Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Predrag Djordjevic Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

I was one of those kids that, every time I got in the car,

Bila sam jedno od one dece koje je, svaki put kada uđe u auto,

I basically had to roll down the window.

moralo da spusti prozor.

It was usually too hot, too stuffy or just too smelly,

Obično je bilo previše vruće, previše zagušljivo ili smrdljivo,

and my father would not let us use the air conditioner.

a moj otac nam nije dopuštao da koristimo klimu.

He said that it would overheat the engine.

Govorio je da će to pregrejati motor.

And you might remember, some of you,

Možete da se setite, makar neki od vas,

how the cars were back then, and it was

kakvi su bili automobili tada i bio je to

a common problem of overheating.

uobičajeni problem pregrevanja.

But it was also the signal that capped the use,

To je bio signal koji je upućivao na upotrebu

or overuse, of energy-consuming devices.

ili preteranu upotrebu električnih uređaja.

Things have changed now. We have cars that we take across country.

Sada su se stvari promenile. Imamo automobile koje vozimo širom zemlje.

We blast the air conditioning the entire way,

Koristimo klimu tokom čitavog puta

and we never experience overheating.

i nikada se ne susrećemo sa pregrevanjem.

So there's no more signal for us to tell us to stop.

Više nema signala koji bi nas upozorio da stanemo.

Great, right? Well, we have similar problems in buildings.

Sjajno, zar ne? Imamo slične probleme u zgradama.

In the past, before air conditioning, we had thick walls.

U prošlosti, pre klima uređaja, imali smo debele zidove.

The thick walls are great for insulation. It keeps the interior

Debeli zidovi su sjajna izolacija. Oni održavaju enterijer

very cool during the summertime, and warm during the wintertime,

jako hladnim tokom leta i toplim tokom zime,

and the small windows were also very good because

a mali prozori su takođe bili jako dobri

it limited the amount of temperature transfer

zato što su ograničavali razmenu toplote

between the interior and exterior.

između enterijera i eksterijera.

Then in about the 1930s, with the advent of plate glass,

Onda, tokom 1930-ih, sa napretkom u staklenim panelima,

rolled steel and mass production, we were able

valjanom čeliku i masovnoj proizvodnji, mogli smo

to make floor-to-ceiling windows and unobstructed views,

da napravimo prozore od poda do plafona i neometane poglede,

and with that came the irreversible reliance on

a zajedno sa tim je došlo i nepovratno oslanjanje na

mechanical air conditioning to cool our solar-heated spaces.

mehaničke klima uređaje da hlade naše solarno zagrevane prostore.

Over time, the buildings got taller and bigger,

Tokom vremena, građevine su postajale više i više,

our engineering even better, so that the mechanical systems

naše projektovanje sve bolje, tako da su mehanički sistemi

were massive. They require a huge amount of energy.

postali masivni. Oni zahtevaju ogromne količine energije.

They give off a lot of heat into the atmosphere,

Oni odaju mnogo toplote u atmosferu

and for some of you may understand the heat island effect

i neki od vas mogu razumeti efekat termalnog ostrva

in cities, where the urban areas are much more warm

u gradovima, gde su urbane oblasti mnogo toplije

than the adjacent rural areas,

nego okolne ruralne oblasti,

but we also have problems that, when we lose power,

ali takođe imamo i problem da, kada nestane struje,

we can't open a window here, and so

ne možemo tu otvoriti prozor i tako

the buildings are uninhabitable and have to be made vacant

su zgrade nenastanjive i moraju biti prazne

until that air conditioning system can start up again.

sve dok sistemi klima uređaja ne počnu da rade ponovo.

Even worse, with our intention of trying to make buildings

Što je još gore, naša namera da učinimo zgrade

move towards a net-zero energy state, we can't do it

energetski neutralnim je nemoguća

just by making mechanical systems more and more efficient.

pukim podizanjem energetske efikasnosti mehaničkih sistema.

