Lawrence Lessig: The unstoppable walk to political reform

99,283 views ใƒป 2014-04-04

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Bader Alhaddad ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: khalid marbou
00:13
So a chip, a poet and a boy.
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ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุดุงุนุฑ ูˆูุชู‰.
00:18
It's just about 20 years ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ 20 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
00:20
June 1994, when Intel announced
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ููŠ ูŠูˆู†ูŠูˆ 1994ุŒ ุฃุนู„ู†ุช ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฅู†ุชู„
00:23
that there was a flaw
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ู„ู‹ุง
00:26
at the core of their Pentium chip.
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ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุจู†ุชูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง.
00:28
Deep in the code of the SRT algorithm
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ุฏุงุฎู„ ุดูุฑุฉ ุฎูˆุงุฒู…ูŠุงุช SRT
00:31
to calculate intermediate quotients necessary
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ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ
00:33
for iterative floating points of divisions --
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ู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ููˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ.
00:35
I don't know what that means, but it's what it says on Wikipedia โ€”
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ู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฐููƒุฑ ููŠ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ
00:38
there was a flaw and an error
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ู„ ูˆุฎุทุฃ
00:41
that meant that there was a certain probability
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏุฉ
00:43
that the result of the calculation would be an error,
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ุจุฃู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุทุฆุฉุŒ
00:46
and the probability was one out of every
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ูˆู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†
00:49
360 billion calculations.
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360 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ.
00:52
So Intel said your average spreadsheet
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุฅู†ุชู„ ุจุฃู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุฌุฏุงูˆู„ูƒ
00:54
would be flawed once every 27,000 years.
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ุณุชุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ 27000 ุนุงู….
00:59
They didn't think it was significant,
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ู„ู… ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฐุงุช ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
01:00
but there was an outrage in the community.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญุฏุซุช ุบุถุจุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠ.
01:03
The community, the techies, said, this flaw
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ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ู„
01:05
has to be addressed.
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ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡.
01:07
They were not going to stand by quietly
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ู„ู† ูŠู‚ููˆุง ุตุงู…ุชูŠู† ุงุฒุงุฆู‡
01:09
as Intel gave them these chips.
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ูƒูˆู† ุฅู†ุชู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฒูˆุฏู‡ู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุญ.
01:11
So there was a revolution across the world.
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ุญุตู„ุช ุซูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุบุถุจ ููŠ ุฃุฑุฌุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:13
People marched to demand --
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ุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ู…ุณูŠุฑุงุช ูŠุทุงู„ุจูˆู†
01:16
okay, not really exactly like that โ€”
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ู…ู‡ู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุญุฏุซ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท
01:18
but they rose up and they demanded
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ููˆุง ูˆุทุงู„ุจูˆุง
01:20
that Intel fix the flaw.
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ุจุฃู† ุชุตู„ุญ ุฅู†ุชู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ู„.
01:23
And Intel set aside 475 million dollars
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ูุฎุตุตุช ุฅู†ุชู„ 475 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ
01:29
to fund the replacement of millions of chips
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ู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ูˆุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุญ
01:32
to fix the flaw.
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ูˆุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„.
01:33
So billions of dollars in our society
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ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง
01:35
was spent to address a problem
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ุฃูู†ูู‚ุช ู„ุบุฑุถ ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
01:37
which would come once out of every 360 billion
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ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ 360 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ
01:41
calculations.
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ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ.
01:43
Number two, a poet.
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ุฑู‚ู… 2ุŒ ุดุงุนุฑ.
01:46
This is Martin Niemรถller.
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฑุชู† ู†ูŠูŠู…ูˆู„ุฑ.
01:48
You're familiar with his poetry.
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ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุดุนุฑู‡.
01:50
Around the height of the Nazi period,
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ููŠ ุฐุฑูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ
01:51
he started repeating the verse,
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ุจุฏุฃ ุจุชุฑุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุงุชุŒ
01:54
"First they came for the communists,
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"ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุก ุฌุงุคูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุนูŠูŠู†ุŒ
01:55
and I did nothing,
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ูˆู„ู… ุฃูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุงุŒ
01:57
did not speak out because I was not a communist.
