Lawrence Lessig: The unstoppable walk to political reform

99,212 views ใƒป 2014-04-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
So a chip, a poet and a boy.
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ืฉื‘ื‘, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื ืขืจ.
00:18
It's just about 20 years ago,
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืจืง ื›-20 ืฉื ื”
00:20
June 1994, when Intel announced
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ืžืื– ื™ื•ื ื™ 1994, ื›ืฉ"ืื™ื ื˜ืœ" ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”
00:23
that there was a flaw
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื’ื
00:26
at the core of their Pentium chip.
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ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ ื”"ืคื ื˜ื™ื•ื" ืฉืœื”.
00:28
Deep in the code of the SRT algorithm
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ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืืก-ืืจ-ื˜ื™
00:31
to calculate intermediate quotients necessary
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ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช
00:33
for iterative floating points of divisions --
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ืœื—ื™ื–ืจื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฆืคื•ืช --
00:35
I don't know what that means, but it's what it says on Wikipedia โ€”
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœืœ ื›ื›ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” --
00:38
there was a flaw and an error
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืคื’ื ื•ืฉื’ื™ืื”
00:41
that meant that there was a certain probability
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœื›ืš
00:43
that the result of the calculation would be an error,
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ืฉืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช,
00:46
and the probability was one out of every
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ื•ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ื“
00:49
360 billion calculations.
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ืœ-360 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
00:52
So Intel said your average spreadsheet
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืื™ื ื˜ืœ" ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
00:54
would be flawed once every 27,000 years.
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ืชื™ืคื•ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘-27,000 ืฉื ื”.
00:59
They didn't think it was significant,
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,
01:00
but there was an outrage in the community.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืงืžื” ืกืขืจื”.
01:03
The community, the techies, said, this flaw
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืžืจื”,
01:05
has to be addressed.
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ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคื’ื ื”ื–ื”.
01:07
They were not going to stand by quietly
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”,
01:09
as Intel gave them these chips.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉ"ืื™ื ื˜ืœ" ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:11
So there was a revolution across the world.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
01:13
People marched to demand --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” --
01:16
okay, not really exactly like that โ€”
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื ืžืžืฉ-ืžืžืฉ ื›ืš --
01:18
but they rose up and they demanded
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงืžื• ื•ื“ืจืฉื•
01:20
that Intel fix the flaw.
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ืฉ"ืื™ื ื˜ืœ" ืชืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื.
01:23
And Intel set aside 475 million dollars
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ื•"ืื™ื ื˜ืœ" ื”ืงืฆืชื” 475 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
01:29
to fund the replacement of millions of chips
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ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืคืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื
01:32
to fix the flaw.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื.
01:33
So billions of dollars in our society
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:35
was spent to address a problem
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ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”
01:37
which would come once out of every 360 billion
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ืฉืชื•ืคื™ืข ืื—ืช ืœ-360 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
01:41
calculations.
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ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
01:43
Number two, a poet.
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ืžืก' 2: ืžืฉื•ืจืจ.
01:46
This is Martin Niemรถller.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืœืจ.
01:48
You're familiar with his poetry.
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื•.
01:50
Around the height of the Nazi period,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™,
01:51
he started repeating the verse,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ:
01:54
"First they came for the communists,
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"ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื;
01:55
and I did nothing,
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"ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ,
01:57
did not speak out because I was not a communist.
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"ืœื ืคืฆื™ืชื™ ืคื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜.
01:59
Then they came for the socialists.
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"ืื—ืจ ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:00
Then they came for the trade unions.
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"ืื—ืจ ืชืงืคื• ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.
02:02
Then they came for the Jews.
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"ืื—ืจ ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื,
02:03
And then they came for me.
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"ื•ืื—ืจ ืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื™.
02:06
But there was no one left to speak for me."
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"ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™."
02:11
Now, Niemรถller is offering a certain kind of insight.
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ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืœืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
02:14
This is an insight at the core of intelligence.
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ื–ื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”.
02:17
We could call it cluefulness.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”: "ื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš"
02:20
It's a certain kind of test:
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ:
02:23
Can you recognize
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
02:25
an underlying threat and respond?