We need to look for something else, and we've gotten ourselves a little bit into a rut.

Moramo potražiti nešto drugo i tu upadamo u kolotečinu.

So what do we do here? How do we pull ourselves and dig us

Šta da uradimo? Kako da se iz toga izvučemo

out of this hole that we've dug?

i izađemo?

If we look at biology, and many of you probably don't know,

Ako se osvrnemo na biologiju, a većina vas verovatno ne zna

I was a biology major before I went into architecture,

da sam diplomirala biologiju a zatim arhitekturu,

the human skin is the organ that naturally regulates

ljudska koža je organ koji prirodno reguliše

the temperature in the body, and it's a fantastic thing.

temperaturu tela i to je jedna fantastična stvar.

That's the first line of defense for the body.

To je prva linija odbrane naših tela.

It has pores, it has sweat glands, it has all these things

Ima pore, znojne žlezde, sve ove stvari

that work together very dynamically and very efficiently,

koje rade zajedno, veoma dinamično i efikasno

and so what I propose is that our building skins

i zato je ono što predlažem da kože naših zgrada

should be more similar to human skin,

treba da budu više nalik ljudskoj koži

and by doing so can be much more dynamic, responsive

i na taj način one mogu biti mnogo dinamičnije, osetljivije

and differentiated, depending on where it is.

i različite, u zavisnosti od toga gde se ta zgrada nalazi.

And this gets me back to my research.

Ovo me vraća na moje istraživanje.

What I proposed first doing is looking at a different material palette to do that.

Predložila sam da se prvo uradi pregled različitih paleta materijala za to.

I presently, or currently, work with smart materials,

Trenutno, radim sa pametnim materijalima

and a smart thermo-bimetal.

i pametnim bimetalima.

First of all, I guess we call it smart because it requires

Pre svega, pretpostavljam da ih nazivamo pametnim zato što ne zahtevaju

no controls and it requires no energy,

nikakvu kontrolu niti zahtevaju energiju,

and that's a very big deal for architecture.

a to je za arhitekturu velika stvar.

What it is, it's a lamination of two different metals together.

To su spojeni slojevi dva različita metala.

You can see that here by the different reflection on this side.

Možete to videti ovde kroz različitu refleksiju na obe strane.

And because it has two different coefficients of expansion,

Zato što ima dva različita koeficijenta širenja,

when heated, one side will expand faster than the other

kada se zagreje, jedna strana će se širiti brže od druge

and result in a curling action.

i kao rezultat dobićemo uvijanje.

So in early prototypes I built these surfaces to try to see

U ranim prototipovima pravila sam ove površine da bih pokušala da vidim

how the curl would react to temperature and possibly allow

kako bi uvojak reagovao na temperaturu i možda dozvolio

air to ventilate through the system,

vazduhu da cirkuliše kroz sistem,

and in other prototypes did surfaces where the multiplicity

a u ostalim sam pravila površine gde je

of having these strips together can try to make

mnogostrukost ovih slojeva trebalo da omogući

bigger movement happen when also heated,

nastanak većih pokreta prilikom zagrevanja

and currently have this installation at the Materials & Applications gallery

i trenutno imam ovu instalaciju u galeriji "Materijali i aplikacije"

in Silver Lake, close by, and it's there until August, if you want to see it.

u Silver Lejku, u blizini i tamo će biti do avgusta, ako želite da je vidite.

It's called "Bloom," and the surface is made completely

Nazvana je "Cvetanje" i površina je u potpunosti napravljena

out of thermo-bimetal, and its intention is to make this canopy

od ovih termo-bimetala, sa namerom je da napravi baldahin

that does two things. One, it's a sun-shading device, so that

koji radi dve stvari. Prvo, to je uređaj koji zaklanja sunce,

when the sun hits the surface, it constricts the amount of sun passing through,

kada sunce obasja površinu, ograničava količinu prolaska sunčeve svetlosti,

and in other areas, it's a ventilating system,

a u ostalim delovima, to je ventilacioni sistem,

so that hot, trapped air underneath can actually

tako da vreo, zarobljen vazduh ispod, zapravo može

move through and out when necessary.

da prolazi kroz njega i napolje kada je to neophodno.