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ู„ู… ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุดูŠูˆุนูŠู‹ุง.
01:59
Then they came for the socialists.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฌุงุคูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒูŠูŠู†.
02:00
Then they came for the trade unions.
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงุชุญุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ.
02:02
Then they came for the Jews.
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ูˆู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฃุชูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ.
02:03
And then they came for me.
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฌุงุคูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ูŠ.
02:06
But there was no one left to speak for me."
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠุชุจู‚ ุฃุญุฏ ู„ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ูŠ."
02:11
Now, Niemรถller is offering a certain kind of insight.
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ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนุฑุถ ู†ูŠูŠู…ูˆู„ุฑ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ.
02:14
This is an insight at the core of intelligence.
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ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ.
02:17
We could call it cluefulness.
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ุฉ.
02:20
It's a certain kind of test:
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ู‡ูˆ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุนูŠู†:
02:23
Can you recognize
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ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ
02:25
an underlying threat and respond?
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ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุฎููŠ ูˆุชุชุตุฑู ุงุฒุงุฆู‡ุŸ
02:27
Can you save yourself or save your kind?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ู†ูุณูƒ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ูุตูŠู„ุชูƒุŸ
02:31
Turns out ants are pretty good at this.
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง.
02:32
Cows, not so much.
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ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
02:34
So can you see the pattern?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ุทุŸ
02:37
Can you see a pattern and then recognize
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ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡
02:39
and do something about it? Number two.
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ูˆุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุญูŠุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุฑู‚ู… 2.
02:43
Number three, a boy.
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ุฑู‚ู… 3ุŒ ูุชู‰.
02:45
This is my friend Aaron Swartz.
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ู‡ูˆ ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ุขุฑูˆู† ุณูˆุงุฑุชุฒ.
02:47
He's Tim's friend.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุชูŠู….
02:49
He's friends of many of you in this audience,
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ู‡ูˆ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑุŒ
02:51
and seven years ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
02:52
Aaron came to me with a question.
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ุฃุชุงู†ูŠ ุขุฑูˆู† ุจุณุคุงู„.
02:55
It was just before I was going to give my first TED Talk.
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ู„ูŠ ููŠ TED
02:58
I was so proud. I was telling him about my talk,
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ูƒู†ุช ูุฎูˆุฑุง ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุฏุซู‡ ุนู† ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชูŠุŒ
03:00
"Laws that choke creativity."
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"ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงุน."
03:03
And Aaron looked at me
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ูู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠ ุขุฑูˆู†
03:04
and was a little impatient, and he said,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุตุจุฑุŒ ุซู… ู‚ุงู„ุŒ
03:06
"So how are you ever
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"ูƒูŠู ุณุชู‚ูˆู…
03:10
going to solve the problems you're talking about?
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ุจุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
03:12
Copyright policy, Internet policy,
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ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทุจุน ูˆุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ
03:14
how are you ever going to address those problems
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ูƒูŠู ุณุชุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
03:17
so long as there's this fundamental corruption
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ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูุณุงุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
03:21
in the way our government works?"
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ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุง ุญูƒูˆู…ุชู†ุงุŸ"
03:24
So I was a little put off by this.
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ุซุจุทุช ุนุฒูŠู…ุชูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
03:26
He wasn't sharing in my celebration.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูŠุดุงุฑูƒู†ูŠ ุงุญุชูุงู„ูŠ.
03:28
And I said to him, "You know, Aaron,
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ูู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ุŒ "ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู… ุขุฑูˆู†ุŒ
03:29
it's not my field, not my field."
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุงู„ูŠ."
03:32
He said, "You mean as an academic, it's not your field?"
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ู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ุฃุชุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠู‹ุง ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงุฎุชุตุงุตูƒุŸ"
03:35
I said, "Yeah, as an academic, it's not my field."
