Frederick Balagadde: Bio-lab on a microchip

17,186 views ・ 2010-04-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hojung Cho κ²€ν† : Tae-Hoon Chung
00:16
The greatest irony in global health
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전세계 보건에 κ΄€ν•΄ 제일 역섀적인 사싀은
00:18
is that the poorest countries
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κ°€μž₯ κ°€λ‚œν•œ ꡭ가듀이
00:20
carry the largest disease burden.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ— κ΄€ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 뢀담을 지고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
If we resize the countries of the globe
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전세계 ꡭ가듀을 κ·Έ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ
00:25
in proportion to the subject of interest,
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이해관계에 λΉ„λ‘€ν•΄μ„œ 크기λ₯Ό μ‘°μ •ν•΄ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
00:27
we see that Sub-Saharan Africa
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μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 이남 아프리카 지역이
00:29
is the worst hit region by HIV/AIDS.
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 타격을 λ°›λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
This is the most devastating epidemic of our time.
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆλŠ” 우리 μ‹œλŒ€ κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ „μ—Όλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
We also see that this region
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또 이 지역은 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이
00:37
has the least capability in terms of dealing with the disease.
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κ°€μž₯ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 곳이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
There are very few doctors
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μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 적고
00:42
and, quite frankly, these countries do not have the resources
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μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§ν•΄μ„œ 이 ꡭ가듀은
00:44
that are needed to cope
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 전염병에 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ
00:46
with such epidemics.
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λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μžμ›μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
So what the Western countries,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ„œλ°© κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό 선진ꡭ듀이
00:50
developed countries, have generously done
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μ‹€μ œ 약을 μ‚΄ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ—†λŠ”
00:52
is they have proposed to provide free drugs
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제3세계 κ΅­κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ
00:54
to all people in Third World countries
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약을 무료둜 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜κ² λ‹€λŠ”
00:56
who actually can't afford these medications.
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μ„ μ˜μ˜ μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
And this has already saved millions of lives,
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 이미 수백 만 λͺ…μ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ κ΅¬ν–ˆκ³ 
01:01
and it has prevented entire economies
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또 μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 이남 κ΅­κ°€λ“€ 경제 전체가
01:03
from capsizing in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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κ³΅λ©Έν•˜λŠ” 것을 막기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
But there is a fundamental problem
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, 아직 근본적인 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
01:10
that is killing the efforts
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 도움듀이 μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό μ‹Έμš°κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”
01:12
in fighting this disease,
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λ…Έλ ₯을 μ‚¬κ·ΈλΌλ“€κ²Œν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
because if you keep throwing
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λ§Œμ•½ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 진단을
01:16
drugs out at people
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 받을 수 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
01:19
who don't have diagnostic services,
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계속 약을 λ‚˜λˆ μ£ΌκΈ°λ§Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
01:21
you end up creating a problem of drug resistance.
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κ²°κ΅­ κ·Έ 약에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚΄μ„±λ§Œ μƒκΈ°κ²Œ ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
This is already beginning to happen in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 이남 아프리카 지역에선
01:27
The problem is that,
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이미 이 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
01:29
what begins as a tragedy in the Third World
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제3μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λΉ„κ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 것이,
01:32
could easily become a global problem.
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μ‰½κ²Œ 전세계적인 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이고
01:34
And the last thing we want to see
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κ°€μž₯ λͺ©κ²©ν•˜κΈ° λ‘λ €μš΄ 건,
01:36
is drug-resistant strains of HIV
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μ•½μ œ 내성을 가진 μ—μ΄μ¦ˆ 병원체듀이
01:38
popping up all over the world,
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전세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ μΆœν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것인데
01:40
because it will make treatment more expensive
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면 μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” λ”μš± 비싸지고,
01:43
and it could also restore
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ν•­λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ œμ œκ°€ μ—†λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆ μ—μ΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μ΄ˆλž˜ν–ˆλ˜
01:46
the pre-ARV carnage of HIV/AIDS.
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 인λͺ… 희생이 μž¬ν˜„λ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
I experienced this firsthand
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μ œκ°€ μš°κ°„λ‹€μ—μ„œ 고등학생일 λ•Œ
01:50
as a high school student in Uganda.
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이런 일을 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
This was in the 90s
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1990λ…„λŒ€ μ—μ΄μ¦ˆκ°€ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ°½κΆν•˜κ³ 
01:54
during the peak of the HIV epidemic,
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μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막 이남 아프리카 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ
01:56
before there were any ARVs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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아직 ν•­λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ œμ œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ° μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
And during that time, I actually lost more relatives,
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κ·Έ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ €λŠ” μ—μ΄μ¦ˆμ—
02:02
as well as the teachers who taught me,
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μ €λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£Όμ‹  μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:04
to HIV/AIDS.
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λ§Žμ€ μΉœμ²™λ“€μ„ μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
So this became one of the driving passions of my life,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μΈμƒμ—μ„œ 열정을 λ‹€ν•˜λŠ” 일 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€,
02:09
to help find real solutions
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
02:12
that could address these kinds of problems.
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ 방법듀을 μ°ΎλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
We all know about the miracle of miniaturization.
