What if 3D printing was 100x faster? | Joseph DeSimone

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

I'm thrilled to be here tonight

Uzbuđen sam što sam ovde večeras

to share with you something we've been working on

da bih sa vama podelio nešto na čemu radimo

for over two years,

preko dve godine,

and it's in the area of additive manufacturing,

a to je u polju proizvodnje aditiva,

also known as 3D printing.

poznatije kao 3D štampanje.

You see this object here.

Vidite ovaj predmet.

It looks fairly simple, but it's quite complex at the same time.

Izgleda prilično jednostavno, ali je u isto vreme kompleksan.

It's a set of concentric geodesic structures

To je niz koncentričnih geodezijskih struktura

with linkages between each one.

sa vezama između sebe.

In its context, it is not manufacturable by traditional manufacturing techniques.

U svom kontekstu, nije ga moguće proizvesti tradicionalnim tehnikama.

It has a symmetry such that you can't injection mold it.

Poseduje takvu simetriju da se ne može dobiti ubrizgavanjem u kalup.

You can't even manufacture it through milling.

Čak se ne može dobiti izradom na glodalici.

This is a job for a 3D printer,

Ovo je posao za 3D štampač,

but most 3D printers would take between three and 10 hours to fabricate it,

ali većini 3D štampača bi bilo potrebno između tri i deset sati da ga naprave,

and we're going to take the risk tonight to try to fabricate it onstage

a mi ćemo večeras rizikovati da probamo da ga napravimo na sceni

during this 10-minute talk.

tokom ovog govora od 10 minuta.

Wish us luck.

Poželite nam sreću.

Now, 3D printing is actually a misnomer.

"3D štampanje" je zapravo pogrešan naziv.

It's actually 2D printing over and over again,

To je zapravo 2D štampanje, iznova i iznova

and it in fact uses the technologies associated with 2D printing.

i zapravo koristi tehnologije povezane sa 2D štampanjem.

Think about inkjet printing where you lay down ink on a page to make letters,

Pomislite na štampanje mastilom gde na list stavite mastilo da dobijete slova,

and then do that over and over again to build up a three-dimensional object.

i onda to radite iznova i iznova kako bi se dobio trodimenzionalni objekat.

In microelectronics, they use something

U mikroelektronici, koristi se nešto

called lithography to do the same sort of thing,

što se zove litografija, kako bi se uradilo isto to,

to make the transistors and integrated circuits

kako bi se napravili tranzistori i integrisana kola

and build up a structure several times.

i napravila struktura nekoliko puta.

These are all 2D printing technologies.

Ovo su sve tehnologije 2D štampanja.

Now, I'm a chemist, a material scientist too,

Ja sam hemičar, znači da sam i ja materijalni naučnik

and my co-inventors are also material scientists,

a moji saradnici su takođe materijalni naučnici,

one a chemist, one a physicist,

jedan je hemičar, jedan je fizičar

and we began to be interested in 3D printing.

i počelo je da nas interesuje 3D štampanje.

And very often, as you know, new ideas are often simple connections

Kao što znate, nove ideje su veoma često jednostavne veze

between people with different experiences in different communities,

između ljudi sa različitim iskustvima iz različitih zajednica,

and that's our story.

i to je naša priča.

Now, we were inspired

Inspirisala nas je scena

by the "Terminator 2" scene for T-1000,

iz "Terminatora 2" sa T-1000

and we thought, why couldn't a 3D printer operate in this fashion,

i pomislili smo, zašto 3D štampač ne bi ovako funkcionisao,

where you have an object arise out of a puddle

gde bi se predmet podizao iz barice

in essentially real time

u suštini u realnom vremenu

with essentially no waste

bez ikakvog otpada

to make a great object?

kako bi nastao sjajan predmet.

Okay, just like the movies.

Baš kao u filmovima.

And could we be inspired by Hollywood

Možemo li biti inspirisani Holivudom

and come up with ways to actually try to get this to work?

i smisliti načine da zapravo pokušamo da nateramo ovo da radi?

And that was our challenge.

To je bio naš izazov.

And our approach would be, if we could do this,

Naš pristup je bio, ako bismo mogli da uradimo ovo,

then we could fundamentally address the three issues holding back 3D printing

onda bismo mogli da u osnovi rešimo tri problema koja sputavaju 3D štampanje

from being a manufacturing process.

da bude proces proizvodnje.

One, 3D printing takes forever.

Prvi je to što 3D štampanje traje večno.