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ู‚ู„ุชุŒ"ู†ุนู… ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠู‹ุง ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงุฎุชุตุงุตูŠ."
03:38
He said, "What about as a citizen?
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ู‚ุงู„ "ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ู‹ุงุŸ
03:41
As a citizen."
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ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ู‹ุง."
03:44
Now, this is the way Aaron was.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุขุฑูˆู†.
03:46
He didn't tell. He asked questions.
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ู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„. ู„ูƒู† ูŠุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
03:51
But his questions spoke as clearly
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุชู‡ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ
03:53
as my four-year-old's hug.
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ู…ุซู„ ุนู†ุงู‚ูŠ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุนูˆุงู….
03:55
He was saying to me,
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ูŠุŒ
03:57
"You've got to get a clue.
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"ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉ.
03:59
You have got to get a clue, because there is
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ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
04:00
a flaw at the core of the operating system
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ุฎู„ู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุณุงุณ ู†ุธุงู… ุนู…ู„
04:04
of this democracy,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉุŒ
04:05
and it's not a flaw every one out of 360 billion times
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุฎู„ู„ู‹ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ูƒู„ 360 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ
04:09
our democracy tries to make a decision.
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ุชุญุงูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุชุชุฎุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุง.
04:11
It is every time,
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ุจู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
04:13
every single important issue.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู‡ู….
04:15
We've got to end the bovinity of this political society.
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ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ุจู‚ุฑู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ.
04:20
We've got to adopt, it turns out,
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ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฃู‚ู„ู…ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ุŒ
04:21
the word is fourmi-formatic attitude --
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ููˆุฑู…ูŠ ููˆุฑู…ุงุชูŠูƒ (ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„)
04:24
that's what the Internet tells me the word is --
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุชุฑู†ุช
04:26
the ant's appreciative attitude
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ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆุฏ
04:28
that gets us to recognize this flaw,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ุŒ
04:31
save our kind and save our demos.
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ุญูุธ ู„ู†ุง ูุตูŠู„ุชู†ุง ูˆุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุชู†ุง.
04:37
Now if you know Aaron Swartz,
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุขุฑูˆู† ุณูˆุงุฑุชุณุŒ
04:38
you know that we lost him
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ูุฃู†ุชู… ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏู†ุงู‡
04:42
just over a year ago.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู†.
04:44
It was about six weeks
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ูˆุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน
04:46
before I gave my TED Talk,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู…ุญุงุฏุซุชูŠ ููŠ TED
04:47
and I was so grateful to Chris
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ู…ุชู†ู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ูƒุฑูŠุณ
04:49
that he asked me to give this TED Talk,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉุŒ
04:51
not because I had the chance to talk to you,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ
04:53
although that was great,
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ู…ุน ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ
04:55
but because it pulled me out of an extraordinary depression.
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฎุฑุฌู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุนู…ูŠู‚.
04:59
I couldn't begin to describe the sadness.
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ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆุตู ุงู„ุญุฒู†.
05:03
Because I had to focus.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฑูƒุฒ.
05:04
I had to focus on, what was I going to say to you?
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ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฑูƒุฒุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู…ุŸ
05:09
It saved me.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญู…ุงู†ูŠ.
05:11
But after the buzz, the excitement,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุถุฌุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุงุณุŒ
05:13
the power that comes from this community,
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุชุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ
05:17
I began to yearn for a less sterile,
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ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุชูˆู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู‚ู„ ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ู‹ุงุŒ
05:20
less academic way to address these issues,
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ุฃู‚ู„ ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุฑุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ุŒ
05:22
the issues that I was talking about.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ
05:26
We'd begun to focus on New Hampshire
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ
05:28
as a target for this political movement,
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ูƒู‡ุฏู ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
05:31
because the primary in New Hampshire
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ
05:33
is so incredibly important.
