Why design should include everyone | Sinéad Burke

翻译人员: Chen Zou 校对人员: Ziqing Ye

I want to give you a new perspective.

我想要给你们提供一个新的视角。

That sounds grandiose, and it is.

听起来很壮阔，它的确是的。

I left Ireland yesterday morning.

我昨天早上从爱尔兰出发，

I traveled from Dublin to New York

自己一个人从都柏林

independently.

来到纽约。

But the design of an airport,

但是机场，飞机和

plane and terminal

航站楼的设计，

offers little independence when you're 105 and a half centimeters tall.

没有为一个身高105.5厘米的人 提供独立自主旅行的机会。

For Americans, that's 3' 5".

对于美国人来说，那是3英尺5英寸。

I was whisked through the airport by airline assistants in a wheelchair.

我被机场助理人员用 轮椅护送通过机场。

Now, I don't need to use a wheelchair,

我并不需要使用轮椅，

but the design of an airport

但是机场的设计

and its lack of accessibility

和无障碍设施的缺乏，

means that it's my only way to get through.

使得轮椅成为了我 通过机场的唯一方式。

With my carry-on bag between my feet,

我把背包夹在两脚中间，

I was wheeled through security, preclearance

被轮椅推动着穿过 安检，提前清检，

and I arrived at my boarding gate.

然后我到达了登机口。

I use the accessibility services in the airport

我用机场的无障碍服务设施，

because most of the terminal is just not designed with me in mind.

因为大部分航站楼的设计 没有将我这样的人考虑在内。

Take security, for example.

拿安检来说。

I'm not strong enough to lift my carry-on bag

我没有足够的力气 将随身携带的背包

from the ground to the carousel.

从地上抬起放到传送带上。

I stand at eye level with it.

我站着的时候视线 是和传送带水平的。

And those who work in that space for safety purposes cannot help me

安检工作人员并不能够帮助我，

and cannot do it for me.

也不能为我做这些。

Design inhibits my autonomy and my independence.

（这种）设计阻碍了 我的自主性和独立性。

But traveling at this size, it isn't all bad.

但是以我这样的尺寸旅游， 并不总是有弊无利。

The leg room in economy is like business class.

经济舱的空间对我来说 就像是商务舱。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

I often forget that I'm a little person.

我常常忘记了自己身材矮小。

It's the physical environment and society that remind me.

是这个物理世界和社会 在时常提醒着我。

Using a public bathroom is an excruciating experience.

使用公共洗手间 是一个极度痛苦的经历。

I walk into the cubicle

我走进洗手间的隔间，

but I can't reach the lock on the door.

但是摸不到门上的锁。

I'm creative and resilient.

我是很有创造性和韧性的。

I look around and see if there's a bin that I can turn upside down.

我看看周围是否有一个 桶可以让我扣过来（踩上去）。

Is it safe?

这安全吗？

Not really.

不安全。

Is it hygienic and sanitary?

干净卫生吗？

Definitely not.

绝对不是。

But the alternative is much worse.

但是其它选择更糟糕。

If that doesn't work, I use my phone.

如果那不管用，我就用手机。

It gives me an additional four- to six-inch reach,

它给了我额外4到6英寸的高度，

and I try to jam the lock closed with my iPhone.

我尝试着用手机去推上门锁。

Now, I imagine that's not what Jony Ive had in mind when he designed the iPhone,

我可以想象这不是乔纳森 · 埃维 当初设计苹果的目的，

but it works.

但是这很好用。

The alternative is that I approach a stranger.

其它选择是我去找 陌生人寻求帮助。

I apologize profusely

我经常要道歉，

and I ask them to stand guard outside my cubicle door.

让人们站在我的 独立间门外帮我看着。

They do

他们帮了这个忙，

and I emerge grateful

然后我很感激，

but absolutely mortified,

但也难免羞愧，

and hope that they didn't notice

我希望他们没有注意到

that I left the bathroom without washing my hands.

我没有洗手就离开了洗手间。

I carry hand sanitizer with me every single day

我每天随身携带净手液，

because the sink, soap dispenser, hand dryer and mirror

因为洗手池，皂液器， 干手机以及镜子，

are all out of my reach.

我统统都够不到。

Now, the accessible bathroom is somewhat of an option.

无障碍洗手间从某种程度上说 是我的一个选择。

In this space, I can reach the lock on the door,

在那里，我可以够到门上的锁，

the sink, the soap dispenser, the hand dryer and the mirror.

洗手池，皂液器， 干手机以及镜子，

Yet, I cannot use the toilet.

