Metal that breathes | Doris Kim Sung

154,002 views ใƒป 2012-10-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I was one of those kids that, every time I got in the car,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
00:19
I basically had to roll down the window.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
00:22
It was usually too hot, too stuffy or just too smelly,
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ืžื“ื™ื™, ื“ื—ื•ืง, ืื• ืกืชื ืžืกืจื™ื—,
00:26
and my father would not let us use the air conditioner.
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ื•ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื–ื’ืŸ.
00:28
He said that it would overheat the engine.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ืžื•ื ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืข.
00:31
And you might remember, some of you,
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ื•ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื,
00:33
how the cars were back then, and it was
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื™ืชืจ
00:35
a common problem of overheating.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
00:37
But it was also the signal that capped the use,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ,
00:41
or overuse, of energy-consuming devices.
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ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœืœื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
00:45
Things have changed now. We have cars that we take across country.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:49
We blast the air conditioning the entire way,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš,
00:52
and we never experience overheating.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื™ืชืจ.
00:53
So there's no more signal for us to tell us to stop.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง.
00:56
Great, right? Well, we have similar problems in buildings.
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ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
01:02
In the past, before air conditioning, we had thick walls.
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื™ื.
01:05
The thick walls are great for insulation. It keeps the interior
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ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช
01:08
very cool during the summertime, and warm during the wintertime,
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ืงืจื™ืจ ื•ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ,
01:12
and the small windows were also very good because
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
01:14
it limited the amount of temperature transfer
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื
01:17
between the interior and exterior.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
01:19
Then in about the 1930s, with the advent of plate glass,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20, ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช,
01:23
rolled steel and mass production, we were able
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ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจื’ืœืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
01:26
to make floor-to-ceiling windows and unobstructed views,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฆืคื” ืœืชืงืจื” ื•ืคื ื•ืจืžื” ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช,
01:30
and with that came the irreversible reliance on
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช
01:33
mechanical air conditioning to cool our solar-heated spaces.
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ืขืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื›ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ืžืžื™ื ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
01:40
Over time, the buildings got taller and bigger,
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ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:43
our engineering even better, so that the mechanical systems
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืฉืชืคืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ื•ืช
01:46
were massive. They require a huge amount of energy.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:50
They give off a lot of heat into the atmosphere,
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ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืคื™ืจื”,
01:52
and for some of you may understand the heat island effect
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ื•ื—ืœืงื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืืคืงื˜ ืื™ ื”ื—ื•ื
01:56
in cities, where the urban areas are much more warm
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื—ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
01:59
than the adjacent rural areas,
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ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
02:02
but we also have problems that, when we lose power,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืคืกืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
02:05
we can't open a window here, and so
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ืืŸ ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ
02:08
the buildings are uninhabitable and have to be made vacant
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืชื
02:11
until that air conditioning system can start up again.
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ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
02:15
Even worse, with our intention of trying to make buildings
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืจื, ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:19
move towards a net-zero energy state, we can't do it
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ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืก ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื ื˜ื• ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
02:24
just by making mechanical systems more and more efficient.
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
02:26
We need to look for something else, and we've gotten ourselves a little bit into a rut.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืฉื’ืจื”.
02:30
So what do we do here? How do we pull ourselves and dig us
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ืื– ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ? ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
02:34
out of this hole that we've dug?
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ืžื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืคืจื ื•?
02:37
If we look at biology, and many of you probably don't know,
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ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
02:40
I was a biology major before I went into architecture,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืืฉื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
02:43
the human skin is the organ that naturally regulates
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ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื•ืกืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
02:48
the temperature in the body, and it's a fantastic thing.
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ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™.
02:51
That's the first line of defense for the body.
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื• ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:54
It has pores, it has sweat glands, it has all these things
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื–ื™ืขื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:57
that work together very dynamically and very efficiently,
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
03:00
and so what I propose is that our building skins
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:03
should be more similar to human skin,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
03:07
and by doing so can be much more dynamic, responsive
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™, ืžื’ื™ื‘
03:11
and differentiated, depending on where it is.
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ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื.
03:14
And this gets me back to my research.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™.
