Art can heal PTSD's invisible wounds | Melissa Walker

121,164 views ・ 2016-11-02

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Conway Ye 校对人员: Junyi Sha
00:12
You are a high-ranking military service member
0
12880
3376
你是一个高级军官,
00:16
deployed to Afghanistan.
1
16280
1960
现服役于阿富汗。
00:19
You are responsible for the lives
2
19840
2536
你要对上百个
00:22
of hundreds of men and women,
3
22400
2136
男兵女兵的生命负责。
00:24
and your base is under attack.
4
24560
2160
你的基地遭到袭击。
00:27
Incoming mortar rounds are exploding all around you.
5
27855
3505
散落的炮弹 在你的身边爆炸。
在尘埃和烟雾中, 你挣扎着想看清,
00:32
Struggling to see through the dust and the smoke,
6
32080
3296
00:35
you do your best to assist the wounded
7
35400
2616
去尽最大努力帮助伤者,
并爬到附近的掩体。
00:38
and then crawl to a nearby bunker.
8
38040
2200
00:41
Conscious but dazed by the blasts,
9
41309
2707
时而有意识, 时而为爆炸所迷茫,
你躺下,尝试 思考刚刚发什么了。
00:44
you lay on your side and attempt to process what has just happened.
10
44040
4160
00:49
As you regain your vision,
11
49800
2336
当你重新获得 你的视觉的时候,
你看到了一个 流血的脸庞,
00:52
you see a bloody face
12
52160
2256
00:54
staring back at you.
13
54440
1320
盯着你。
00:57
The image is terrifying,
14
57480
2200
这个画面让人恐惧,
01:00
but you quickly come to understand
15
60360
2496
但是你很快明白,
01:02
it's not real.
16
62880
1880
这不是真的。
01:06
This vision continues to visit you multiple times a day and in your sleep.
17
66240
5096
这个画面在白天和夜里 多次出现,并持续侵扰着你,
01:11
You choose not to tell anyone for fear of losing your job
18
71360
3336
你决定闭口不谈, 害怕会失去工作,
01:14
or being seen as weak.
19
74720
1680
或被当成弱者。
你给这个画面 取了一个名字,
01:18
You give the vision a name,
20
78080
1896
掩体下血腥的脸,
01:20
Bloody Face in Bunker,
21
80000
2096
简称“掩体血脸”。
01:22
and call it BFIB for short.
22
82120
2320
01:25
You keep BFIB locked away in your mind,
23
85800
3216
你把“掩体血脸” 封锁在你的脑海里,
不为人知地侵扰着你,
01:29
secretly haunting you,
24
89040
1776
01:30
for the next seven years.
25
90840
3320
整整七年。
01:35
Now close your eyes.
26
95680
1600
现在闭上你的眼睛,
你能看到“掩体血脸”吗?
01:39
Can you see BFIB?
27
99160
1360
01:43
If you can, you're beginning to see the face
28
103840
2536
如果你可以, 你就能够看到
01:46
of the invisible wounds of war,
29
106400
2416
战争无形创伤的样子,
01:48
commonly known as post-traumatic stress disorder
30
108840
2856
称作“创伤后应激障碍”
01:51
and traumatic brain injury.
31
111720
1440
或者创伤性脑损伤。
01:54
While I can't say I have post-traumatic stress disorder,
32
114320
2696
虽然我没有得过 创伤后应激障碍,
但是我对它并不陌生。
01:57
I've never been a stranger to it.
33
117040
1920
01:59
When I was a little girl, I would visit my grandparents every summer.
34
119800
4000
当我还是个小女孩的时候, 我会在每个夏天拜访祖父母,
02:04
It was my grandfather
35
124680
1296
我的祖父,
他告诉我了战争的心理影响。
02:06
who introduced me to the effects of combat on the psyche.
36
126000
3400
02:10
While my grandfather was serving as a Marine in the Korean War,
37
130640
3696
当我祖父在朝鲜战争 服役海军的时候,
02:14
a bullet pierced his neck and rendered him unable to cry out.
38
134360
3880
一颗子弹穿过他的脖子, 让他无法叫出声。
02:19
He watched as a corpsman passed him over,
39
139280
2615
他看见医护兵 从他身边走过,
02:21
declaring him a goner,
40
141919
1537
以为他已经无药可治,
02:23
and then leaving him to die.
41
143480
1640
把他留下等待死亡。
02:26
Years later, after his physical wounds had healed
42
146960
2616
几年过后, 当身体的伤痊愈,
02:29
and he'd returned home,
43
149600
1616
他回到家,
02:31
he rarely spoke of his experiences in waking life.