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ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
05:35
It was a group called the New Hampshire Rebellion
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ ุชู…ุฑุฏ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ
05:38
that was beginning to talk about, how would we make
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฌุนู„
05:40
this issue of this corruption central in 2016?
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ููŠ 2016ุŸ
05:43
But it was another soul that caught my imagination,
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุณู„ุจุช ู…ุฎูŠู„ุชูŠุŒ
05:47
a woman named Doris Haddock, aka Granny D.
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ุฅู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑูŠุณ ู‡ุงุฏูˆูƒุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุจุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ.
05:52
On January 1, 1999, 15 years ago,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ ุนุงู… 1999ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ 15 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
05:55
at the age of 88, Granny D started a walk.
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ูˆููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ 88ุŒ ุจุฏุฃุช ุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ. ุงู„ู…ุณูŠุฑ.
06:00
She started in Los Angeles
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ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ู† ู„ูˆุณ ุฃู†ุฌู„ุณ
06:04
and began to walk to Washington, D.C.
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ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทูˆู†ุŒ
06:06
with a single sign on her chest that said,
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ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„:
06:09
"campaign finance reform."
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" ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฎุงุจูŠุฉ "
06:12
Eighteen months later,
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุดู‡ุฑู‹ุงุŒ
06:15
at the age of 90,
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ูˆููŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ 90ุŒ
06:16
she arrived in Washington with hundreds following her,
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ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทูˆู†ุŒ ูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฆุงุชุŒ
06:19
including many congressmen who had gotten in a car
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ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุนุถุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ
06:21
and driven out about a mile outside of the city
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ู‚ุงุฏูˆุง ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
06:24
to walk in with her.
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ู„ูŠุณูŠุฑูˆ ู…ุนู‡ุง.
06:26
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:28
Now, I don't have 13 months
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ู„ุฏูŠ 13 ุดู‡ุฑุง
06:31
to walk across the country.
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ู„ุฃู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุณูŠุฑู‹ุง.
06:33
I've got three kids who hate to walk,
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠูƒุฑู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุŒ
06:36
and a wife who, it turns out,
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ูˆุฒูˆุฌุฉุŒ ุชุจูŠู‘ู† ู„ูŠ
06:37
still hates when I'm not there
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุฒุงู„ุช ุชูƒุฑู‡ ุนุฏู… ุชูˆุงุฌุฏูŠ ุจุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง
06:39
for mysterious reasons,
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ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุบุงู…ุถุฉุŒ
06:40
so this was not an option,
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ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูˆุงุฑุฏุŒ
06:41
but the question I asked,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆุŒ
06:43
could we remix Granny D a bit?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุฆุŸ
06:45
What about a walk not of 3,200 miles
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ู„ูŠุณ 3200 ู…ูŠู„ุง
06:47
but of 185 miles across New Hampshire
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ูˆู„ูƒู† 185 ู…ูŠู„ุง ุนุจุฑ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ
06:51
in January?
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ููŠ ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑุŸ
06:55
So on January 11,
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ููŠ 11 ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑุŒ
06:57
the anniversary of Aaron's death,
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ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ูˆูุงุฉ ุขุฑูˆู†ุŒ
07:00
we began a walk that ended on January 24th,
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุซู… ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ููŠ 24 ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑุŒ
07:04
the day that Granny D was born.
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ููŠ ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ ุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ.
07:08
A total of 200 people joined us across this walk,
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200 ุดุฎุต ุดุงุฑูƒูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุŒ
07:13
as we went from the very top to the very bottom of New Hampshire
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ
07:16
talking about this issue.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ.
07:19
And what was astonishing to me,
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ูˆู…ุง ุตุฏู…ู†ูŠุŒ
07:20
something I completely did not expect to find,
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ู‡ูˆ ุดุฆ ู„ู… ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ุฃู† ุฃุฌุฏู‡ุŒ
07:23
was the passion and anger
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุบู ูˆุงู„ุบุถุจ
07:26
that there was among everyone that we talked to about this issue.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชุฑูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ู…ุนู‡ ุจุดุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ.