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ืื™ื•ื ืกืžื•ื™, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘?
02:27
Can you save yourself or save your kind?
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™-ืžื™ื ื›ื?
02:31
Turns out ants are pretty good at this.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“ ื‘ื–ื”.
02:32
Cows, not so much.
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ืคืจื•ืช? ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
02:34
So can you see the pattern?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก?
02:37
Can you see a pattern and then recognize
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื•,
02:39
and do something about it? Number two.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•?
02:43
Number three, a boy.
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ืžืก' 3: ื ืขืจ.
02:45
This is my friend Aaron Swartz.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ.
02:47
He's Tim's friend.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื.
02:49
He's friends of many of you in this audience,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
02:51
and seven years ago,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ 7 ืฉื ื™ื
02:52
Aaron came to me with a question.
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ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ ืขื ืฉืืœื”.
02:55
It was just before I was going to give my first TED Talk.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘-TED.
02:58
I was so proud. I was telling him about my talk,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื” ื’ืื”. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™,
03:00
"Laws that choke creativity."
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"ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช".
03:03
And Aaron looked at me
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ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™
03:04
and was a little impatient, and he said,
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ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ-ืจื•ื— ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจ:
03:06
"So how are you ever
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"ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
03:10
going to solve the problems you're talking about?
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"ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ?
03:12
Copyright policy, Internet policy,
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"ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
03:14
how are you ever going to address those problems
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"ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:17
so long as there's this fundamental corruption
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"ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
03:21
in the way our government works?"
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"ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ?"
03:24
So I was a little put off by this.
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื™.
03:26
He wasn't sharing in my celebration.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
03:28
And I said to him, "You know, Aaron,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•: "ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”, ืืจื•ืŸ,
03:29
it's not my field, not my field."
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"ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™. ืœื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™."
03:32
He said, "You mean as an academic, it's not your field?"
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”: "ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืงื“ืžืื™, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœืš?"
03:35
I said, "Yeah, as an academic, it's not my field."
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ. ื›ืืงื“ืžืื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™."
03:38
He said, "What about as a citizen?
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”: "ื•ื›ืื–ืจื—?"
03:41
As a citizen."
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ื•ื›ืื–ืจื—?
03:44
Now, this is the way Aaron was.
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ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืŸ.
03:46
He didn't tell. He asked questions.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ. ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ.
03:51
But his questions spoke as clearly
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช
03:53
as my four-year-old's hug.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืช ื”-4.
03:55
He was saying to me,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ื™ื”,
03:57
"You've got to get a clue.
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"ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
03:59
You have got to get a clue, because there is
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"ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžื•ืฉื’, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื•
04:00
a flaw at the core of the operating system
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"ืคื’ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”
04:04
of this democracy,
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"ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
04:05
and it's not a flaw every one out of 360 billion times
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"ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื’ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš 360 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืคืขืžื™ื
04:09
our democracy tries to make a decision.
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"ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
04:11
It is every time,
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"ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื•ืคืขื,
04:13
every single important issue.
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"ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”."
04:15
We've got to end the bovinity of this political society.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืงืฅ ืœื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
04:20
We've got to adopt, it turns out,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืืžืฅ, ื›ืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ --
04:21
the word is fourmi-formatic attitude --
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ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื•ื "ื’ื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืจืžื™ืช-ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ืช" --
04:24
that's what the Internet tells me the word is --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
04:26
the ant's appreciative attitude
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืื•ืžื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœื”,
04:28
that gets us to recognize this flaw,
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื’ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:31
save our kind and save our demos.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ืขืžื ื•.
04:37
Now if you know Aaron Swartz,
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื–ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ,
04:38
you know that we lost him
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื•
04:42
just over a year ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”.
04:44
It was about six weeks
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
04:46
before I gave my TED Talk,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืช TED ืฉืœื™,
04:47
and I was so grateful to Chris
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืกื™ืจ-ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืจื™ืก
04:49
that he asked me to give this TED Talk,
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ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืช TED ื”ื”ื™ื,
04:51
not because I had the chance to talk to you,
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ืœื›ื,
04:53
although that was great,
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ืื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ,
04:55
but because it pulled me out of an extraordinary depression.
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ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื.
04:59
I couldn't begin to describe the sadness.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ.