44
151240
3560
他却很少在清醒的时候 说过自己的经历,
02:35
But at night I would hear him shouting obscenities
45
155880
2656
但是晚上, 我能够听到他的怒号
02:38
from his room down the hall.
46
158560
1520
从走廊尽头的房间里传来。
白天我会提醒他, 然后进入房间,
02:41
And during the day I would announce myself as I entered the room,
47
161080
3576
02:44
careful not to startle or agitate him.
48
164680
2800
小心翼翼地, 生怕惊吓或激怒他。
02:48
He lived out the remainder of his days
49
168880
2536
他就这样, 度过了剩下的日子,
02:51
isolated and tight-lipped,
50
171440
2096
孤独和紧张的,
02:53
never finding a way to express himself,
51
173560
2776
找不到一个表达自己的方式,
02:56
and I didn't yet have the tools to guide him.
52
176360
2760
那时候我还没有找到 能够引导他的方式。
03:01
I wouldn't have a name for my grandfather's condition
53
181560
2536
我也不知道 他那种疾病的名字,
直到我20岁的时候。
03:04
until I was in my 20s.
54
184120
1760
03:06
Seeking a graduate degree in art therapy,
55
186880
3056
攻读艺术治疗的学位,
03:09
I naturally gravitated towards the study of trauma.
56
189960
3240
我自然而然地 倾向创伤的研究,
03:14
And while sitting in class learning about post-traumatic stress disorder,
57
194480
3456
当我在教室 学习创伤后应激障碍时,
03:17
or PTSD for short,
58
197960
1600
简称PTSD,
03:20
my mission to help service members who suffered like my grandfather
59
200320
3696
帮助像我祖父一样 的军人的目标
开始在我心中确立。
03:24
began to take form.
60
204040
1440
创伤后应激障碍有很多名字,
03:27
We've had various names for post-traumatic stress
61
207160
2656
03:29
throughout the history of war:
62
209840
1600
在战争历史上:
03:32
homesickness,
63
212480
1360
乡愁,
03:34
soldier's heart,
64
214400
1280
神经性循环衰弱,
03:36
shell shock,
65
216600
1200
炮弹休克症,
03:38
thousand-yard stare, for instance.
66
218640
2080
目光呆滞等等。
03:41
And while I was pursuing my degree, a new war was raging,
67
221760
3656
在我攻读学位的时候, 一场战争爆发,
03:45
and thanks to modern body armor and military vehicles,
68
225440
3216
感谢现代装备和军用交通工具,
03:48
service members were surviving blast injuries they wouldn't have before.
69
228680
3760
军人爆炸受伤 的存活率达到历史新高。
03:53
But the invisible wounds were reaching new levels,
70
233800
2816
但是无形伤疤也达到新高,
03:56
and this pushed military doctors and researchers
71
236640
3256
这使得军医和研究人员
03:59
to try and truly understand the effects that traumatic brain injury, or TBI,
72
239920
5296
尝试真正理解创伤性脑损伤, 也就是TBI,
04:05
and PTSD have on the brain.
73
245240
2640
和PTSD对脑的影响。
04:08
Due to advances in technology and neuroimaging,
74
248760
3376
因为科技的进步 和神经影像的发展,
我们现在知道脑部的 布罗卡氏区,就是大脑语言部分
04:12
we now know there's an actual shutdown in the Broca's,
75
252160
3136
04:15
or the speech-language area of the brain, after an individual experiences trauma.
76
255320
4760
会在个人创伤经历后停止工作。
04:21
This physiological change,
77
261400
1816
这个生理变化,
04:23
or speechless terror as it's often called,
78
263240
3096
就是经常被称作的失语症,
04:26
coupled with mental health stigma,
79
266360
2296
伴随心理创伤,
04:28
the fear of being judged
80
268680
1736
怕被歧视和误解
04:30
or misunderstood,
81
270440
1456
的那种恐惧感,
04:31
possibly even removed from their current duties,
82
271920
2656
即使调离了军人岗位,
04:34
has led to the invisible struggles of our servicemen and women.
83
274600
4000
都有可能造成 的无形的痛苦。
04:39
Generation after generation of veterans
84
279840
3576
一代一代的退伍军人
04:43
have chosen not to talk about their experiences,
85
283440
3256
都选择对他们 的经历闭口不谈,
04:46
and suffer in solitude.
86
286720
1920
一个人受苦。
04:50
I had my work cut out for me when I got my first job
87
290960
2936
我的第一份工作非常适合我,
04:53
as an art therapist at the nation's largest military medical center,
88
293920
3656
是在国家最大的军用医疗中心, 沃尔特-里德陆军医疗中心,
04:57
Walter Reed.