03:16
What I proposed first doing is looking at a different material palette to do that.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
03:21
I presently, or currently, work with smart materials,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
03:24
and a smart thermo-bimetal.
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ื•ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช.
03:26
First of all, I guess we call it smart because it requires
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช
03:29
no controls and it requires no energy,
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ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
03:31
and that's a very big deal for architecture.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:34
What it is, it's a lamination of two different metals together.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
03:37
You can see that here by the different reflection on this side.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื”.
03:41
And because it has two different coefficients of expansion,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”,
03:44
when heated, one side will expand faster than the other
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ, ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืชืชืจื—ื‘ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
03:48
and result in a curling action.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ื•ืขืช ืงื™ืžื•ื˜.
03:51
So in early prototypes I built these surfaces to try to see
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ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช
03:55
how the curl would react to temperature and possibly allow
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ืื™ืš ื”ืงื™ืžื•ื˜ ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืืคืฉืจ
03:59
air to ventilate through the system,
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ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื•ืœืื•ื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
04:02
and in other prototypes did surfaces where the multiplicity
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ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช
04:05
of having these strips together can try to make
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
04:08
bigger movement happen when also heated,
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืžื•ื,
04:12
and currently have this installation at the Materials & Applications gallery
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื
04:16
in Silver Lake, close by, and it's there until August, if you want to see it.
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ื‘ืกื™ืœื‘ืจ ืœื™ื™ืง, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื›ืืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
04:19
It's called "Bloom," and the surface is made completely
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืœื‘ืœื•ื‘", ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื•
04:22
out of thermo-bimetal, and its intention is to make this canopy
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ืžื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
04:26
that does two things. One, it's a sun-shading device, so that
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื—ืช, ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื” ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ,ื›ืš
04:30
when the sun hits the surface, it constricts the amount of sun passing through,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื—ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจืช ื“ืจื›ื•,
04:34
and in other areas, it's a ventilating system,
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื–ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ,
04:38
so that hot, trapped air underneath can actually
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื ืฉื›ืœื•ื ืžืชื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:40
move through and out when necessary.
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ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
04:44
You can see here in this time-lapse video that the sun,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ,
04:48
as it moves across the surface, as well as the shade,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืชื ื•ืขืชื”, ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืžืขืœ ืœืžืฉื˜ื—, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืฆืœ,
04:51
each of the tiles moves individually.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžืจืฆืคื•ืช ื ืขื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช.
04:53
Keep in mind, with the digital technology that we have today,
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ืชื–ื›ืจื•, ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:55
this thing was made out of about 14,000 pieces
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื” ืžื‘ืขืจืš 14,000 ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช
04:59
and there's no two pieces alike at all. Every single one is different.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•. ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจืขื•ืชื”.
05:03
And the great thing with that is the fact that we can calibrate
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื™ื™ืœ
05:06
each one to be very, very specific to its location,
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ื›ืœ ืžืจืฆืคืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”,
05:10
to the angle of the sun, and also how the thing actually curls.
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ืœื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ืœืงื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช.
05:15
So this kind of proof of concept project
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ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜
05:18
has a lot of implications
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ืžื’ืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
05:19
to actual future application in architecture,
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
05:23
and in this case, here you see a house,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืช,
05:26
that's for a developer in China,
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืคืชื— ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
05:28
and it's actually a four-story glass box.
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ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ืคืกืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืืจื‘ืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
05:31
It's still with that glass box because we still want that visual access,
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ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
05:35
but now it's sheathed with this thermo-bimetal layer,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช,
05:39
it's a screen that goes around it, and that layer can actually
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ื–ื” ืžืกืš ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื”
05:41
open and close as that sun moves around on that surface.
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ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื•ืœื”ื™ืกื’ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—.
05:45
In addition to that, it can also screen areas for privacy,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
05:50
so that it can differentiate from some of the public areas
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
05:52
in the space during different times of day.