05:03
Because I had to focus.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื“.
05:04
I had to focus on, what was I going to say to you?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื.
05:09
It saved me.
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ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™.
05:11
But after the buzz, the excitement,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
05:13
the power that comes from this community,
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช,
05:17
I began to yearn for a less sterile,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื ืงื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช,
05:20
less academic way to address these issues,
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ื“ืจืš ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
05:22
the issues that I was talking about.
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ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™.
05:26
We'd begun to focus on New Hampshire
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ
05:28
as a target for this political movement,
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ื›ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
05:31
because the primary in New Hampshire
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ
05:33
is so incredibly important.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:35
It was a group called the New Hampshire Rebellion
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื "ืžื•ืจื“ื™ ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ",
05:38
that was beginning to talk about, how would we make
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ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื’ืจื•ื
05:40
this issue of this corruption central in 2016?
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ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘-2016.
05:43
But it was another soul that caught my imagination,
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืžื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืชื” ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™:
05:47
a woman named Doris Haddock, aka Granny D.
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ืืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื“ื•ืจื™ืก ื”ืื“ื•ืง, ืื• ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™.
05:52
On January 1, 1999, 15 years ago,
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ื‘-1 ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ, 1999, ืœืคื ื™ 15 ืฉื ื”,
05:55
at the age of 88, Granny D started a walk.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 88, ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™ ื™ืฆืื” ืœืฆืขื“ื”.
06:00
She started in Los Angeles
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœื•ืก-ืื ื’'ืœืก
06:04
and began to walk to Washington, D.C.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
06:06
with a single sign on her chest that said,
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ืขื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื–ื”, ืฉืืžืจ:
06:09
"campaign finance reform."
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"ืžืกืข ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ื".
06:12
Eighteen months later,
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ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
06:15
at the age of 90,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 90,
06:16
she arrived in Washington with hundreds following her,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืขื™ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื,
06:19
including many congressmen who had gotten in a car
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
06:21
and driven out about a mile outside of the city
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ื•ื ืกืขื• ื›ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ
06:24
to walk in with her.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืื™ืชื”.
06:26
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:28
Now, I don't have 13 months
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ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ 13 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
06:31
to walk across the country.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:33
I've got three kids who hate to walk,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ 3 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ,
06:36
and a wife who, it turns out,
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ื•ืืฉื”, ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
06:37
still hates when I'm not there
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
06:39
for mysterious reasons,
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืžื”,
06:40
so this was not an option,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™.
06:41
but the question I asked,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื,
06:43
could we remix Granny D a bit?
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ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืžื™ืงืก ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืชื‘ื ื“ื™?
06:45
What about a walk not of 3,200 miles
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ืžื” ืขื ืฆืขื“ื”, ืœื ืฉืœ 5,000 ืง"ืž,
06:47
but of 185 miles across New Hampshire
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ืืœื ืฉืœ 300 ืง"ืž ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ
06:51
in January?
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ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ?
06:55
So on January 11,
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ืื– ื‘-11 ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ,
06:57
the anniversary of Aaron's death,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ,
07:00
we began a walk that ended on January 24th,
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืฆืขื“ื” ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘-24 ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ,
07:04
the day that Granny D was born.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™.
07:08
A total of 200 people joined us across this walk,
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ื‘ืกื”"ื› ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš 200 ืื™ืฉ,
07:13
as we went from the very top to the very bottom of New Hampshire
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ื›ืฉืฆืขื“ื ื• ืžื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืžื™
07:16
talking about this issue.
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ื•ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
07:19
And what was astonishing to me,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
07:20
something I completely did not expect to find,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช,
07:23
was the passion and anger
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื•ื”ื–ืขื
07:26
that there was among everyone that we talked to about this issue.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
07:31
We had found in a poll that 96 percent of Americans
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉ-96% ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื
07:36
believe it important to reduce the influence
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ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
07:38
of money in politics.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
07:40
Now politicians and pundits tell you,
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•"ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื" ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื›ื
07:42
there's nothing we can do about this issue,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”,
07:44
Americans don't care about it,
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ืฉืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืžื›ืš.
