Lawrence Lessig: The unstoppable walk to political reform

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

So a chip, a poet and a boy.

Dakle, čip, pesnik i dečak.

It's just about 20 years ago,

Pre tačno 20 godina,

June 1994, when Intel announced

juna 1994, Intel je objavio

that there was a flaw

da postoji greška

at the core of their Pentium chip.

u jezgru njihovog Pentium čipa.

Deep in the code of the SRT algorithm

Duboko u kodu SRT algoritma

to calculate intermediate quotients necessary

koji proračunava srednje nužne količnike

for iterative floating points of divisions --

iterativnih lebdećih tačaka deljenja -

I don't know what that means, but it's what it says on Wikipedia —

ne znam šta to znači, ali tako piše na Vikipediji -

there was a flaw and an error

postojao je propust i greška,

that meant that there was a certain probability

što je značilo postojanje izvesne verovatnoće

that the result of the calculation would be an error,

da bi rezultat računanja mogao da bude pogrešan,

and the probability was one out of every

a verovatnoća je bila jedan na svakih

360 billion calculations.

360 milijardi proračuna.

So Intel said your average spreadsheet

Intel je saopštio da će prosečna tabela

would be flawed once every 27,000 years.

imati grešku svakih 27.000 godina.

They didn't think it was significant,

Nisu pridavali značaj tome,

but there was an outrage in the community.

ali zajednica je bila zgrožena.

The community, the techies, said, this flaw

Zajednica, tehničari, zahtevali su

has to be addressed.

da se greška ispravi.

They were not going to stand by quietly

Nisu hteli tiho da stoje po strani

as Intel gave them these chips.

dok im Intel nudi ove čipove.

So there was a revolution across the world.

Nastala je revolucija širom sveta.

People marched to demand --

Ljudi su krenuli u protestni marš -

okay, not really exactly like that —

dobro, nije baš tako bilo -

but they rose up and they demanded

ali pobunili su se i zahtevali su

that Intel fix the flaw.

od Intela da popravi grešku.

And Intel set aside 475 million dollars

I Intel je izdvojio 475 miliona dolara

to fund the replacement of millions of chips

kako bi finansirao zamenu miliona čipova

to fix the flaw.

i ispravio grešku.

So billions of dollars in our society

Naše društvo je potrošilo milijarde dolara,

was spent to address a problem

baveći se problemom

which would come once out of every 360 billion

koji bi iskrsao jednom na svakih 360 milijardi

calculations.

proračuna.

Number two, a poet.

Broj dva: pesnik.

This is Martin Niemöller.

Ovo je Martin Nimoler.

You're familiar with his poetry.

Poznata vam je njegova poezija.

Around the height of the Nazi period,

Negde na vrhuncu nacističkog perioda

he started repeating the verse,

počeo je da ponavlja stihove:

"First they came for the communists,

"Prvo su došli po komuniste,

and I did nothing,

a ja se nisam pobunio

did not speak out because I was not a communist.

jer nisam bio komunista.

Then they came for the socialists.

Onda su došli po socijaliste.

Then they came for the trade unions.

Onda su došli po sindikalce.

Then they came for the Jews.

Onda su došli po Jevreje.

And then they came for me.

A onda su došli po mene.

But there was no one left to speak for me."

Ali tada nije bilo više nikog da se pobuni."

Now, Niemöller is offering a certain kind of insight.

Nimoler nam pruža poseban vid spoznaje.

This is an insight at the core of intelligence.

Ovo je uvid u srž inteligencije.

We could call it cluefulness.

Mogli bismo to zvati potpunom osvešćenošću.

It's a certain kind of test:

To je naročit vid testa:

Can you recognize

jesi li u stanju da prepoznaš

an underlying threat and respond?

glavnu pretnju i da na nju odgovoriš?

Can you save yourself or save your kind?

Možeš li da spaseš sebe i svoju vrstu?

Turns out ants are pretty good at this.

Izgleda da su mravi dobri u ovome.

Cows, not so much.

Krave baš i nisu.

So can you see the pattern?

Da li vidite obrazac?

Can you see a pattern and then recognize

Možete li da vidite obrazac, da ga prepoznate

and do something about it? Number two.

i potom uradite nešto po tom pitanju? Broj dva.