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:55
And what it basically implies is that, in houses now,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื
05:58
we don't need drapes or shutters or blinds anymore
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืจื™ืกื™ื ืื• ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช
06:01
because we can sheath the building with these things,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
06:03
as well as control the amount of air conditioning you need inside that building.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
06:09
I'm also looking at trying to develop some building components for the market,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืคืชื— ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืฉื•ืง,
06:12
and so here you see a pretty typical
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ
06:15
double-glazed window panel, and in that panel,
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ื“ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืื ืœ,
06:20
between those two pieces of glass, that double-glazing,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช,
06:22
I'm trying to work on making
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:25
a thermo-bimetal pattern system
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ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช
06:27
so that when the sun hits that outside layer
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช
06:29
and heats that interior cavity, that thermo-bimetal
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ื•ืžื—ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืชืจืžื™ืช
06:34
will begin to curl, and what actually will happen then
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ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืงืœ, ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื”
06:37
is it'll start to block out the sun
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ
06:39
in certain areas of the building,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
06:41
and totally, if necessary.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ืกื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš.
06:43
And so you can imagine, even in this application, that
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
06:45
in a high-rise building where the panel systems go
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืคืื ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื”
06:48
from floor to floor up to 30, 40 floors, the entire surface
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืจืš 30, 40 ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ื•ืœื•
06:53
could be differentiated at different times of day
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื
06:55
depending on how that sun moves across and hits that surface.
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ื›ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—.
07:01
And these are some later studies that I'm working on
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ืืœื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื
07:03
right now that are on the boards, where you can see,
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืชื•,
07:06
in the bottom right-hand corner, with the red, it's actually
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ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช-ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืขื ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
07:09
smaller pieces of thermometal, and it's actually going to,
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ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช,
07:11
we're trying to make it move like cilia or eyelashes.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืจื” ืื• ืจื™ืก.
07:16
This last project is also of components.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
07:19
The influence -- and if you have noticed, one of my
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” -- ื•ืื ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘, ืื—ื“
07:23
spheres of influence is biology -- is from a grasshopper.
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ืžืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” -- ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื—ื’ื‘.
07:26
And grasshoppers have a different kind of breathing system.
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ืœื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
07:29
They breathe through holes in their sides called spiracles,
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ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื,
07:32
and they bring the air through and it moves through their system to cool them down,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžืงืจืจ ืื•ืชื,
07:36
and so in this project, I'm trying to look at how we can
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš
07:39
consider that in architecture too, how we can bring
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ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”, ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื
07:41
air through holes in the sides of a building.
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ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:44
And so you see here some early studies of blocks,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื,
07:47
where those holes are actually coming through,
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ืฉื“ืจื›ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:50
and this is before the thermo-bimetal is applied,
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ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ืžื•ื›ื ืกืช ืคื ื™ืžื”,
07:53
and this is after the bimetal is applied. Sorry, it's a little
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ื•ื–ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช, ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช
07:56
hard to see, but on the surfaces, you can see these red arrows.
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ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
07:59
On the left, it's when it's cold and the thermo-bimetal
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ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช
08:02
is flat so it will constrict air from passing through the blocks,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง,
08:06
and on the right, the thermo-bimetal curls
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ืช ืžืชืขืงืœืช
08:08
and allows that air to pass through, so those are two different
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉืืœื• ืฉื ื™
08:12
components that I'm working on, and again,
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ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
08:13
it's a completely different thing, because you can imagine
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
08:16
that air could potentially be coming through the walls
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ืฉืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช
08:18
instead of opening windows.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช.
08:21
So I want to leave you with one last impression about
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ืจื•ืฉื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
08:24
the project, or this kind of work and using smart materials.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืื• ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
08:28
When you're tired of opening and closing those blinds
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืžืœืคืชื•ื— ื•ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื™ืกื™ื
08:32
day after day, when you're on vacation
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื”
08:35
and there's no one there on the weekends to be turning off and on the controls,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื™ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื”,
08:39
or when there's a power outage, and you have
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ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ
08:41
no electricity to rely on, these thermo-bimetals
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ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš, ื”ื‘ื™-ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
08:44
will still be working tirelessly, efficiently
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ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืœื ืœืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
08:48
and endlessly. Thank you. (Applause)
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ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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