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μ†Œν˜•ν™”κ°€ μ£ΌλŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 기적에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„  λ‹€λ“€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Back in the day, computers used to fill this entire room,
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μ˜ˆμ „ 컴퓨터듀은 이 λ°© 전체λ₯Ό ν•œκ°€λ“ μ±„μšΈ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ»Έκ³ ,
02:22
and people actually used to work inside the computers.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 컴퓨터 μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€ μΌν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
But what electronic miniaturization has done
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „μžμ œν’ˆμ˜ μ†Œν˜•ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해
02:28
is that it has allowed people to shrink
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κΈ°μˆ μ§‘μ•½μ„ 이루어 λƒˆκ³  κ²°κ΅­
02:30
technology into a cell phone.
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무선전화λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
And I'm sure everyone here enjoys cell phones
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” 뢄듀이 μ¦κ²¨μ“°μ‹œλŠ” 무선전화가
02:34
that can actually be used in the remote areas of the world,
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제3세계 κ΅­κ°€, μ–΄λŠ μ™Έμ§€μ—μ„œλ„
02:37
in the Third World countries.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
The good news is that the same technology
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ν•œ 가지 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€ 이와 같은
02:42
that allowed miniaturization of electronics
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μ „μžμ œν’ˆμ˜ μ†Œν˜•ν™”λ₯Ό 이루어낸 λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 기술이
02:44
is now allowing us to miniaturize
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생물 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ˜ μ†Œν˜•ν™”λ₯Ό
02:47
biological laboratories.
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κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
So, right now, we can actually miniaturize
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사싀 μ§€κΈˆλ„ λ‹Ήμž₯ 생물 ν™”ν•™ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€λ“€μ„
02:51
biological and chemistry laboratories
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이 microfluidic(λ―Έμ„Έμœ μ²΄ν•™) μΉ© μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ
02:54
onto microfluidic chips.
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μ†Œν˜•ν™” μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
I was very lucky to come
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μ „ 운이 μ’‹μ•„μ„œ
02:58
to the US right after high school,
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고등학ꡐλ₯Ό 마치고 λ°”λ‘œ 미ꡭ에 κ±΄λ„ˆμ™€
03:00
and was able to work on this technology
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:02
and develop some devices.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ„ κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
This is a microfluidic chip that I developed.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 μ œκ°€ κ°œλ°œν•œ λ―Έμ„Έμœ μ²΄ν•™ μΉ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
A close look at how the technology works:
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이 기술이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μžμ„Ένžˆ 보자면,
03:10
These are channels that are about the size of a human hair --
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이것듀은 μ‚¬λžŒ 머리카락 크기 μ •λ„μ˜ μ±„λ„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
so you have integrated valves, pumps, mixers and injectors --
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여기에 밸브, νŽŒν”„, ν˜Όν•©κΈ°λ‚˜ μ£Όμž…κΈ°λ“€μ„ κ²°ν•©μ‹œμΌœ
03:16
so you can fit entire diagnostic experiments
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전체 μ§„λ‹¨μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έμœ μ²΄ν•™ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—
03:19
onto a microfluidic system.
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κΌ­ 맞좰 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
So what I plan to do with this technology
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μ œκ°€ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 가지고
03:24
is to actually take the current state
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κ³„νšν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
03:26
of the technology
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:28
and build an HIV kit
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έμœ μ²΄ν•™ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—
03:30
in a microfluidic system.
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆ μ§„λ‹¨ν‚€νŠΈλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
So, with one microfluidic chip,
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그러면 아이폰 정도 크기의
03:34
which is the size of an iPhone,
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λ―Έμ„Έμœ μ²΄ν•™ μΉ© ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ
03:37
you can actually diagnose
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λ™μ‹œμ— 100λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
03:39
100 patients at the same time.
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진단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
For each patient, we will be able to do
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또 ν™˜μž ν•œ λͺ… λ‹Ή λ°± 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ
03:44
up to 100 different viral loads per patient.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 진단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
And this is only done in four hours,
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이것도 4μ‹œκ°„ λ§Œμ— λλ‚˜λŠ”λ°
03:49
50 times faster than the current state of the art,
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ν˜„ μˆ˜μ€€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 50λ°°λŠ” λΉ λ₯΄κ³ 
03:52
at a cost that will be five to 500 times cheaper
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5λ°°μ—μ„œ 500λ°°λŠ” μ €λ ΄ν•˜κ²Œ
03:55
than the current options.
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진단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
So this will allow us to create
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ ν˜„μ‹€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ
03:59
personalized medicines in the Third World
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제3세계에 λ§žμΆ€ν˜• 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό
04:02
at a cost that is actually achievable
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μ œκ³΅ν•  수 있고 전세계λ₯Ό
04:05
and make the world a safer place.
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λ”μš± μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳으둜 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
I invite your interest
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³„νšμ΄ ꡬ체적으둜
04:09
as well as your involvement
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μ‹€ν˜„λ  수 μžˆλ„λ‘,
04:11
in driving this vision
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 관심과 μ•„μšΈλŸ¬
04:13
to a point of practical reality.
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μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Thank you very much.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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