You can see here in this time-lapse video that the sun,

Na ovom ubrzanom snimku možete videti sunce

as it moves across the surface, as well as the shade,

kako se pomera preko površine, isto kao i senka,

each of the tiles moves individually.

tako se svaka pločica pomera zasebno.

Keep in mind, with the digital technology that we have today,

Imajte na umu, da sa digitalnim tehnologijama koje danas imamo,

this thing was made out of about 14,000 pieces

ova stvar je napravljena od oko 14 000 delova

and there's no two pieces alike at all. Every single one is different.

i uopšte ne postoje dva potpuno ista dela. Svaki deo je različit.

And the great thing with that is the fact that we can calibrate

Sjajna stvar u vezi sa tim je da možete da kalibrišete svaki od njih

each one to be very, very specific to its location,

da bude veoma specifičan prema svojoj lokaciji,

to the angle of the sun, and also how the thing actually curls.

prema uglu sunca i prema načinu na koji se uvija.

So this kind of proof of concept project

Dokaz ovog konceptualnog projekta

has a lot of implications

ima mnoštvo implikacija

to actual future application in architecture,

u stvarnim budućim primenama u arhitekturi

and in this case, here you see a house,

i u ovom slučaju, ovde možete videti kuću

that's for a developer in China,

za jednog graditelja u Kini,

and it's actually a four-story glass box.

u stvari, to je četvorospratna staklena kutija.

It's still with that glass box because we still want that visual access,

To je još uvek staklena kutija jer želimo taj vizuelni pristup,

but now it's sheathed with this thermo-bimetal layer,

ali sada je prekrivena ovim termo-bimetalnim slojem,

it's a screen that goes around it, and that layer can actually

to je zaštita koja se proteže oko nje i taj sloj zapravo može

open and close as that sun moves around on that surface.

da se otvori i zatvori prema kretanju sunca preko te površine.

In addition to that, it can also screen areas for privacy,

Može još i da zaštiti delove radi privatnosti,

so that it can differentiate from some of the public areas

tako da može da napravi razliku između nekih javnih mesta

in the space during different times of day.

u prostoru tokom različitih delova dana.

And what it basically implies is that, in houses now,

Ovo ima za posledicu da sada u kućama

we don't need drapes or shutters or blinds anymore

nema potrebe za draperijama i roletnama,

because we can sheath the building with these things,

zato što možemo da obložimo zgradu ovim stvarima,

as well as control the amount of air conditioning you need inside that building.

kao i da kontrolišemo stepen klimatizacije neophodan u njoj.

I'm also looking at trying to develop some building components for the market,

Takođe pokušavam da razvijem neke građevinske komponente za tržište,

and so here you see a pretty typical

tako da ovde vidite prilično tipičan

double-glazed window panel, and in that panel,

dvoslojni panel prozora, a u tom panelu,

between those two pieces of glass, that double-glazing,

između ta dva dela, dva sloja stakla,

I'm trying to work on making

pokušavam da napravim

a thermo-bimetal pattern system

termo-bimetalni strukturni sistem

so that when the sun hits that outside layer

tako da, kada sunce pogodi spoljni sloj

and heats that interior cavity, that thermo-bimetal

i zagreje unutrašnju šupljinu, taj termo-bimetal

will begin to curl, and what actually will happen then

će početi da se uvija i ono što će se tada desiti je

is it'll start to block out the sun

da će početi da blokira sunce

in certain areas of the building,

u određenim delovima zgrade

and totally, if necessary.

ili potpuno, ukoliko je neophodno.