07:45
but the reason for that is
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื,
07:48
that 91 percent of Americans
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ืฉ-91% ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
07:50
think there's nothing that can be done about this issue.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:54
And it's this gap between 96 and 91
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ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ 91 ืœ-96
07:57
that explains our politics of resignation.
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ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื“ื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
07:59
I mean, after all, at least 96 percent of us
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ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 96% ืžืื™ืชื ื•
08:01
wish we could fly like Superman,
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ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืคืจืžืŸ,
08:03
but because at least 91 percent of us believe we can't,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช 91% ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ,
08:06
we don't leap off of tall buildings every time
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื
08:09
we have that urge.
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ืฉื‘ื ืœื ื•.
08:10
That's because we accept our limits,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•,
08:12
and so too with this reform.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:15
But when you give people the sense of hope,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
08:19
you begin to thaw that absolute sense of impossibility.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื™-ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
08:26
As Harvey Milk said, if you give 'em hope,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืง: "ื›ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
08:30
you give 'em a chance, a way to think
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"ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
08:33
about how this change is possible.
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"ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™."
08:35
Hope.
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ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
08:37
And hope is the one thing that we, Aaron's friends,
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ื•ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื•, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ,
08:41
failed him with, because we let him
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ืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืคืฉืจื ื• ืœื•
08:44
lose that sense of hope.
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ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
08:50
I loved that boy like I love my son.
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ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™.
08:58
But we failed him.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
09:02
And I love my country,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืืจืฆื™,
09:05
and I'm not going to fail that.
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ื•ื”ืคืขื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื›ื–ื™ื‘.
09:08
I'm not going to fail that.
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ื”ืคืขื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื›ื–ื™ื‘.
09:09
That sense of hope, we're going to hold,
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆืžื“ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:13
and we're going to fight for,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœื™ื”,
09:14
however impossible this battle looks.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื”ืงืจื‘ ื ืจืื” ืื‘ื•ื“.
09:19
What's next?
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
09:20
Well, we started with this march with 200 people,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื 200 ืื™ืฉ,
09:23
and next year, there will be 1,000
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื™ื”ื™ื• 1,000 ืื™ืฉ,
09:27
on different routes
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ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
09:28
that march in the month of January
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ืฉื™ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื ื•ืืจ
09:31
and meet in Concord to celebrate this cause,
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ื•ื™ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ, ืงื•ื ืงื•ืจื“, ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช,
09:35
and then in 2016, before the primary,
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ื•ื‘-2016, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช,
09:37
there will be 10,000 who march across that state,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• 10,000 ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
09:40
meeting in Concord to celebrate this cause.
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ื•ื™ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืงื•ืจื“ ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:43
And as we have marched, people around the country
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ื›ืฉืฆืขื“ื ื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ
09:46
have begun to say, "Can we do the same thing
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ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืื•ืœื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
09:48
in our state?"
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"ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•?"
09:49
So we've started a platform called G.D. Walkers,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืฉื "ื’'ื™-ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืงืจืก",
09:51
that is, Granny D walkers,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ "ืฆืขื“ืช ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™",
09:53
and Granny D walkers across the country
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ื•ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ ืกื‘ืชื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ
09:55
will be marching for this reform. Number one.
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ื™ืฆืขื“ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ืืช. ื–ื” ืžืก' 1.
09:58
Number two, on this march,
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ืžืก' 2: ื‘ืžืจืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
10:01
one of the founders of Thunderclap, David Cascino,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ "ืช'ื ื“ืจืงืœืืค", ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืงืกืงื™ื ื•
10:04
was with us,
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ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื ื•,
10:05
and he said, "Well what can we do?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ: "ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
10:07
And so they developed a platform,
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ืื– ื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”,
10:09
which we are announcing today,
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ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื ื• ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:11
that allows us to pull together voters
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื
10:14
who are committed to this idea of reform.
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื”.
10:16
Regardless of where you are,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื,
10:18
in New Hampshire or outside of New Hampshire,
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ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”,
10:20
you can sign up and directly be informed
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจ
10:22
where the candidates are on this issue
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
10:25
so you can decide who to vote for
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืžื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข
10:27
as a function of which is going
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ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื
10:30
to make this possibility real.
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
10:34
And then finally number three, the hardest.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืก' 3, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื”.