然而，我够不到马桶。

It is deliberately designed higher

它的设计比一般马桶高，

so that wheelchair users can transfer across with ease.

让坐在轮椅上的人 可以轻易从轮椅转到马桶上。

This is a wonderful and necessary innovation,

这是一个很棒的， 而且很有必要的创新。

but in the design world, when we describe a new project or idea as accessible,

但是在设计世界里，当我们描述 一个无障碍的新项目或新概念时，

what does that mean?

是什么意思呢？

Who is it accessible to?

对谁是无障碍的？

And whose needs are not being accommodated for?

哪些人的需要没有被 纳入考虑范围之内？

Now, the bathroom is an example

洗手间是一个

of where design impinges upon my dignity,

设计打击了我的尊严的例子。

but the physical environment impacts upon me in much more casual ways too,

但是物理环境也在时时影响着我，

something as simple as ordering a cup of coffee.

一些简单的就如买咖啡这样的事情。

Now, I'll admit it.

现在，我承认，

I drink far too much coffee.

我喝了太多的咖啡。

My order is a skinny vanilla latte,

我通常会要一杯细长的香草拿铁，

but I'm trying to wean myself off the syrup.

但是尝试着不去加糖浆。

But the coffee shop, it's not designed well,

但是咖啡店设计得不够周到，

at least not for me.

至少对我来说。

Queuing, I'm standing beside the pastry cabinet

我站在糕点橱窗旁边排队，

and the barista calls for the next order.

咖啡师叫了下一个人点单。

"Next, please!" they shout.

“下一位顾客！”他们叫道。

They can't see me.

他们看不见我。

The person next to me in the queue points to my existence

队伍中站在我旁边的人 将我指给他们看，

and everyone is embarrassed.

然后每个人都很尴尬。

I order as quick as I can and I move along to collect my coffee.

我尽可能的快速点单， 然后去拿我的咖啡。

Now, think just for a second.

现在，稍微想一下。

Where do they put it?

他们把咖啡放在哪里了？

Up high and without a lid.

高高的柜台上，还没有盖子。

Reaching up to collect a coffee that I have paid for

伸手去拿一杯我付过钱的咖啡，

is an incredibly dangerous experience.

是一件十分危险的事情。

But design also impinges on the clothes that I want to wear.

不仅如此，设计也影响了 我想穿的衣服。

I want garments that reflect my personality.

我想要的衣物是那种 可以突出我个性的。

It's difficult to find in the childrenswear department.

但在儿童装里很难 发现那样的款式。

And often womenswear requires far too many alterations.

而且正常女装常常需要 做很多的改动。

I want shoes that affect my maturity, professionalism and sophistication.

我想要能够突出我的 成熟，职业性和高雅的鞋子。

Instead, I'm offered sneakers with Velcro straps and light-up shoes.

然而，我常常被推荐带自粘搭扣的 球鞋和会发光的鞋。

Now, I'm not totally opposed to light-up shoes.

现在，我对发光的鞋已经不那么抗拒了。

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

But design also impacts on such simple things,

但是设计也在影响着 如此简单的事情，

like sitting on a chair.

比如坐在椅子上。

I cannot go from a standing to a seating position with grace.

我不能优雅地进行 从站立到坐在椅子上的转换。

Due to the standards of design heights of chairs,

因为椅子设计高度的标准，

I have to crawl on my hands and knees

我不得不用上手和膝盖，

just to get on top of it,

仅仅是为了爬到椅子上面。

whilst also being conscious that it might tip over at any stage.

而且尽管如此小心， 还是有可能随时翻倒。

But whilst design impacts on me

但是当设计影响到了我，

whether it's a chair, a bathroom, a coffee shop, or clothes,

不论是一张椅子，一个洗手间， 一家咖啡店，或是衣物，

I rely on and benefit

我都依靠，并享受着

from the kindness of strangers.

陌生人的善意。

But not everybody is so nice.

然而不是每个人都那么友善。

I'm reminded that I'm a little person

每当有陌生人对我指指点点，

when a stranger points,

盯着我，

stares,

嘲笑我，

laughs,

给我取绰号，

calls me a name,

或是拍下我的照片，

or takes a photograph of me.

我都会想到自己的身材缺陷。

This happens almost every day.

这种事几乎每天都会发生。

With the rise of social media, it has given me an opportunity

随着社交网络的普及， 它给了我一个机会

and a platform to have a voice as a blogger and as an activist,

和一个平台去作为一个博主 和行动家，发出自己的声音，

but it has also made me nervous

但它也让我紧张，

that I might become a meme

在没有经过我同意的情况下，

or a viral sensation,

我也许会成为一个表情包，

all without my consent.