Number three, a boy.

Broj tri: dečak.

This is my friend Aaron Swartz.

Ovo je moj prijatelj Aron Švarc.

He's Tim's friend.

On je Timov prijatelj.

He's friends of many of you in this audience,

On je prijatelj mnogih od vas u publici.

and seven years ago,

Pre sedam godina,

Aaron came to me with a question.

Aron mi je prišao s pitanjem.

It was just before I was going to give my first TED Talk.

Bilo je to neposredno pred moj prvi TED govor.

I was so proud. I was telling him about my talk,

Bio sam tako ponosan. Pričao sam mu o mom govoru:

"Laws that choke creativity."

"Zakoni koji guše kreativnost".

And Aaron looked at me

A Aron me je pogledao,

and was a little impatient, and he said,

bio je malo nestrpljiv, i rekao:

"So how are you ever

"Pa kako uopšte misliš

going to solve the problems you're talking about?

da rešiš probleme o kojima pričaš?

Copyright policy, Internet policy,

Autorska prava, politika interneta,

how are you ever going to address those problems

kako uopšte misliš da se baviš ovim problemima

so long as there's this fundamental corruption

dokle god postoji temeljna korupcija

in the way our government works?"

u radu naše vlade?"

So I was a little put off by this.

Malo me je izbacio iz takta.

He wasn't sharing in my celebration.

Nije delio moj entuzijazam.

And I said to him, "You know, Aaron,

Rekao sam mu: "Znaš, Arone,

it's not my field, not my field."

nije to moja oblast, nije moja oblast."

He said, "You mean as an academic, it's not your field?"

Rekao je: "Misliš, nije to tvoja akademska oblast?"

I said, "Yeah, as an academic, it's not my field."

Rekao sam: "Da, nije to moja akademska oblast."

He said, "What about as a citizen?

Pitao je: "A građanska oblast?

As a citizen."

Tebe kao građanina?"

Now, this is the way Aaron was.

Takav je bio Aron.

He didn't tell. He asked questions.

Nije govorio. Postavljao je pitanja.

But his questions spoke as clearly

No ovo pitanje je bilo rečitije

as my four-year-old's hug.

od zagrljaja mog četvorogodišnjaka.

He was saying to me,

Govorio mi je:

"You've got to get a clue.

"Moraš da se osvestiš,

You have got to get a clue, because there is

da postaneš osvešćen, jer postoji

a flaw at the core of the operating system

greška u jezgru operativnog sistema

of this democracy,

ove demokratije.

and it's not a flaw every one out of 360 billion times

A ta greška se ne pojavljuje jednom u 360 milijardi puta

our democracy tries to make a decision.

kada naša demokratija donosi odluke.

It is every time,

Već svaki put,

every single important issue.

prilikom svakog važnog pitanja.

We've got to end the bovinity of this political society.

Moramo prestati da budemo goveda ovog političkog uređenja.

We've got to adopt, it turns out,

Moramo da usvojimo,

the word is fourmi-formatic attitude --

prava reč je fourmi-formatski stav -

that's what the Internet tells me the word is --

tako mi bar internet kaže -

the ant's appreciative attitude

stav blizak mravljem,

that gets us to recognize this flaw,

pomoću koga ćemo znati da prepoznamo grešku,

save our kind and save our demos.

spasemo svoju vrstu i svoj narod.

Now if you know Aaron Swartz,

Ukoliko ste znali Arona Švarca,

you know that we lost him

znate da smo ga izgubili

just over a year ago.

pre tačno godinu dana.

It was about six weeks

Bilo je to nekih šest nedelja

before I gave my TED Talk,

pre mog TED govora

and I was so grateful to Chris

i bio sam zahvalan Krisu

that he asked me to give this TED Talk,

što me je zamolio za taj govor,

not because I had the chance to talk to you,

ne zato što ću razgovarati s vama,

although that was great,

iako je i to bilo sjajno,

but because it pulled me out of an extraordinary depression.

već zato što me je to izvuklo iz užasne depresije.

I couldn't begin to describe the sadness.

Bila je to neopisiva tuga.

Because I had to focus.

Jer sam se morao usredsrediti.

I had to focus on, what was I going to say to you?

Morao sam da se usredsredim na ono što sam želeo da vam kažem.