89
297600
1200
担任一名艺术治疗医师。
04:59
After working for a few years on a locked-in patient psychiatric unit,
90
299480
3896
在一个心理疾病部门 工作几年后,
05:03
I eventually transferred to the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, NICoE,
91
303400
4896
我被调到国家优秀勇士中心, NICoE,
05:08
which leads TBI care for active duty service members.
92
308320
3360
NICoE在军人TBI 看护有领先地位。
05:12
Now, I believed in art therapy,
93
312760
2176
我相信艺术治疗,
05:14
but I was going to have to convince service members,
94
314960
3016
但是我需要说服一些军人,
强壮的男子气概的军人,
05:18
big, tough, strong, manly military men,
95
318000
3736
05:21
and some women too,
96
321760
1736
和一些女兵,
05:23
to give art-making as a psychotherapeutic intervention a try.
97
323520
4000
让他们尝试把艺术 当作心理治疗。
05:28
The results have been nothing short of spectacular.
98
328680
3840
结果非常可观。
被我们的军人创造了
05:34
Vivid, symbolic artwork
99
334000
2376
05:36
is being created by our servicemen and women,
100
336400
2976
那些生动, 具有象征性的作品。
05:39
and every work of art tells a story.
101
339400
2520
每一件作品讲述着一个故事。
05:43
We've observed that the process of art therapy bypasses
102
343400
2736
我们发现艺术治疗的过程
绕过了脑部的失语症。
05:46
the speech-language issue with the brain.
103
346160
1960
艺术创作接触到了 被封锁的大脑创伤。
05:49
Art-making accesses the same sensory areas of the brain that encode trauma.
104
349040
4320
05:54
Service members can use the art-making to work through their experiences
105
354480
3456
军人能够用艺术创作 表达他们的经历
05:57
in a nonthreatening way.
106
357960
1480
通过一个无害的方式。
06:00
They can then apply words to their physical creations,
107
360280
2896
他们能够把文字 用在创作上,
06:03
reintegrating the left and the right hemispheres of the brain.
108
363200
3400
重新连接左半边 和右半边大脑。
06:08
Now, we've seen this can work with all forms of art --
109
368520
3000
我们发现各种形式 的艺术都可以,
绘画,素描,拼贴,
06:12
drawing, painting, collage --
110
372120
2480
06:15
but what seems to have the most impact
111
375400
2640
但是似乎影响最大的
06:18
is mask-making.
112
378680
1240
是面具制作。
最终,这些无形的伤疤 不仅仅有了一个名字,
06:21
Finally, these invisible wounds don't just have a name,
113
381120
3560
06:25
they have a face.
114
385800
1400
还有了脸。
06:29
And when service members create these masks,
115
389280
2176
当军人创造这些面具的时候,
06:31
it allows them to come to grips, literally, with their trauma.
116
391480
3280
真的,他们能够抓住创伤。
06:35
And it's amazing how often that enables them
117
395680
2296
他们能够打破和开始修复创伤,
06:38
to break through the trauma and start to heal.
118
398000
3200
真令人惊奇。
06:42
Remember BFIB?
119
402800
1280
记得“掩体血脸”吗?
06:46
That was a real experience for one of my patients,
120
406320
3016
那是一位我的病人 的真实经历,
06:49
and when he created his mask,
121
409360
1456
当他创作面具的时候,
06:50
he was able to let go of that haunting image.
122
410840
2880
他能够摆脱画面的困扰。
06:54
Initially, it was a daunting process for the service member,
123
414800
3136
刚开始,对军人来说, 这是一个吓人的过程,
06:57
but eventually he began to think of BFIB as the mask,
124
417960
2976
但是最后,他开始把 “掩体血脸”当成面具,
07:00
not his internal wound,
125
420960
1656
而不是他的内心世界。
07:02
and he would go to leave each session,
126
422640
1856
他离开治疗时,
07:04
he would hand me the mask, and say, "Melissa, take care of him."
127
424520
3040
他给我那个面具,并说: “梅丽莎,照顾好他。”
07:08
Eventually, we placed BFIB in a box to further contain him,
128
428440
4296
最后,我们把“掩体血脸” 放在盒子里,
07:12
and when the service member went to leave the NICoE,
129
432760
2456
当那个军人 离开NICoE的时候,
07:15
he chose to leave BFIB behind.
130
435240
2040
他选择留下“掩体血脸”。
07:18
A year later, he had only seen BFIB twice,
131
438240
2656
一年后,他只见到“掩体血脸”两次,
07:20
and both times BFIB was smiling
132
440920
1696
而且“掩体血脸”在笑,
07:22
and the service member didn't feel anxious.