There are mushrooms that grow faster than 3D printed parts. (Laughter)

Postoje pečurke koje rastu brže od delova koji se štampaju u 3D. (Smeh)

The layer by layer process

Proces sloja po sloj

leads to defects in mechanical properties,

dovodi do defekata u mehaničkim svojstvima

and if we could grow continuously, we could eliminate those defects.

a ukoliko bismo "uzgajali" bez prekida mogli bismo i da uklonimo te defekte.

And in fact, if we could grow really fast, we could also start using materials

Zapravo, kada bismo veoma brzo "uzgajali", mogli bismo da počnemo da koristimo

that are self-curing, and we could have amazing properties.

materijale koji se sami suše, mogli bismo da imamo neverovatna svojstva.

So if we could pull this off, imitate Hollywood,

Kada bismo mogli da izvedemo ovo, da imitiramo Holivud,

we could in fact address 3D manufacturing.

mogli bismo da rešimo 3D proizvodnju.

Our approach is to use some standard knowledge

Naš pristup je do koristimo neka osnovna znanja

in polymer chemistry

iz hemije polimera

to harness light and oxygen to grow parts continuously.

kako bismo koristili svetlost i kiseonik da neprestano "uzgajamo" delove.

Light and oxygen work in different ways.

Svetlost i kiseonik funkcionišu na različite načine.

Light can take a resin and convert it to a solid,

Svetlost može smolu da pretvori u čvrstu materiju,

can convert a liquid to a solid.

tečnost u čvrstu materiju.

Oxygen inhibits that process.

Kiseonik usporava taj proces.

So light and oxygen are polar opposites from one another

Tako su svetlost i kiseonik polarno suprotni

from a chemical point of view,

sa hemijske tačke gledišta

and if we can control spatially the light and oxygen,

i ako prostorno možemo da kontrolišemo svetlost i kiseonik,

we could control this process.

mogli bismo da kontrolišemo ovaj proces.

And we refer to this as CLIP. [Continuous Liquid Interface Production.]

Ovo nazivamo PSIT. [Produkcija stalnog interfejsa tečnosti]

It has three functional components.

Ima tri funkcionalne komponente.

One, it has a reservoir that holds the puddle,

Prvo, ima rezervoar u kom je barica,

just like the T-1000.

baš kao T-1000.

At the bottom of the reservoir is a special window.

Na dnu rezervoara je poseban prozor.

I'll come back to that.

Vratiću se na to.

In addition, it has a stage that will lower into the puddle

Pored toga, ima i skelu koja se spušta u baricu

and pull the object out of the liquid.

i izvlači predmet iz tečnosti.

The third component is a digital light projection system

Treća komponenta je sistem za digitalnu projekciju svetla

underneath the reservoir,

ispod rezervoara,

illuminating with light in the ultraviolet region.

koji emituje svetlost u ultraljubičastom regionu.

Now, the key is that this window in the bottom of this reservoir,

Ključno je da je ovaj prozor na dnu rezervoara,

it's a composite, it's a very special window.

to je kompozitni materijal i veoma poseban prozor.

It's not only transparent to light but it's permeable to oxygen.

Ne samo da je transparentan na svetlo već je i propustljiv na kiseonik.

It's got characteristics like a contact lens.

Ima karakteristike kao kontaktno sočivo.

So we can see how the process works.

Možemo videti kako se odvija proces.

You can start to see that as you lower a stage in there,

Možete videti da kako spuštate skelu,

in a traditional process, with an oxygen-impermeable window,

u tradicionalnom procesu sa prozorom kroz koji prodire kiseonik,

you make a two-dimensional pattern

pravi se dvodimenzionalni šablon

and you end up gluing that onto the window with a traditional window,

i na kraju to zalepite za prozor sa tradicionanim prozorom,

and so in order to introduce the next layer, you have to separate it,

a kako bi se uveo novi sloj, morate da ga odvojite,

introduce new resin, reposition it,

uvedete novu smolu, premestite je

and do this process over and over again.

i ponovite ovaj proces iznova i iznova.

But with our very special window,

Ali sa našim posebnim prozorom,

what we're able to do is, with oxygen coming through the bottom

sa kiseonikom koji dolazi odozdo,

as light hits it,

kako ga dodiruje svetlost,

that oxygen inhibits the reaction,

taj kiseonik usporava reakciju

and we form a dead zone.

i možemo da stvorimo mrtvu zonu.

This dead zone is on the order of tens of microns thick,

Mrtva zona je debela po redu desetina mikrona,

so that's two or three diameters of a red blood cell,

to je dva ili tri prečnika ćelije crvenog krvnog zrnca,

right at the window interface that remains a liquid,

baš na interfejsu prozora koji ostaje u tečnom stanju

and we pull this object up,

i ovaj predmet dižemo

and as we talked about in a Science paper,

i kao što smo rekli u svom naučnom radu,

as we change the oxygen content, we can change the dead zone thickness.

kako menjamo sadržaj kiseonika, možemo da menjamo debljinu mrtve zone.