It saved me.

To me je spasilo.

But after the buzz, the excitement,

No nakon ushita, uzbuđenja,

the power that comes from this community,

snage koja dolazi iz ove zajednice,

I began to yearn for a less sterile,

počeo sam da žudim za manje sterilnim,

less academic way to address these issues,

manje akademskim pristupom ovim pitanjima,

the issues that I was talking about.

pitanjima o kojima sam vam govorio.

We'd begun to focus on New Hampshire

Usmerili smo pažnju na Nju Hempšir

as a target for this political movement,

kao metu ovog političkog pokreta,

because the primary in New Hampshire

jer su predsednički izbori u Nju Hempširu

is so incredibly important.

izuzetno važni.

It was a group called the New Hampshire Rebellion

Tu je postojala grupa Njuhempširski ustanak,

that was beginning to talk about, how would we make

koja je započela priču o tome kako da

this issue of this corruption central in 2016?

pitanja vezana za korupciju, pretvorimo u centralnu temu 2016.

But it was another soul that caught my imagination,

Ali drugo biće mi je zaokupilo pažnju,

a woman named Doris Haddock, aka Granny D.

žena po imenu Doris Hadok, iliti Baka D.

On January 1, 1999, 15 years ago,

Pre petnaest godina, 1. januara 1999,

at the age of 88, Granny D started a walk.

u 88. godini, Baka D je krenula u šetnju.

She started in Los Angeles

Krenula je iz Los Anđelesa

and began to walk to Washington, D.C.

i zaputila se ka Vašingtonu,

with a single sign on her chest that said,

sa samo jednim znakom na grudima, na kom je pisalo:

"campaign finance reform."

"reforma finansiranja stranaka".

Eighteen months later,

Nakon osamnaest meseci,

at the age of 90,

u 90. godini,

she arrived in Washington with hundreds following her,

stigla je u Vašington sa stotinama sledbenika,

including many congressmen who had gotten in a car

uključujući i kongresmene, koji su ušli u kola

and driven out about a mile outside of the city

i odvezli se na kilometar i po od grada

to walk in with her.

kako bi šetali s njom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, I don't have 13 months

Ja nemam 13 meseci

to walk across the country.

da šetam državom.

I've got three kids who hate to walk,

Imam troje dece koja mrze da šetaju

and a wife who, it turns out,

i ženu koja, izgleda,

still hates when I'm not there

još uvek mrzi kad nisam kod kuće,

for mysterious reasons,

iz nekih čudnih razloga,

so this was not an option,

tako da to nije bila opcija,

but the question I asked,

ali zapitao sam se:

could we remix Granny D a bit?

možemo li malo da preradimo Baku D?

What about a walk not of 3,200 miles

Kako bi bilo da u januaru, umesto šetnje duge 5150 km,

but of 185 miles across New Hampshire

krenemo u šetnju dugu 298 km

in January?

duž Nju Hempšira.

So on January 11,

Tako smo 11. januara,

the anniversary of Aaron's death,

na godišnjicu Aronove smrti,

we began a walk that ended on January 24th,

započeli šetnju koja je završena 24. januara,

the day that Granny D was born.

na dan rođenja Bake D.

A total of 200 people joined us across this walk,

Tokom šetnje ukupno 200 ljudi nam se pridružilo,

as we went from the very top to the very bottom of New Hampshire

dok smo išli od samog vrha do samog kraja Nju Hempšira,

talking about this issue.

raspravljajući o ovom pitanju.

And what was astonishing to me,

I ono što me zaprepastilo,

something I completely did not expect to find,

nešto što uopšte nisam očekivao,

was the passion and anger

bili su strast i bes

that there was among everyone that we talked to about this issue.

prisutni kod svih s kojima smo razgovarali o tome.

We had found in a poll that 96 percent of Americans

Saznali smo iz ankete da 96 procenata Amerikanaca

believe it important to reduce the influence

veruje da je važno umanjiti uticaj

of money in politics.

novca na politiku.

Now politicians and pundits tell you,

Političari i stručnjaci će vam reći

there's nothing we can do about this issue,

kako tu nema pomoći,

Americans don't care about it,

Amerikanci ne mare za to,

but the reason for that is

a razlog tome je

that 91 percent of Americans

što 91 procenat Amerikanaca

think there's nothing that can be done about this issue.

smatra da se ne može ništa uraditi po tom pitanju.