133
442640
2160
军人不再感到紧张。
现在,当那个军人 被创伤记忆所侵扰时,
07:26
Now, whenever that service member is haunted by some traumatic memory,
134
446000
3336
07:29
he continues to paint.
135
449360
1440
他会继续绘画。
每一次他画这些 令人不安的画面时,
07:32
Every time he paints these disturbing images,
136
452000
2616
07:34
he sees them less or not at all.
137
454640
2720
他很少或者不会看到它们。
哲学家告诉我们上千年来,
07:39
Philosophers have told us for thousands of years
138
459000
3696
07:42
that the power to create
139
462720
1256
创造的力量,
是和摧毁的力量 紧紧相关的。
07:44
is very closely linked to the power to destroy.
140
464000
2760
07:47
Now science is showing us that the part of the brain
141
467720
2456
现在科学告诉我们
07:50
that registers a traumatic wound
142
470200
2016
造成创伤的大脑部分
07:52
can be the part of the brain where healing happens too.
143
472240
2880
也是发生修复的部分。
07:55
And art therapy is showing us how to make that connection.
144
475800
3080
艺术治疗展示我们 如何将它们连接起来。
08:00
We asked one of our service members
145
480320
1896
我们让一个军人
08:02
to describe how mask-making impacted his treatment,
146
482240
3336
去形容面具制作 是怎样影响他的治疗的,
08:05
and this is what he had to say.
147
485600
1600
这是他的回复-
08:07
(Video) Service Member: You sort of just zone out into the mask.
148
487760
3056
(音频) 军人:你好像进入了面具中,
08:10
You zone out into the drawing,
149
490840
1456
你进入了绘画中,
08:12
and for me, it just released the block,
150
492320
4000
对于我来说,它释放了积压,
08:16
so I was able to do it.
151
496920
2656
所以我能够做下去。
08:19
And then when I looked at it after two days, I was like,
152
499600
3616
然后当我在两天后看着 它的时候,我说:
08:23
"Holy crap, here's the picture, here's the key, here's the puzzle,"
153
503240
3336
“我的天哪,这就是那个画面, 就是那个钥匙,就是那个谜团,”
08:26
and then from there it just soared.
154
506600
2056
然后它就这样离开。
08:28
I mean, from there my treatment just when out of sight,
155
508680
3456
我的意思是, 治疗就这样结束了,
因为他们让我解释一下这些,
08:32
because they were like, Kurt, explain this, explain this.
156
512160
2696
08:34
And for the first time in 23 years,
157
514880
1816
然后23年来第一次,
08:36
I could actually talk about stuff openly to, like, anybody.
158
516720
2896
我能够像普通人一样 谈论这些事情。
08:39
I could talk to you about it right now if I wanted to,
159
519640
3096
如果我想,我现在 就能够告诉你们,
08:42
because it unlocked it.
160
522760
2656
因为它的封锁被解除了。
08:45
It's just amazing.
161
525440
1256
太神奇了。
08:46
And it allowed me to put 23 years of PTSD
162
526720
4680
它能够把我23年的PTSD
08:52
and TBI stuff together in one place
163
532280
5976
和TBI抛之脑后,
08:58
that has never happened before.
164
538280
2120
从来没有过。
不好意思。
09:02
Sorry.
165
542040
1200
09:03
Melissa Walker: Over the past five years,
166
543920
1976
梅丽莎 沃尔克:过去的五年里,
09:05
we've had over 1,000 masks made.
167
545920
3816
我们制作了一千个面具。
09:09
It's pretty amazing, isn't it?
168
549760
1429
很神奇,对吗?
09:12
Thank you.
169
552640
1216
谢谢。
09:13
(Applause)
170
553880
2520
(鼓掌)
09:19
I wish I could have shared this process with my grandfather,
171
559440
3120
我希望我能够跟 我的祖父分享这个过程,
09:23
but I know that he would be thrilled
172
563800
2040
我知道他会很激动,
因为我们发现了
09:27
that we are finding ways
173
567040
1656
09:28
to help today's and tomorrow's service members heal,
174
568720
3120
帮助现在和未来军人治愈
09:33
and finding the resources within them
175
573400
2360
和找到内心痛苦 的源头的方法,
09:36
that they can call upon
176
576640
1696
让他们能够自省
09:38
to heal themselves.
177
578360
2000
并自我治愈。
09:41
Thank you.
178
581680
1216
谢谢。
09:42
(Applause)
179
582920
4354
(鼓掌)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7