Lawrence Lessig: The unstoppable walk to political reform

99,155 views ใƒป 2014-04-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:13
So a chip, a poet and a boy.
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์นฉ, ์‹œ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's just about 20 years ago,
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ํ•œ 20๋…„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
June 1994, when Intel announced
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1994๋…„ 6์›”, ์ธํ…”์ด
00:23
that there was a flaw
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํŽœํ‹ฐ์—„ ์นฉ ์ค‘์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
00:26
at the core of their Pentium chip.
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๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Deep in the code of the SRT algorithm
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
00:31
to calculate intermediate quotients necessary
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:33
for iterative floating points of divisions --
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SRT ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํžˆ์—์š”.
00:35
I don't know what that means, but it's what it says on Wikipedia โ€”
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์จ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
there was a flaw and an error
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๊ฒฐ์ ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:41
that meant that there was a certain probability
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„
00:43
that the result of the calculation would be an error,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ณ 
๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด
00:46
and the probability was one out of every
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3์ฒœ 6๋ฐฑ์–ต๋ถ„์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
360 billion calculations.
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00:52
So Intel said your average spreadsheet
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธํ…”์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด
00:54
would be flawed once every 27,000 years.
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2๋งŒ 7์ฒœ๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
They didn't think it was significant,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:00
but there was an outrage in the community.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
The community, the techies, said, this flaw
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด
01:05
has to be addressed.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
They were not going to stand by quietly
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์ธํ…”์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์นฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:09
as Intel gave them these chips.
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋งŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So there was a revolution across the world.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
People marched to demand --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ–‰์ง„ํ–ˆ๊ณ --
01:16
okay, not really exactly like that โ€”
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๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”--
01:18
but they rose up and they demanded
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์ธํ…”์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์ •ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ 
01:20
that Intel fix the flaw.
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๋“ค๊ณ  ์ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And Intel set aside 475 million dollars
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์ธํ…”์€ 4์–ต 7์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
to fund the replacement of millions of chips
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๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๊ณ ์น 
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์นฉ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:32
to fix the flaw.
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01:33
So billions of dollars in our society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
01:35
was spent to address a problem
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3์ฒœ 6๋ฐฑ์–ต๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์—์„œ
01:37
which would come once out of every 360 billion
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:41
calculations.
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์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Number two, a poet.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์‹œ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
This is Martin Niemรถller.
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์ด๋ถ„์€ ๋งˆํ‹ด ๋‹ˆ๋ฎฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
You're familiar with his poetry.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Around the height of the Nazi period,
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๋‚˜์น˜ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์ผ ๋ฌด๋ ต,
01:51
he started repeating the verse,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
"First they came for the communists,
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"์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์žก์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์™”๊ณ ,
01:55
and I did nothing,
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๋‚œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
01:57
did not speak out because I was not a communist.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจ๋ฌตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Then they came for the socialists.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์žก์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์™”๋‹ค.
02:00
Then they came for the trade unions.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ,
02:02
Then they came for the Jews.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์œ ํƒœ์ธ,
02:03
And then they came for me.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žก์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์™”๋‹ค.
02:06
But there was no one left to speak for me."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค."
02:11
Now, Niemรถller is offering a certain kind of insight.
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๋‹ˆ๋ฎฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
This is an insight at the core of intelligence.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
We could call it cluefulness.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
It's a certain kind of test:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:23
Can you recognize
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:25
an underlying threat and respond?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:27
Can you save yourself or save your kind?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:31
Turns out ants are pretty good at this.
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Cows, not so much.
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์†Œ๋“ค์€, ๋ณ„๋กœ์š”.
02:34
So can you see the pattern?
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๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:37
Can you see a pattern and then recognize
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๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
02:39
and do something about it? Number two.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:43
Number three, a boy.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์†Œ๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
This is my friend Aaron Swartz.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์•„๋ก  ์Šˆ์™€์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
He's Tim's friend.
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ํŒ€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
02:49
He's friends of many of you in this audience,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค์‹  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
and seven years ago,
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7๋…„ ์ „์—,
02:52
Aaron came to me with a question.
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์•„๋ก ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
It was just before I was going to give my first TED Talk.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
I was so proud. I was telling him about my talk,
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์ „ ์ •๋ง ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
"Laws that choke creativity."
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"์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง“๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น™"
03:03
And Aaron looked at me
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์•„๋ก ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋”๋‹ˆ
03:04
and was a little impatient, and he said,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ธธ,
03:06
"So how are you ever
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
03:10
going to solve the problems you're talking about?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”?"