And it's this gap between 96 and 91

I ovaj jaz između 96 i 91

that explains our politics of resignation.

objašnjava našu politiku rezignacije.

I mean, after all, at least 96 percent of us

Mislim, konačno, bar nas 96 posto

wish we could fly like Superman,

bismo voleli da letimo poput Supermena,

but because at least 91 percent of us believe we can't,

ali zato što bar 91 posto nas veruje da ne možemo,

we don't leap off of tall buildings every time

ne skačemo sa visokih zgrada svaki put

we have that urge.

kad nam se prohte.

That's because we accept our limits,

Zbog toga prihvatamo i naša ograničenja

and so too with this reform.

kada je ova reforma u pitanju.

But when you give people the sense of hope,

Ali kada date ljudima osećaj nade,

you begin to thaw that absolute sense of impossibility.

to osećanje potpune nemoći počinje da kopni.

As Harvey Milk said, if you give 'em hope,

Kako je Harvi Milk govorio: ako im daš nadu,

you give 'em a chance, a way to think

dao si im priliku, način da misle

about how this change is possible.

kako je promena moguća.

Hope.

Nada.

And hope is the one thing that we, Aaron's friends,

A nada je nešto u čemu smo mi, Aronovi prijatelji,

failed him with, because we let him

omanuli, jer smo dozvolili da on

lose that sense of hope.

izgubi taj osećaj nade.

I loved that boy like I love my son.

Voleo sam tog dečaka kao rođenog sina.

But we failed him.

Ali izneverili smo ga.

And I love my country,

Ja volim svoju zemlju

and I'm not going to fail that.

i tu neću da omanem.

I'm not going to fail that.

Tu neću da omanem.

That sense of hope, we're going to hold,

Držaćemo se tog osećaja nade

and we're going to fight for,

i borićemo se za njega,

however impossible this battle looks.

koliko god se ova borba bude činila nemogućom.

What's next?

Šta je sledeće?

Well, we started with this march with 200 people,

Započeli smo ovaj marš s 200 ljudi,

and next year, there will be 1,000

sledeće godine će ih biti 1000

on different routes

na različitim putanjama,

that march in the month of January

marširaće tokom januara meseca

and meet in Concord to celebrate this cause,

i srešće se u Konkordu da proslave ovaj cilj,

and then in 2016, before the primary,

a zatim 2016, pre predsedničkih izbora,

there will be 10,000 who march across that state,

biće nas 10.000 koji marširamo zemljom

meeting in Concord to celebrate this cause.

i srešćemo se u Konkordu da proslavimo svoj cilj.

And as we have marched, people around the country

Dok smo marširali, širom zemlje ljudi

have begun to say, "Can we do the same thing

su nas pitali: "Možemo li mi isto ovako

in our state?"

u našoj državi?"

So we've started a platform called G.D. Walkers,

Zato smo započeli platformu nazvanu Šetači B.D.,

that is, Granny D walkers,

to jest, Šetači bake D,

and Granny D walkers across the country

a Šetači bake D će marširati

will be marching for this reform. Number one.

duž zemlje u ime ove reforme. Broj jedan.

Number two, on this march,

Broj dva: sa nama je,

one of the founders of Thunderclap, David Cascino,

na ovom maršu, bio i jedan od osnivača Tanderklapa,

was with us,

Dejvid Kasino,

and he said, "Well what can we do?"

i pitao je: "Šta možemo da učinimo?"

And so they developed a platform,

Pa su razvili platformu,

which we are announcing today,

koju objavljujemo danas,

that allows us to pull together voters

koja će nam omogućiti da okupimo glasače

who are committed to this idea of reform.

koji su posvećeni ovoj ideji reforme.

Regardless of where you are,

Bez obzira gde bili,

in New Hampshire or outside of New Hampshire,

u Nju Hempširu ili van Nju Hempšira,

you can sign up and directly be informed

možete se prijaviti i biti informisani

where the candidates are on this issue

o stavu kandidata po ovom pitanju

so you can decide who to vote for

i tako odlučiti za koga da glasate,

as a function of which is going

što će za posledicu imati

to make this possibility real.

ostvarenje ove mogućnosti.

