Why design should include everyone | Sinéad Burke

譯者: Winston Szeto 審譯者: NAN-KUN WU

I want to give you a new perspective.

我要給大家一個新視角。

That sounds grandiose, and it is.

聽起來很堂皇，的確是的。

I left Ireland yesterday morning.

昨天早上我離開愛爾蘭。

I traveled from Dublin to New York

我獨自一人從都柏林飛到紐約。

independently.

But the design of an airport,

然而機場、客機和航廈的設計

plane and terminal

offers little independence when you're 105 and a half centimeters tall.

只能給一個身高 105.5 公分的人 丁點的獨立自主。

For Americans, that's 3' 5".

對美國人來說，這等於 3 呎 5 吋。

I was whisked through the airport by airline assistants in a wheelchair.

航空公司助理 給我推輪椅迅速穿越機場。

Now, I don't need to use a wheelchair,

我不需要使用輪椅，

but the design of an airport

但機場的設計 和那裡缺乏無障礙設施，

and its lack of accessibility

means that it's my only way to get through.

意味這是我穿越機場的唯一途徑。

With my carry-on bag between my feet,

我坐著輪椅，雙腿夾著手提行李 經過安檢、出入境審查，

I was wheeled through security, preclearance

and I arrived at my boarding gate.

我到達了登機門。

I use the accessibility services in the airport

我使用機場內的無障礙服務，

because most of the terminal is just not designed with me in mind.

因為航廈大樓大部分地方 都不是為我著想而設計。

Take security, for example.

就以安檢為例。

I'm not strong enough to lift my carry-on bag

我不夠力氣從地面 舉起手提行李放到輸送帶。

from the ground to the carousel.

I stand at eye level with it.

輸送帶及至我站起時眼睛的高度。

And those who work in that space for safety purposes cannot help me

基於安全理由，那裡的工作人員 沒法幫我、給我代勞。

and cannot do it for me.

Design inhibits my autonomy and my independence.

設計抑制我的自主性和獨立性。

But traveling at this size, it isn't all bad.

但以這樣的身型旅行並非全然糟糕。

The leg room in economy is like business class.

經濟艙的座位空間就像商務艙的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I often forget that I'm a little person.

我往往忘記自己是矮個子。

It's the physical environment and society that remind me.

就是物理環境和社會提醒我。

Using a public bathroom is an excruciating experience.

使用公廁是痛苦至極的經驗。

I walk into the cubicle

我走進廁所，卻沒法觸及門上的鎖。

but I can't reach the lock on the door.

I'm creative and resilient.

我富有創意，能屈能伸。

I look around and see if there's a bin that I can turn upside down.

我環顧四周查看有沒有 可以讓我倒轉的垃圾桶。

Is it safe?

這樣做安全嗎？

Not really.

不太安全。

Is it hygienic and sanitary?

這樣做衞生和清潔嗎？

Definitely not.

當然不是。

But the alternative is much worse.

但另一個辦法遠遠更糟。

If that doesn't work, I use my phone.

如果行不通，我就用電話。

It gives me an additional four- to six-inch reach,

它讓我的手臂延長 4 至 6 吋，

and I try to jam the lock closed with my iPhone.

我就嘗試用 iPhone 推門鎖把門鎖上。

Now, I imagine that's not what Jony Ive had in mind when he designed the iPhone,

現在我想像得到這並非強納森．艾維 設計 iPhone 的原意，

but it works.

但這卻奏效。

The alternative is that I approach a stranger.

另一辦法就是我向陌生人請求。

I apologize profusely

我連番道歉， 要求她們站在廁所門外守候。

and I ask them to stand guard outside my cubicle door.

They do

她們照樣去做， 我就心存感恩站起來，

and I emerge grateful

but absolutely mortified,

但我感到非常尷尬，

and hope that they didn't notice

希望她們沒有察覺 我離開洗手間前沒有洗手。

that I left the bathroom without washing my hands.

I carry hand sanitizer with me every single day

我每天都帶著乾洗手，

because the sink, soap dispenser, hand dryer and mirror

因為洗手盆、給皂機、烘手機 和鏡子對我都是高不可攀。

are all out of my reach.

Now, the accessible bathroom is somewhat of an option.

現在無障礙洗手間有點兒差強人意。

In this space, I can reach the lock on the door,

在這個空間，我可以觸及門鎖、

the sink, the soap dispenser, the hand dryer and the mirror.