07:31
We had found in a poll that 96 percent of Americans
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชูุชุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† 96 % ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†
07:36
believe it important to reduce the influence
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ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุจุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
07:38
of money in politics.
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ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ.
07:40
Now politicians and pundits tell you,
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ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
07:42
there's nothing we can do about this issue,
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ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงูŠู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ ุดุฆ ุญูŠุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ
07:44
Americans don't care about it,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠู‡ุชู…ูˆู† ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
07:45
but the reason for that is
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุฑุงุก ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†
07:48
that 91 percent of Americans
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91 % ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†
07:50
think there's nothing that can be done about this issue.
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ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ ุดุฆ ุฅุฒุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ.
07:54
And it's this gap between 96 and 91
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุจูŠู† 96 % ูˆ91 %
07:57
that explains our politics of resignation.
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูุณุฑ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุณู„ุงู….
07:59
I mean, after all, at least 96 percent of us
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ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ 96 % ู…ู†ู†ุง
08:01
wish we could fly like Superman,
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ูŠุชู…ู†ูˆู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† ู…ุซู„ ุณูˆุจุฑู…ุงู†ุŒ
08:03
but because at least 91 percent of us believe we can't,
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ 91 % ู…ู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ
08:06
we don't leap off of tall buildings every time
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ูู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูุฒ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
08:09
we have that urge.
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ูŠู†ุชุงุจู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ.
08:10
That's because we accept our limits,
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏู†ุงุŒ
08:12
and so too with this reform.
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ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„.
08:15
But when you give people the sense of hope,
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ู„ูƒู† ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุŒ
08:19
you begin to thaw that absolute sense of impossibility.
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ูุฅู†ูƒ ุชุฐูŠุจ ุฅุญุณุงุณู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚ ุจุงุณุชุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ.
08:26
As Harvey Milk said, if you give 'em hope,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุงุฑููŠ ู…ูŠู„ูƒ: ู„ูˆ ู…ู†ุญุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุŒ
08:30
you give 'em a chance, a way to think
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ูู‚ุฏ ู…ู†ุญุชู‡ู… ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉุŒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ
08:33
about how this change is possible.
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ููŠ ูƒูŠู ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†.
08:35
Hope.
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ุงู„ุฃู…ู„.
08:37
And hope is the one thing that we, Aaron's friends,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ุขุฑูˆู†ุŒ
08:41
failed him with, because we let him
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฎุฐู„ู†ุงู‡ ููŠู‡ุŒู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุชุฑูƒู†ุงู‡
08:44
lose that sense of hope.
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ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ู„.
08:50
I loved that boy like I love my son.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุจุจุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชู‰ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูˆู„ุฏูŠ.
08:58
But we failed him.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฎุฐู„ู†ุงู‡.
09:02
And I love my country,
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุญุจ ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠุŒ
09:05
and I'm not going to fail that.
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ูˆู„ู† ุฃุฎุฐู„ู‡ุง.
09:08
I'm not going to fail that.
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ู„ู† ุฃุฎุฐู„ู‡ุง.
09:09
That sense of hope, we're going to hold,
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุŒ ุณู†ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจู‡ุŒ
09:13
and we're going to fight for,
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ูˆุณู†ุญุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุŒ
09:14
however impossible this battle looks.
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ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงุช ุชุจุฏูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุฉ.
09:19
What's next?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู‹ุŸ
09:20
Well, we started with this march with 200 people,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจู…ุณูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† 200 ุดุฎุตุŒ
09:23
and next year, there will be 1,000
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ูˆุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŒ ุณูŠุตุจุญูˆู† 1000
09:27
on different routes
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ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
09:28
that march in the month of January
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ
09:31
and meet in Concord to celebrate this cause,
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ูˆุณู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูุงู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉุŒ
09:35
and then in 2016, before the primary,
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ูˆููŠ ุนุงู… 2016ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุชุŒ
09:37
there will be 10,000 who march across that state,
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† 10000 ูŠุนุจุฑูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ
09:40
meeting in Concord to celebrate this cause.
