in terms of the paradox of choice,
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ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
18:17
there's no question about it that this is a pickle.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆืจื” ืฆืจื•ืจื”.
18:19
There were millions of years where you found that sweet boy
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”
18:22
at the other side of the water hole,
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ื‘ืฆื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื,
18:24
and you went for it.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
18:25
EP: Yes, but you --
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ื"ืค: ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืช โ€“
18:26
HF: I do want to say one more thing.
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ื”"ืค: ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
18:28
The bottom line is, in hunting and gathering societies,
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ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื-ืœืงื˜ื™ื,
18:30
they tended to have two or three partners during the course of their lives.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
18:34
They weren't square!
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื!
18:35
And I'm not suggesting that we do,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ,
18:37
but the bottom line is, we've always had alternatives.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
18:41
Mankind is always --
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ โ€“
18:42
in fact, the brain is well-built to what we call "equilibrate,"
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข "ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ",
18:46
to try and decide:
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜:
18:47
Do I come, do I stay? Do I go, do I stay?
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ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ? ืœืœื›ืช, ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ?
18:49
What are the opportunities here?
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ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ?
18:51
How do I handle this there?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืฉื?
18:52
And so I think we're seeing another play-out of that now.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืช.
18:56
KS: Well, thank you both so much.
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ืง"ืก: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื›ืŸ.
18:57
I think you're going to have a million dinner partners for tonight!
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื!
19:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:02
Thank you, thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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