洗手盆、給皂機、烘手機和鏡子。

Yet, I cannot use the toilet.

然而我還未能使用馬桶。

It is deliberately designed higher

它是特意被設計成較高一點， 讓輪椅使用者輕易轉移到馬桶上。

so that wheelchair users can transfer across with ease.

This is a wonderful and necessary innovation,

這項創新是絕妙和必需的，

but in the design world, when we describe a new project or idea as accessible,

但在設計的領域裡，當我們形容 一個新項目或想法是無障礙時，

what does that mean?

這意味甚麼呢？

Who is it accessible to?

它是對誰無障礙？

And whose needs are not being accommodated for?

誰的需要沒有獲得照顧？

Now, the bathroom is an example

洗手間的設計就是 侵犯我尊嚴的一個例子，

of where design impinges upon my dignity,

but the physical environment impacts upon me in much more casual ways too,

但物理環境也是更不經意地影響我，

something as simple as ordering a cup of coffee.

簡單如點選一杯咖啡也影響我。

Now, I'll admit it.

現在我得承認

I drink far too much coffee.

我實在喝了太多咖啡。

My order is a skinny vanilla latte,

我固定點的是脫脂奶香草拿鐵，

but I'm trying to wean myself off the syrup.

但我正在嘗試戒掉糖漿了。

But the coffee shop, it's not designed well,

然而咖啡店設計不佳， 至少對我來說。

at least not for me.

Queuing, I'm standing beside the pastry cabinet

我站在糕點櫃後排隊時， 咖啡師召喚下一位客人點飲料。

and the barista calls for the next order.

"Next, please!" they shout.

「請下一位！」他們呼喚。

They can't see me.

他們看不見我。

The person next to me in the queue points to my existence

隊中站在我旁邊的人指著我 以示我在，所有人都感到尷尬。

and everyone is embarrassed.

I order as quick as I can and I move along to collect my coffee.

我盡快點飲料， 向前走去拿我那杯咖啡。

Now, think just for a second.

現在試用一秒去想。

Where do they put it?

他們把咖啡放在哪裡？

Up high and without a lid.

放在高處，杯子沒有封蓋。

Reaching up to collect a coffee that I have paid for

伸手去拿我付了錢買的咖啡 是一項異常危險的體驗。

is an incredibly dangerous experience.

But design also impinges on the clothes that I want to wear.

但設計也影響到我想穿的衣服。

I want garments that reflect my personality.

我要衣服反映我的個性。

It's difficult to find in the childrenswear department.

在童裝部很難找到一件。

And often womenswear requires far too many alterations.

女裝往往需要太多修改。

I want shoes that affect my maturity, professionalism and sophistication.

我要鞋子體現我的成熟、 專業精神和豐富經驗。

Instead, I'm offered sneakers with Velcro straps and light-up shoes.

人們反而給我附有魔鬼氈的 運動鞋和發光運動鞋。

Now, I'm not totally opposed to light-up shoes.

我不是完全反對發光運動鞋。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But design also impacts on such simple things,

然而設計也影響 諸如坐在椅子上這樣簡單的事情。

like sitting on a chair.

I cannot go from a standing to a seating position with grace.

我總不能優雅地由直立轉為坐下。

Due to the standards of design heights of chairs,

由於座椅的高度設計標準，

I have to crawl on my hands and knees

我要用雙手和雙膝才能爬到座椅上，

just to get on top of it,

whilst also being conscious that it might tip over at any stage.

同時擔心座椅可能隨時倒下。

But whilst design impacts on me

雖然設計影響著我， 無論座椅、洗手間、咖啡店或衣服，

whether it's a chair, a bathroom, a coffee shop, or clothes,

I rely on and benefit

我依靠著陌生人的善心而獲益不少。

from the kindness of strangers.

But not everybody is so nice.

然而並非每個人都這樣好。

I'm reminded that I'm a little person

當陌生人指向我、瞪我、笑我、侮辱我 或給我拍照，就提醒我還是矮個子。

when a stranger points,

stares,

laughs,

calls me a name,

or takes a photograph of me.

This happens almost every day.

這種事幾乎每天都發生。

With the rise of social media, it has given me an opportunity

社交媒體興起使我有機會經營部落格

and a platform to have a voice as a blogger and as an activist,

和成為活躍分子， 利用它作平台發聲，

but it has also made me nervous

但也使我擔心自己會在未經同意下 變成迷因或一夕爆紅。

that I might become a meme

or a viral sensation,

all without my consent.