03:12
Copyright policy, Internet policy,
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"์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์ œ๋„, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ •์ฑ…,
03:14
how are you ever going to address those problems
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
03:17
so long as there's this fundamental corruption
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
03:21
in the way our government works?"
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”?"
03:24
So I was a little put off by this.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
He wasn't sharing in my celebration.
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
And I said to him, "You know, Aaron,
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์ €๋Š”, "์•„๋ก , ๋„ˆ๋„ ์•Œ๋“ฏ์ด
03:29
it's not my field, not my field."
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๊ทธ์ชฝ์€ ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ ."
03:32
He said, "You mean as an academic, it's not your field?"
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"ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:35
I said, "Yeah, as an academic, it's not my field."
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์ €๋Š”, "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
He said, "What about as a citizen?
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”์š”?
03:41
As a citizen."
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”."
03:44
Now, this is the way Aaron was.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
He didn't tell. He asked questions.
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
But his questions spoke as clearly
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€
03:53
as my four-year-old's hug.
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4์‚ด๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ ์•„์ด์˜ ํฌ์˜น์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
He was saying to me,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
"You've got to get a clue.
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"๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”."
03:59
You have got to get a clue, because there is
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:00
a flaw at the core of the operating system
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—
04:04
of this democracy,
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๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:05
and it's not a flaw every one out of 360 billion times
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”
3์ฒœ 6์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
our democracy tries to make a decision.
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04:11
It is every time,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
04:13
every single important issue.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
We've got to end the bovinity of this political society.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‘”๊ฐํ•จ์„ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
We've got to adopt, it turns out,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ
04:21
the word is fourmi-formatic attitude --
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํƒœ๋„๋ผ๋Š”
04:24
that's what the Internet tells me the word is --
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋งŒํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ
04:26
the ant's appreciative attitude
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
that gets us to recognize this flaw,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด,
04:31
save our kind and save our demos.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Now if you know Aaron Swartz,
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์•„๋ก  ์Šˆ์›Œ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:38
you know that we lost him
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ ๋…„์ „์—์š”.
04:42
just over a year ago.
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04:44
It was about six weeks
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์ œ๊ฐ€ TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ
04:46
before I gave my TED Talk,
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์•ฝ 6์ฃผ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
and I was so grateful to Chris
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ 
04:49
that he asked me to give this TED Talk,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
not because I had the chance to talk to you,
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:53
although that was great,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:55
but because it pulled me out of an extraordinary depression.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์Šฌํ””์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์ ธ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
I couldn't begin to describe the sadness.
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์Šฌํ””์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Because I had to focus.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
I had to focus on, what was I going to say to you?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
05:09
It saved me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
But after the buzz, the excitement,
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์—ด๊ด‘, ํฅ๋ถ„,
05:13
the power that comes from this community,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๋Š๋‚€ ์ดํ›„,
05:17
I began to yearn for a less sterile,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
05:20
less academic way to address these issues,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:22
the issues that I was talking about.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
We'd begun to focus on New Hampshire
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์ด ์ •์น˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:28
as a target for this political movement,
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๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
because the primary in New Hampshire
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๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:33
is so incredibly important.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
It was a group called the New Hampshire Rebellion
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2016๋…„์— ์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
05:38
that was beginning to talk about, how would we make
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• 
05:40
this issue of this corruption central in 2016?
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"๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…” ๋ฐ˜๋ž€"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
But it was another soul that caught my imagination,
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์ €์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
a woman named Doris Haddock, aka Granny D.
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์†Œ์œ„ "Dํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋„๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ•ด๋•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
On January 1, 1999, 15 years ago,
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15๋…„ ์ „, 1999๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ์—
05:55
at the age of 88, Granny D started a walk.
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88์„ธ์˜ Dํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
She started in Los Angeles
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๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:04
and began to walk to Washington, D.C.
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
with a single sign on her chest that said,
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๊ฐ€์Šด์— "์žฌ์ • ๊ฐœํ˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
06:09
"campaign finance reform."
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ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ ์„œ์š”.
06:12
Eighteen months later,
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18๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„,
06:15
at the age of 90,
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90์„ธ์—
06:16
she arrived in Washington with hundreds following her,
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:19
including many congressmen who had gotten in a car
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:21
and driven out about a mile outside of the city
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๋„์‹œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ 1๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€
์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค๋„
06:24
to walk in with her.
