Frederick Balagadde: Bio-lab on a microchip

17,161 views ・ 2010-04-21

TED


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翻译人员: Jiang Chunhui 校对人员: Chaoran Yu
00:16
The greatest irony in global health
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全球医疗事业最大的讽刺在于
00:18
is that the poorest countries
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那些最为贫穷的国家
00:20
carry the largest disease burden.
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同时也是最为病魔缠身的国家
00:23
If we resize the countries of the globe
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如果我们对全球各国
00:25
in proportion to the subject of interest,
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按各种疾病的严重程度进行排序的话
00:27
we see that Sub-Saharan Africa
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我们会发现撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲
00:29
is the worst hit region by HIV/AIDS.
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是艾滋病最为肆虐的地区
00:32
This is the most devastating epidemic of our time.
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而这是世界上目前最致命的传染性疾病
00:35
We also see that this region
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我们还会发现这一地区
00:37
has the least capability in terms of dealing with the disease.
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在应对艾滋病方面恰恰是最无能为力的
00:40
There are very few doctors
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那里缺乏医生
00:42
and, quite frankly, these countries do not have the resources
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而且老实说,那些国家根本不具备
00:44
that are needed to cope
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应对艾滋病的
00:46
with such epidemics.
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必要物资
00:48
So what the Western countries,
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西方发达国家
00:50
developed countries, have generously done
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为他们慷慨解囊
00:52
is they have proposed to provide free drugs
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免费提供药品
00:54
to all people in Third World countries
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给所有第三世界国家
00:56
who actually can't afford these medications.
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给买不起这些药的人们
00:58
And this has already saved millions of lives,
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这种义举已经挽救了数以百万计的生命
01:01
and it has prevented entire economies
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也把撒哈拉南部非洲各国的经济
01:03
from capsizing in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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从沉没边缘挽救了回来
01:06
But there is a fundamental problem
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但还有一个最基本的问题
01:10
that is killing the efforts
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就是抗艾滋斗争
01:12
in fighting this disease,
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为此拖了后腿
01:14
because if you keep throwing
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那就是,假如你不停提供药品
01:16
drugs out at people
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给那些
01:19
who don't have diagnostic services,
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得不到有效诊断的人们
01:21
you end up creating a problem of drug resistance.
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就会导致病毒抗药性增强的问题
01:24
This is already beginning to happen in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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这个现象已开始在萨哈拉以南非洲地区显现
01:27
The problem is that,
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问题在于
01:29
what begins as a tragedy in the Third World
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始于第三世界国家的悲剧
01:32
could easily become a global problem.
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很容易就会演变为全球性的问题
01:34
And the last thing we want to see
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我们最不愿意见到的事情
01:36
is drug-resistant strains of HIV
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就是产生了抗药性的艾滋病毒
01:38
popping up all over the world,
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在全球各地疯狂传播
01:40
because it will make treatment more expensive
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这样一来要治好它就会逾发昂贵
01:43
and it could also restore
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从而导致人类抗艾斗争重回
01:46
the pre-ARV carnage of HIV/AIDS.
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抗逆转录病毒药物出现前的黑暗时代
01:48
I experienced this firsthand
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我在乌干达上中学的时候
01:50
as a high school student in Uganda.
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就曾亲眼目睹过这样一个时代
01:52
This was in the 90s
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那是上世纪90年代
01:54
during the peak of the HIV epidemic,
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艾滋病流行最高峰时期的事儿了
01:56
before there were any ARVs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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当时萨南非洲还没有任何的抗逆转录病毒药
01:59
And during that time, I actually lost more relatives,
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那几年中,我大多数的亲人
02:02
as well as the teachers who taught me,
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还有给我上课的老师
02:04
to HIV/AIDS.
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都死于艾滋病
02:06
So this became one of the driving passions of my life,
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所以,我人生中最大的目标之一
02:09
to help find real solutions
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就是寻找一个有效的办法
02:12
that could address these kinds of problems.
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来解决这个问题
02:16
We all know about the miracle of miniaturization.
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我们都见识过微型化技术的神奇
02:19
Back in the day, computers used to fill this entire room,
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从前的电脑能填满这一整个屋子
02:22
and people actually used to work inside the computers.
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人们使用它的时候还得钻到它里面去
02:25
But what electronic miniaturization has done
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但是随着电子技术微型化的发展
02:28
is that it has allowed people to shrink
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人们已经可以把最新的科技成果
02:30
technology into a cell phone.
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缩到一个手机那么小的体积
02:32
And I'm sure everyone here enjoys cell phones
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我想在座的各位对手机都很有爱吧
02:34
that can actually be used in the remote areas of the world,
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这东西在偏远的第三世界国家
02:37
in the Third World countries.
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能派上大用场
02:40
The good news is that the same technology
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好消息是,我们在微缩电子产品体积的过程中
02:42
that allowed miniaturization of electronics
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所使用的技术
02:44
is now allowing us to miniaturize
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也可以用来微缩
02:47
biological laboratories.
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生物实验室
02:49
So, right now, we can actually miniaturize
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所以,如今,我们可以把
02:51
biological and chemistry laboratories
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生化实验室
02:54
onto microfluidic chips.
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给微缩到微流体芯片上
02:56
I was very lucky to come
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我很幸运
02:58
to the US right after high school,
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高中毕业之后就直接来到美国
03:00
and was able to work on this technology
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并且还能参与这项技术的研究
03:02
and develop some devices.
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为它研发相关设备
03:05
This is a microfluidic chip that I developed.
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这就是我发明的一种微流体芯片
03:08
A close look at how the technology works:
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我来详细解释一下这种技术的工作原理:
03:10
These are channels that are about the size of a human hair --
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这些管道跟人的头发差不多粗细
03:13
so you have integrated valves, pumps, mixers and injectors --
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你可以在上面装上阀门、泵、注射器和混合器
03:16
so you can fit entire diagnostic experiments
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把整套诊断化验设备
03:19
onto a microfluidic system.
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都装到一个微流体芯片上去
03:22
So what I plan to do with this technology
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我想做的是
03:24
is to actually take the current state
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利用目前的
03:26
of the technology
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这种技术
03:28
and build an HIV kit
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来把一个艾滋病化验室
03:30
in a microfluidic system.
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集成到一个芯片上去
03:32
So, with one microfluidic chip,
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那样,只要有一个
03:34
which is the size of an iPhone,
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跟iPhone差不多大小的芯片
03:37
you can actually diagnose
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就可以同时诊断
03:39
100 patients at the same time.
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上百位病人
03:42
For each patient, we will be able to do
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为每位病人做多达百组的
03:44
up to 100 different viral loads per patient.
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病毒负荷量检测
03:47
And this is only done in four hours,
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这一切仅需四小时
03:49
50 times faster than the current state of the art,
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比现有方法快五十倍
03:52
at a cost that will be five to 500 times cheaper
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价格却只有它的
03:55
than the current options.
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五百分之一
03:57
So this will allow us to create
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这将允许我们在第三世界国家
03:59
personalized medicines in the Third World
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创造出个性化治疗的条件
04:02
at a cost that is actually achievable
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并且价格完全可接受
04:05
and make the world a safer place.
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从而使世界变得更加安全
04:07
I invite your interest
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我希望大家能关注这项技术
04:09
as well as your involvement
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更希望你们能投入进来
04:11
in driving this vision
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使我们的这个愿景
04:13
to a point of practical reality.
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能够早日实现
04:15
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
04:17
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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