或者信息被四处传播。

So let's take a moment right now

那么，现在让我们

to make something very clear.

来澄清一些事情。

The word "midget" is a slur.

“侏儒”这个词是一个侮辱。

It evolved from PT Barnum's era of circuses and freak shows.

它从PT Barnum时代的马戏 和畸形秀进化而来。

Society has evolved.

社会已经进化了。

So should our vocabulary.

我们的词汇也应如此。

Language is a powerful tool.

语言是一个强大的工具。

It does not just name our society.

它不仅仅只给我们的社会命名，

It shapes it.

也会对它进行塑造。

I am incredibly proud to be a little person,

作为一个小个子的人， 我感到无限的自豪，

to have inherited the condition of achondroplasia.

我继承了软骨发育 不全症的状况。

But I am most proud to be Sinead.

但是最让我自豪的，是做我自己。

Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism.

软骨发育不全症是侏儒里 最常见的一种。

Achondroplasia translates as "without cartilage formation."

软骨发育不全症被翻译成 “没有软骨的形成”。

I have short limbs and achondroplastic facial features,

我有短小的四肢 和软骨发育不全症的脸部特征，

my forehead and my nose.

我的额头和我的鼻子。

My arms do not straighten fully,

我的手臂不能完全伸直，

but I can lick my elbow.

但是我可以舔到我的手肘。

I'm not showing you that one.

我不会展示给你们看的。

Achondroplasia occurs in approximately one in every 20,000 births.

软骨发育不全症大概在 每2万个新生婴儿中会有一个。

80 percent of little people are born to two average-height parents.

80%小个子的人有 身高正常的双亲。

That means that anybody in this room could have a child with achondroplasia.

那意味着在场的任何人， 都有可能生育软骨发育不全的后代。

Yet, I inherited my condition from my dad.

然而，我继承了我父亲的状况。

I'd like to show you a photo of my family.

我想要给你们看我的家庭照片。

My mother is average height,

我母亲身高正常，

my father is a little person

我父亲个子矮小，

and I am the eldest of five children.

我是五个孩子中最年长的。

I have three sisters and one brother.

我有三个妹妹和一个弟弟。

They are all average height.

他们身高也都正常。

I am incredibly fortunate to have been born into a family

我对于能够出生在那个家庭里 感到无限的幸运，

that cultivated my curiosity and my tenacity,

它培养了我的 好奇心和坚韧的性格，

that protected me from the unkindness and ignorance of strangers

这在陌生人的恶意和 忽视面前起到了保护作用，

and that armed me with the resilience, creativity and confidence

而且给予了我毅力， 创造力和自信，

that I needed to survive and manipulate the physical environment and society.

我需要这些品格在这个 社会环境中生存和有所作为。

If I was to pinpoint any reason why I am successful,

如果要指出任何 我成功的原因，

it is because I was and I am a loved child,

那是因为我一直都是一个 受到疼爱的孩子，

now, a loved child with a lot of sass and sarcasm,

一个被人疼爱的孩子 也会无理取闹和挖苦别人，

but a loved child nonetheless.

但不论怎样，一直都被宠爱着。

In giving you an insight into who I am today

在介绍了我是谁的同时，

I wanted to offer you a new perspective.

我也想给你们一个新的视角。

I wanted to challenge the idea

我想要挑战那个关于

that design is but a tool to create function and beauty.

设计是一个创造 功能和美丽的概念。

Design greatly impacts upon people's lives,

设计在很大程度上 影响着人们的生活，

all lives.

所有人的生活。

Design is a way in which we can feel included in the world,

设计使我们感受到了 我们是被包容在这个世界里的，

but it is also a way in which we can uphold a person's dignity

同时也是一个我们可以用来 维护一个人尊严

and their human rights.

和人权的方式。

Design can also inflict vulnerability

设计也可以让那些

on a group whose needs aren't considered.

需求被忽略的人产生脆弱感。

So today, I want your perceptions challenged.

所以，今天，我想要 挑战你们的看法。

Who are we not designing for?

我们在设计中忽略了谁？

How can we amplify their voices

我们如何放大他们的声音

and their experiences?

以及他们的体验？

What is the next step?

下一步是什么？

Design is an enormous privilege,

设计是一个巨大的特权，

but it is a bigger responsibility.

同时也是一个更大的责任。

I want you to open your eyes.

我想要你们睁开眼睛，仔细观察。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（观众掌声）