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๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:28
Now, I don't have 13 months
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์„ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ
06:31
to walk across the country.
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13๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
I've got three kids who hate to walk,
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์ €์˜ ์„ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:36
and a wife who, it turns out,
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์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:37
still hates when I'm not there
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
06:39
for mysterious reasons,
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
so this was not an option,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:41
but the question I asked,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
could we remix Granny D a bit?
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Dํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์šด๋™์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์„œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:45
What about a walk not of 3,200 miles
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3,200๋งˆ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:47
but of 185 miles across New Hampshire
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1์›”์— ๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”๋ฅผ 185๋งˆ์ผ
06:51
in January?
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๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
06:55
So on January 11,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1์›” 11์ผ,
06:57
the anniversary of Aaron's death,
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์•„๋ก  ์ถ”๋ชจ 1์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—
07:00
we began a walk that ended on January 24th,
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ Dํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜
07:04
the day that Granny D was born.
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1์›” 24์ผ์— ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
A total of 200 people joined us across this walk,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:13
as we went from the very top to the very bottom of New Hampshire
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๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”์˜ ๋์—์„œ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:16
talking about this issue.
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์ด 200๋ช…์ด ๋™์ฐธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And what was astonishing to me,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:20
something I completely did not expect to find,
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
07:23
was the passion and anger
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์—ด์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:26
that there was among everyone that we talked to about this issue.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
We had found in a poll that 96 percent of Americans
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์„ค๋ฌธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, 96%์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
07:36
believe it important to reduce the influence
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๊ธˆ๊ถŒ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:38
of money in politics.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Now politicians and pundits tell you,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๋“ค์€
07:42
there's nothing we can do about this issue,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Americans don't care about it,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ
07:45
but the reason for that is
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
07:48
that 91 percent of Americans
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91%์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
07:50
think there's nothing that can be done about this issue.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
And it's this gap between 96 and 91
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96%์™€ 91%์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
07:57
that explains our politics of resignation.
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์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๋…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
I mean, after all, at least 96 percent of us
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ 96%๋Š”
08:01
wish we could fly like Superman,
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์ˆ˜ํผ๋งจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
but because at least 91 percent of us believe we can't,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 91%๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:06
we don't leap off of tall buildings every time
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๋†’์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
08:09
we have that urge.
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์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
That's because we accept our limits,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
08:12
and so too with this reform.
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๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
But when you give people the sense of hope,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด
08:19
you begin to thaw that absolute sense of impossibility.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
As Harvey Milk said, if you give 'em hope,
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ํ•˜๋น„ ๋ฐ€ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด
08:30
you give 'em a chance, a way to think
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ• 
08:33
about how this change is possible.
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๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Hope.
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ํฌ๋ง.
08:37
And hope is the one thing that we, Aaron's friends,
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ํฌ๋ง์ด ์•„๋ก ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ
08:41
failed him with, because we let him
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ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
lose that sense of hope.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:50
I loved that boy like I love my son.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
But we failed him.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
And I love my country,
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ตญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:05
and I'm not going to fail that.
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๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์กฐ๊ตญ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
I'm not going to fail that.
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09:09
That sense of hope, we're going to hold,
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ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
09:13
and we're going to fight for,
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์ด ์‹ธ์›€์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ๋„
09:14
however impossible this battle looks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ธ์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
What's next?
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
09:20
Well, we started with this march with 200 people,
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์ด ํ–‰์ง„์„ 200๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
09:23
and next year, there will be 1,000
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๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” 1,000๋ช…์ด
09:27
on different routes
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
09:28
that march in the month of January
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1์›”์— ํ–‰์ง„์„ ํ•ด์„œ
09:31
and meet in Concord to celebrate this cause,
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ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์ฝ˜์ฝ”๋“œ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
and then in 2016, before the primary,
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2016๋…„์—๋Š” ์ฒซ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ „์—,
09:37
there will be 10,000 who march across that state,
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์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝฉ์ฝ”๋“œ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜
09:40
meeting in Concord to celebrate this cause.
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๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And as we have marched, people around the country
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ํ–‰์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
have begun to say, "Can we do the same thing
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„
09:48
in our state?"
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
09:49
So we've started a platform called G.D. Walkers,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ G.D ์›Œ์ปค์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
that is, Granny D walkers,
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Dํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ํ–‰๊ตฐ์ด์ฃ .
09:53
and Granny D walkers across the country
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์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ G.D ์›Œ์ปค์Šค๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ณ ์š”.