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ุซู… ูŠู„ุชู‚ูˆู† ููŠ ูƒูˆู†ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูุงู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ.
09:43
And as we have marched, people around the country
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณูŠุฑุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุณุงุคู„
09:46
have begun to say, "Can we do the same thing
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"ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ุงู„ุดุฆ ู†ูุณู‡
09:48
in our state?"
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ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุชู†ุงุŸ"
09:49
So we've started a platform called G.D. Walkers,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ู†ุตุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ ู…ุดุงุฉ ุบ. ุฏ.
09:51
that is, Granny D walkers,
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ุฃูŠุŒ ู…ุดุงุฉ ุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ.
09:53
and Granny D walkers across the country
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ูˆุณูŠู‚ุทุน ู…ุดุงุฉ ุบุฑุงู†ูŠ ุฏ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
09:55
will be marching for this reform. Number one.
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ู„ุฃุฌู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… 1.
09:58
Number two, on this march,
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ุฑู‚ู… 2ุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณูŠุฑุฉุŒ
10:01
one of the founders of Thunderclap, David Cascino,
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ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุคุณุณูŠ ุซุงู†ุฏุฑูƒู„ุงุจุŒ ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ูƒุงุฒูƒูŠู†ูˆุŒ
10:04
was with us,
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ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู†ุงุŒ
10:05
and he said, "Well what can we do?"
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ุŸ"
10:07
And so they developed a platform,
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ูู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ู†ุตุฉุŒ
10:09
which we are announcing today,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู„ู† ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
10:11
that allows us to pull together voters
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ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆู‘ุชูŠู†
10:14
who are committed to this idea of reform.
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ูŠู† ุจููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„.
10:16
Regardless of where you are,
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ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู…ูƒุงู†ูƒุŒ
10:18
in New Hampshire or outside of New Hampshire,
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ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ูŠูˆู‡ุงู…ุจุดูŠุฑุŒ
10:20
you can sign up and directly be informed
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ูˆุณูŠุตู„ูƒ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
10:22
where the candidates are on this issue
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ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญูŠู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ
10:25
so you can decide who to vote for
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฑุฑ ู„ู…ู† ุณุชุตูˆุช
10:27
as a function of which is going
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ูƒุฃุฏุงุฉ
10:30
to make this possibility real.
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ู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุน.
10:34
And then finally number three, the hardest.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฎุชุงู…ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… 3ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตุนุจุŒ
10:38
We're in the age of the Super PAC.
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ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ. (Super PAC)
10:40
Indeed yesterday, Merriam announced
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ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุนู„ู† ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณ ู…ูŠุฑูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุณ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง
10:42
that Merriam-Webster will have Super PAC as a word.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ูƒูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠู‡.
10:46
It is now an official word in the dictionary.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณ.
10:50
So on May 1, aka May Day,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ู…ุงูŠูˆุŒ ูุงุชุญ ู…ุงูŠูˆ
10:55
we're going to try an experiment.
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ุณู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุฑูŠ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ.
10:58
We're going to try a launching
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ุณู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
11:00
of what we can think of as a Super PAC
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ู…ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ
11:02
to end all Super PACs.
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ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงุก ูƒู„ ู„ุฌุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‰.
11:06
And the basic way this works is this.
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ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
11:07
For the last year, we have been working
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ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
11:09
with analysts and political experts
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ู…ุน ู…ุญู„ู„ูŠู† ูˆุฎุจุฑุงุก ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู†
11:13
to calculate, how much would it cost
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ู„ุญุณุงุจุŒ ูƒู… ุณูŠูƒู„ูู†ุง
11:16
to win enough votes in the United States Congress
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ุงู„ููˆุฒ ุจุฃุตูˆุงุช ูƒุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุฌุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ
11:19
to make fundamental reform possible?
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุงุŸ
11:20
What is that number? Half a billion? A billion?