So let's take a moment right now

現在就讓我們花點時間 把事情弄得清清楚楚。

to make something very clear.

The word "midget" is a slur.

「侏儒」這個詞是蔑稱。

It evolved from PT Barnum's era of circuses and freak shows.

它是從巴納姆時代的 馬戲團和畸形秀演變而成。

Society has evolved.

社會已經變了。

So should our vocabulary.

我們的語彙也要變了。

Language is a powerful tool.

語言是一項強而有力的工具。

It does not just name our society.

它不只給我們的社會命名。

It shapes it.

它塑造社會。

I am incredibly proud to be a little person,

我為因軟骨發育不全症遺傳 而成為矮個子感到非常自豪。

to have inherited the condition of achondroplasia.

But I am most proud to be Sinead.

但使我最自豪的是身為西尼德。

Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism.

軟骨發育不全症 是侏儒症最常見的形式。

Achondroplasia translates as "without cartilage formation."

軟骨發育不全症的拉丁語源 譯作「沒有軟骨形成」。

I have short limbs and achondroplastic facial features,

我四肢短小，面部特徵如額頭和 鼻子的軟骨發育不全。

my forehead and my nose.

My arms do not straighten fully,

我的雙臂不能完全伸直， 但我卻可以舔自己的肘部。

but I can lick my elbow.

I'm not showing you that one.

我不會向大家示範這個。

Achondroplasia occurs in approximately one in every 20,000 births.

每約 2 萬名新生嬰 就有一名軟骨發育不全症。

80 percent of little people are born to two average-height parents.

80% 矮個子的雙親皆是中等身高。

That means that anybody in this room could have a child with achondroplasia.

這意味這房間內任何人都可能 有一名軟骨發育不全的子女。

Yet, I inherited my condition from my dad.

然而我是因父親遺傳而有這狀況。

I'd like to show you a photo of my family.

我想給大家看看我的全家福照片。

My mother is average height,

我的母親是中等身高，

my father is a little person

我的父親是矮個子， 而我是五名子女中最年長的。

and I am the eldest of five children.

I have three sisters and one brother.

我有三名妹妹和一名弟弟。

They are all average height.

他們都是中等身高。

I am incredibly fortunate to have been born into a family

我十分榮幸能夠誕生在這個家庭，

that cultivated my curiosity and my tenacity,

這個家庭培養我的好奇心和韌力，

that protected me from the unkindness and ignorance of strangers

讓我免受陌生人的 不友善對待和愚昧影響，

and that armed me with the resilience, creativity and confidence

使我能屈能伸、 充滿創意、信心十足，

that I needed to survive and manipulate the physical environment and society.

這些特質都是我所賴以生存 和駕馭物理環境和社會。

If I was to pinpoint any reason why I am successful,

假如我要點出我成功的 任何一個原因，

it is because I was and I am a loved child,

那就是我一直到現在 都是一個受寵愛的孩子，

now, a loved child with a lot of sass and sarcasm,

一個現在口沒遮攔、 尖酸刻薄的受寵愛孩子，

but a loved child nonetheless.

但畢竟還是受寵愛孩子。

In giving you an insight into who I am today

今天我讓大家了解我是誰， 就是想給大家一個新視角。

I wanted to offer you a new perspective.

I wanted to challenge the idea

我要挑戰的一個想法，

that design is but a tool to create function and beauty.

就是設計不外乎是 營造功能和美感的工具。

Design greatly impacts upon people's lives,

設計大大影響人們的生活， 所有人的生活。

all lives.

Design is a way in which we can feel included in the world,

設計是讓我們感到 獲世界接納的一種方式，

but it is also a way in which we can uphold a person's dignity

也是讓我們維護一個人的 尊嚴和人權的一種方式。

and their human rights.

Design can also inflict vulnerability

設計也可以使某一群體 處於弱勢，其需要得不到考慮。

on a group whose needs aren't considered.

So today, I want your perceptions challenged.

所以我想在今天挑戰各位的觀念。

Who are we not designing for?

我們設計時忽略了誰？

How can we amplify their voices

我們可以怎樣放大他們的聲音、 增強他們的體驗？

and their experiences?

What is the next step?

下一步是甚麼？

Design is an enormous privilege,

設計是一項龐大的特權， 但也涉及更大的責任。

but it is a bigger responsibility.

I want you to open your eyes.

我想大家睜開眼睛。

Thank you so much.

感謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）