10:38
We're in the age of the Super PAC.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ืคืืง (ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช).
10:40
Indeed yesterday, Merriam announced
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื, ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ "ืžืจื™ืื-ื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ"
10:42
that Merriam-Webster will have Super PAC as a word.
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ืฉ"ืกื•ืคืจ-ืคืืง" ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื™ืœื”.
10:46
It is now an official word in the dictionary.
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ื›ืขืช ื–ืืช ืžื™ืœื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ.
10:50
So on May 1, aka May Day,
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ืื– ื‘-1 ืœืžืื™, ืื• "ืžื™ื™-ื“ื™ื™",
10:55
we're going to try an experiment.
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ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
10:58
We're going to try a launching
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ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช
11:00
of what we can think of as a Super PAC
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
11:02
to end all Super PACs.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
11:06
And the basic way this works is this.
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ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช , ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื›ื”:
11:07
For the last year, we have been working
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ื ื•
11:09
with analysts and political experts
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ืขื ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
11:13
to calculate, how much would it cost
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื” ื™ืขืœื”
11:16
to win enough votes in the United States Congress
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
11:19
to make fundamental reform possible?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“.
11:20
What is that number? Half a billion? A billion?
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ื›ืžื”? ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“? ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“?
11:23
What is that number?
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ื›ืžื”?
11:25
And then whatever that number is,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื–ื”,
11:28
we are going to kickstart, sort of,
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ืื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘"ืงื™ืงืกื˜ืืจื˜", ื›ืื™ืœื•,
11:30
because you can't use KickStarter for political work,
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ื›ื™ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘"ืงื™ืงืกื˜ืืจื˜" ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
11:32
but anyway, kickstart, sort of,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ืงืกื˜ืืจื˜,
11:35
first a bottom-up campaign
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”:
11:37
where people will make small dollar commitments
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืชืจื•ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
11:40
contingent on reaching very ambitious goals,
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ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“,
11:43
and when those goals have been reached,
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ื›ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื’ื ื”,
11:45
we will turn to the large dollar contributors,
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ื ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื,
11:49
to get them to contribute to make it possible
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ื•ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
11:52
for us to run the kind of Super PAC necessary
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ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ
11:56
to win this issue,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
11:57
to change the way money influences politics,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
12:00
so that on November 8,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘-8 ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ,
12:04
which I discovered yesterday is the day
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ืฉืืชืžื•ืœ ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื
12:06
that Aaron would have been 30 years old,
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ืฉืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื’ื’ 30,
12:10
on November 8,
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ื‘-8 ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ,
12:13
we will celebrate 218 representatives
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ื ื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืชื ืฉืœ 218 ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื
12:16
in the House and 60 Senators
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื, ื•-60 ืกื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื
12:18
in the United States Senate
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ื‘ืกื ืื˜ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
12:20
who have committed to this idea
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
12:23
of fundamental reform.
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ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช.
12:25
So last night, we heard about wishes.
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ืืžืฉ ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืืœื•ืช.
12:28
Here's my wish.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
12:30
May one.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืื™,
12:34
May the ideals of one boy
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ืžื™ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืขืจ ืื—ื“
12:37
unite one nation behind one critical idea
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ื™ืื—ื“ื• ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืื—ื“,
12:41
that we are one people,
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ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“,
12:44
we are the people who were promised a government,
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ื”ืขื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื• ืžืžืฉืœื”,
12:47
a government that was promised to be
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืชื”ื™ื”
12:50
dependent upon the people alone, the people,
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ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื”ืขื,
12:54
who, as Madison told us,
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
12:57
meant not the rich more than the poor.
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ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื.
13:01
May one.
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ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืื™.
13:03
And then may you, may you join this movement,
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ื•ืžื™ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•,
13:07
not because you're a politician,
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ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
13:09
not because you're an expert,
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ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
13:11
not because this is your field,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื,
13:14
but because if you are,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืืชื,
13:16
you are a citizen.
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ืืชื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
13:19
Aaron asked me that.
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ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื–ืืช ืžืžื ื™.
13:22
Now I've asked you.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื–ืืช ืžื›ื.
13:25
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
13:27
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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