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ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŸ ู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุŸ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุŸ
11:23
What is that number?
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ูƒู… ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŸ
11:25
And then whatever that number is,
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ
11:28
we are going to kickstart, sort of,
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ุณู†ุชุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูƒูŠูƒุณุชุงุฑุชุฑ (kickstarter)
11:30
because you can't use KickStarter for political work,
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… kickstarter ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุŒ
11:32
but anyway, kickstart, sort of,
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ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุŒ ุณู†ุชุฌู‡ ู„ุดุฆ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู‡
11:35
first a bottom-up campaign
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ุญู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰
11:37
where people will make small dollar commitments
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู„ุชุฒู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุฏูุน ู…ุจู„ุบ ุฑู…ุฒูŠ
11:40
contingent on reaching very ambitious goals,
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ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุทู…ูˆุญุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ
11:43
and when those goals have been reached,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงูุŒ
11:45
we will turn to the large dollar contributors,
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ุณู†ุชุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
11:49
to get them to contribute to make it possible
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ู„ู†ุญุซู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†
11:52
for us to run the kind of Super PAC necessary
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ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ
11:56
to win this issue,
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ู„ู„ููˆุฒ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉุŒ
11:57
to change the way money influences politics,
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ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉุŒ
12:00
so that on November 8,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู…ู† ู†ูˆูู…ุจุฑุŒ
12:04
which I discovered yesterday is the day
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู†ุจู‡ุช ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
12:06
that Aaron would have been 30 years old,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ุฑ ุขุฑูˆู† 30 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
12:10
on November 8,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู…ู† ู†ูˆูู…ุจุฑุŒ
12:13
we will celebrate 218 representatives
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ุณู†ุญุชูู„ ุจู€ 218 ู…ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู„ู†ุง
12:16
in the House and 60 Senators
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ูˆ60
12:18
in the United States Senate
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ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุฎ
12:20
who have committed to this idea
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฒู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
12:23
of fundamental reform.
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ู„ู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑูŠ.
12:25
So last night, we heard about wishes.
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ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ ุงุณุชู…ุนู†ุง ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠ.
12:28
Here's my wish.
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ูˆู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ู†ูŠุชูŠ.
12:30
May one.
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ูุงุชุญ ู…ุงูŠูˆ.
12:34
May the ideals of one boy
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ูู„ุชูƒู† ู…ูุซู„ ูุชู‰
12:37
unite one nation behind one critical idea
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ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ุฎู„ู ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
12:41
that we are one people,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ุดุนุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
12:44
we are the people who were promised a government,
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ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆูุนุฏ ุจุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ
12:47
a government that was promised to be
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ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุนุฏุช
12:50
dependent upon the people alone, the people,
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ุจุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุดุนุจ ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ู„ุดุนุจุŒ
12:54
who, as Madison told us,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ู…ุงุฏูŠุณูˆู†ุŒ
12:57
meant not the rich more than the poor.
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ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก.
13:01
May one.
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ูุงุชุญ ู…ุงูŠูˆ.
13:03
And then may you, may you join this movement,
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู†ุถู…ูŠุช ุฃู†ุช ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ
13:07
not because you're a politician,
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2008
ู„ูŠุณ ุจุตูุชูƒ ุณูŠุงุณูŠู‹ุงุŒ
13:09
not because you're an expert,
288
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1616
ูˆู„ุง ุจุตูุชูƒ ุฎุจูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ
13:11
not because this is your field,
289
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3292
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุงู„ูƒุŒ
13:14
but because if you are,
290
794419
1680
ู„ูƒู† ุจุตูุชูƒุŒ
13:16
you are a citizen.
291
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3671
ุจุตูุฉ ูƒูˆู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ู‹ุง.
13:19
Aaron asked me that.
292
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3037
ุขุฑูˆู† ุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
13:22
Now I've asked you.
293
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2855
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒู….
13:25
Thank you very much.
294
805662
1678
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
13:27
(Applause)
295
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8045
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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