And so you can imagine, even in this application, that

Možete da zamislite, čak i u ovoj primeni,

in a high-rise building where the panel systems go

u visokim zgradama gde se sistemi panela protežu

from floor to floor up to 30, 40 floors, the entire surface

od sprata do sprata sa 30, 40 spratova, čitava površina

could be differentiated at different times of day

može biti različita tokom različitih doba dana

depending on how that sun moves across and hits that surface.

u zavisnosti od toga kako se sunce pomera i pogađa tu površinu.

And these are some later studies that I'm working on

Ovo su neke kasnije studije na kojima sada radim

right now that are on the boards, where you can see,

i koje su na tabli, možete da vidite

in the bottom right-hand corner, with the red, it's actually

u donjem desnom uglu, označeno crvenim,

smaller pieces of thermometal, and it's actually going to,

to su zapravo komadići termo-metala koje pokušavamo

we're trying to make it move like cilia or eyelashes.

da nateramo da se kreću poput cilije ili trepavica.

This last project is also of components.

Ovaj poslednji projekat je takođe sačinjen od komponenti.

The influence -- and if you have noticed, one of my

Uticaj je - a ako ste primetili, jedna od mojih

spheres of influence is biology -- is from a grasshopper.

sfera uticaja je biologija -od skakavca.

And grasshoppers have a different kind of breathing system.

Skakavci imaju različit sistem za disanje.

They breathe through holes in their sides called spiracles,

Oni dišu kroz oduške, rupe na njihovim stranama tela

and they bring the air through and it moves through their system to cool them down,

koje uvlače vazduh koji se kreće kroz njih da bi se rashladili

and so in this project, I'm trying to look at how we can

i u ovom projektu, pokušavam da vidim kako to možemo

consider that in architecture too, how we can bring

da primenimo u arhitekturi, kako možemo da unesemo

air through holes in the sides of a building.

vazduh kroz rupe na stranama zgrade.

And so you see here some early studies of blocks,

Ovde možete da vidite neke rane studije blokova,

where those holes are actually coming through,

gde te rupe zapravo prolaze,

and this is before the thermo-bimetal is applied,

a ovo je pre primene termo-bimetala

and this is after the bimetal is applied. Sorry, it's a little

i nakon primene bimetala. Žao mi je, pomalo je teško videti,

hard to see, but on the surfaces, you can see these red arrows.

ali na površinama možete videti ove crvene strelice.

On the left, it's when it's cold and the thermo-bimetal

Na levoj strani, to je kada je hladno i kada je termo-bimetal ravan,

is flat so it will constrict air from passing through the blocks,

tako da će da sprečiti prolazak vazduha kroz blokove,

and on the right, the thermo-bimetal curls

a na desnoj strani, termo-bimetal se uvija

and allows that air to pass through, so those are two different

i dozvoljava vazduhu da prođe, dakle to su dve različite komponente

components that I'm working on, and again,

na kojima radim

it's a completely different thing, because you can imagine

i to je potpuno različita stvar, zato što možete zamisliti

that air could potentially be coming through the walls

da bi vazduh potencijalno mogao da prolazi kroz zidove

instead of opening windows.

umesto da otvaramo prozore.

So I want to leave you with one last impression about

Želim da vas napustim sa poslednjim utiskom

the project, or this kind of work and using smart materials.

o ovom projektu upotrebe pametnih materijala.

When you're tired of opening and closing those blinds

Kada ste umorni od otvaranja i zatvaranja tih roletni

day after day, when you're on vacation

dan za danom, kada ste na odmoru

and there's no one there on the weekends to be turning off and on the controls,

i nema nikoga ko će tokom vikenda uključivati i isključivati kontrole

or when there's a power outage, and you have

ili kada nestane struje i nemate

no electricity to rely on, these thermo-bimetals

struju na koju bi se oslonili, ovi termo-bimetali

will still be working tirelessly, efficiently

će još uvek raditi neumorno, efikasno

and endlessly. Thank you. (Applause)

i beskrajno. Hvala. (Aplauz)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)