And then finally number three, the hardest.

I konačno broj tri, najteže.

We're in the age of the Super PAC.

Živimo u dobu Super PAC-a.

Indeed yesterday, Merriam announced

Zaista, juče je Merijam objavila

that Merriam-Webster will have Super PAC as a word.

da će Merijam-Vebsterov rečnik uključiti i reč Super PAC.

It is now an official word in the dictionary.

To je sad zvanična reč u rečniku.

So on May 1, aka May Day,

Zato ćemo 1. maja, iliti na Mejdej,

we're going to try an experiment.

isprobati jedan eksperiment.

We're going to try a launching

Pokušaćemo da lansiramo,

of what we can think of as a Super PAC

nešto što smatramo Super PAC-om

to end all Super PACs.

koji će dokrajčiti sve Super PAC-ove.

And the basic way this works is this.

Ovo funkcioniše na sledeći način.

For the last year, we have been working

U protekloj godini smo radili

with analysts and political experts

sa analitičarima i političkim ekspertima

to calculate, how much would it cost

kako bi izračunali koliko bi nas koštalo

to win enough votes in the United States Congress

da obezbedimo dovoljno glasova u kongresu SAD-a

to make fundamental reform possible?

i time omogućimo ovu temeljnu reformu.

What is that number? Half a billion? A billion?

Koja je to cifra? Pola milijarde? Milijardu?

What is that number?

Koja je to cifra?

And then whatever that number is,

I onda, koja god to cifra bila

we are going to kickstart, sort of,

stavićemo ponudu, poput onih na Kikstarteru,

because you can't use KickStarter for political work,

jer je Kikstarter zabranjen u politici,

but anyway, kickstart, sort of,

ali nešto slično Kikstarteru.

first a bottom-up campaign

Započećemo kampanju odozdo.

where people will make small dollar commitments

Ljudi će prvo davati manje donacije u dolarima,

contingent on reaching very ambitious goals,

od njih će zavisti dostizanje izuzetno ambicioznih ciljeva,

and when those goals have been reached,

a kada se ti ciljevi ostvare

we will turn to the large dollar contributors,

okrenućemo se većim donatorima,

to get them to contribute to make it possible

kako bismo ih nagovorili da doprinesu što je više moguće

for us to run the kind of Super PAC necessary

osnivanju neke vrste Super PAC-a, neophodnog da bismo

to win this issue,

pobedili ovaj problem,

to change the way money influences politics,

da bismo promenili uticaj novca na politiku

so that on November 8,

i 8. novembra,

which I discovered yesterday is the day

juče sam saznao da je to dan

that Aaron would have been 30 years old,

kada bi Aron napunio 30 godina,

on November 8,

8. novembra

we will celebrate 218 representatives

ćemo slaviti 218 zastupnika

in the House and 60 Senators

u parlamentu i 60 senatora

in the United States Senate

u senatu SAD-a,

who have committed to this idea

koji će biti posvećeni ideji

of fundamental reform.

ove suštinske reforme.

So last night, we heard about wishes.

Sinoć smo slušali želje.

Here's my wish.

Evo moje želje.

May one.

Prvi maj.

May the ideals of one boy

Neka ideali jednog dečaka

unite one nation behind one critical idea

ujedine jednu naciju oko jedne sudbonosne ideje

that we are one people,

da smo svi mi jedan narod,

we are the people who were promised a government,

narod kome je obećana vlada,

a government that was promised to be

vlada koja je obećala da će

dependent upon the people alone, the people,

da zavisi samo i isključivo od naroda, narod,

who, as Madison told us,

kako nam je Medison rekao,

meant not the rich more than the poor.

ne čine više bogati od siromašnih.

May one.

Prvi maj.

And then may you, may you join this movement,

I možeš li ti prvi, prvi ti da se priključiš pokretu,

not because you're a politician,

ne zato što si političar,

not because you're an expert,

ne zato što si ekspert,

not because this is your field,

ne zato što je to tvoja oblast,

but because if you are,

već zato što, ako nešto jesi,

you are a citizen.

jesi građanin?

Aaron asked me that.

Aron me je to pitao.

Now I've asked you.

Sad ja pitam vas.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)