09:55
will be marching for this reform. Number one.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:58
Number two, on this march,
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ํ–‰์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ–‰์ง„์—๋Š” ์ฌ๋”ํด๋žฉ์˜ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž์ธ ๋ฐ์ด๋น— ์นด์‹œ๋…ธ์”จ๊ฐ€
10:01
one of the founders of Thunderclap, David Cascino,
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10:04
was with us,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:05
and he said, "Well what can we do?"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And so they developed a platform,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋“œ๋ฆด
10:09
which we are announcing today,
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๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:11
that allows us to pull together voters
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๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
10:14
who are committed to this idea of reform.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Regardless of where you are,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…”์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋“ 
10:18
in New Hampshire or outside of New Hampshire,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
10:20
you can sign up and directly be informed
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๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ํ›„๋ณด์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:22
where the candidates are on this issue
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์–ด๋–ค ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
so you can decide who to vote for
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:27
as a function of which is going
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์—ญํ• ๋กœ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€
10:30
to make this possibility real.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
And then finally number three, the hardest.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
We're in the age of the Super PAC.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ดˆ์ •์น˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์œ„์›ํšŒ, ์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Indeed yesterday, Merriam announced
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด์ œ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์—„ ์›น์Šคํ„ฐ์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:42
that Merriam-Webster will have Super PAC as a word.
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์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ์„ ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
It is now an official word in the dictionary.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
So on May 1, aka May Day,
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์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฉ”์ด๋ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” 5์›” 1์ผ์—
10:55
we're going to try an experiment.
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
We're going to try a launching
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ๋“ค์„ ์ข…๊ฒฐ์ง“๋Š”,
11:00
of what we can think of as a Super PAC
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ์„
11:02
to end all Super PACs.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
And the basic way this works is this.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
For the last year, we have been working
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์ž‘๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •์น˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
11:09
with analysts and political experts
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ํ•  ๋งŒํผ
11:13
to calculate, how much would it cost
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
11:16
to win enough votes in the United States Congress
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์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€
11:19
to make fundamental reform possible?
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
What is that number? Half a billion? A billion?
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? 5์–ต? 10์–ต?
11:23
What is that number?
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:25
And then whatever that number is,
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
11:28
we are going to kickstart, sort of,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
because you can't use KickStarter for political work,
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๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋งˆ๋ จ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ ํ‚ฅ์Šคํƒ€ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
์ •์ง€์ ์ธ ์ผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:32
but anyway, kickstart, sort of,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
first a bottom-up campaign
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๋จผ์ € ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:37
where people will make small dollar commitments
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์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ
11:40
contingent on reaching very ambitious goals,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ญ์‹œ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
and when those goals have been reached,
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๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด
11:45
we will turn to the large dollar contributors,
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ํฐ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•ด ์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
11:49
to get them to contribute to make it possible
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:52
for us to run the kind of Super PAC necessary
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
11:56
to win this issue,
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ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
to change the way money influences politics,
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๊ธˆ๊ถŒ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
so that on November 8,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 11์›” 8์ผ์—,
12:04
which I discovered yesterday is the day
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์–ด์ œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”๋ฐ
12:06
that Aaron would have been 30 years old,
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์•„๋ก ์ด 30์‚ด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
on November 8,
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11์›” 8์ผ์—,
12:13
we will celebrate 218 representatives
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์—
์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
12:16
in the House and 60 Senators
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 218๋ช…์˜ ํ•˜์›์˜์›๊ณผ
12:18
in the United States Senate
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60๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์ด
12:20
who have committed to this idea
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12:23
of fundamental reform.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋…์‹์„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
So last night, we heard about wishes.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์†Œ์›์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
Here's my wish.
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์ €์˜ ์†Œ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
May one.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด,
12:34
May the ideals of one boy
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ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
12:37
unite one nation behind one critical idea
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
12:41
that we are one people,
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12:44
we are the people who were promised a government,
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์˜ค์ง ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ
12:47
a government that was promised to be
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์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค,
12:50
dependent upon the people alone, the people,
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๋งค๋””์Šจ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:54
who, as Madison told us,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
12:57
meant not the rich more than the poor.
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์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
May one.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋„์š”.
13:03
And then may you, may you join this movement,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
์ด ์šด๋™์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
not because you're a politician,
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์ •์น˜์ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:09
not because you're an expert,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—ฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
13:11
not because this is your field,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—ฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:14
but because if you are,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
13:16
you are a citizen.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
13:19
Aaron asked me that.
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์•„๋ก ์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„
13:22
Now I've asked you.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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