And so we have a number of key variables that we control: oxygen content,

Postoji nekoliko ključnih varijabli koje kontrolišemo: sadržaj kiseonika,

the light, the light intensity, the dose to cure,

svetlost, intenzitet svetla, doza koju treba osušiti,

the viscosity, the geometry,

viskoznost, geometrija

and we use very sophisticated software to control this process.

i koristimo veoma sofisticiran softver da bismo kontrolisali ovaj proces.

The result is pretty staggering.

Rezultat je zapanjujući.

It's 25 to 100 times faster than traditional 3D printers,

25 do 100 puta je brže od tradicionalnih 3D štampača,

which is game-changing.

što potpuno menja igru.

In addition, as our ability to deliver liquid to that interface,

Pored te mogućnosti dostavljanja tečnosti na interfejs,

we can go 1,000 times faster I believe,

možemo da idemo 1000 puta brže

and that in fact opens up the opportunity for generating a lot of heat,

i to otvara mogućnosti za stvaranje dosta toplote,

and as a chemical engineer, I get very excited at heat transfer

a kao hemijski inženjer, veoma se uzbudim zbog prenosa toplote

and the idea that we might one day have water-cooled 3D printers,

i zamisli da jednog dana možemo imati 3D štampače sa vodenim hlađenjem

because they're going so fast.

jer će ići tako brzo.

In addition, because we're growing things, we eliminate the layers,

Pored toga, zato što "uzgajamo" predmete, eliminišu se slojevi

and the parts are monolithic.

i delovi su monolitni.

You don't see the surface structure.

Ne vidite površinsku strukturu.

You have molecularly smooth surfaces.

Imate površine koje su glatke na molekularnom nivou.

And the mechanical properties of most parts made in a 3D printer

Mehanička svojstva većine delova koji su nastali u 3D štampaču

are notorious for having properties that depend on the orientation

na zlom su glasu zbog svojstava koji zavise od pravca

with which how you printed it, because of the layer-like structure.

u kom ih štampate, zbog strukture nalik na slojeve.

But when you grow objects like this,

Ali kada ovako "uzgajate" predmete,

the properties are invariant with the print direction.

svojstva ne zavise od pravca štampanja.

These look like injection-molded parts,

Ovi delovi izgledaju kao da su nastali ubacivanjem u kalupe,

which is very different than traditional 3D manufacturing.

što je umnogome drugačije od tradicionalnog 3D štampanja.

In addition, we're able to throw

Pored toga, možemo da primenimo

the entire polymer chemistry textbook at this,

ceo udžbenik hemije polimera

and we're able to design chemistries that can give rise to the properties

i možemo da osmislimo hemije koje mogu da dovedu do izražaja

you really want in a 3D-printed object.

svojstva koja zaista želite u 3D odštampanom proizvodu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

There it is. That's great.

Eto ga. To je sjajno.

You always take the risk that something like this won't work onstage, right?

Uvek rizikujete da ovako nešto neće raditi na sceni, zar ne?

But we can have materials with great mechanical properties.

Ali možemo da imamo materijale sa sjajnim mehaničkim svojstvima.

For the first time, we can have elastomers

Po prvi put, možemo imati elastomere

that are high elasticity or high dampening.

sa visokim elasticitetom i prigušenjem.

Think about vibration control or great sneakers, for example.

Pomislite na kontrolu vibracija ili odlične patike, na primer.

We can make materials that have incredible strength,

Možemo da napravimo materijale sa neverovatnom snagom,

high strength-to-weight ratio, really strong materials,

visokim odnosom snage po težini, zaista snažne materijale,

really great elastomers,

zaista sjajne elastomere,

so throw that in the audience there.

pa bacite to u publiku.

So great material properties.

Sjajna svojstva materijala.

And so the opportunity now, if you actually make a part

Sada je prilika, da ako zapravo napravite deo

that has the properties to be a final part,

koji ima svojstva da bude konačan deo

and you do it in game-changing speeds,

i to uradite sa revolucionarnom brzinom,

you can actually transform manufacturing.

možete transformisati proizvodnju.

Right now, in manufacturing, what happens is,

Sada se u proizvodnji dešava

the so-called digital thread in digital manufacturing.

takozvana digitalna nit u digitalnoj proizvodnji.

We go from a CAD drawing, a design, to a prototype to manufacturing.

Ide se sa CAD nacrta, dizajna, na prototip, pa na proizvodnju.

Often, the digital thread is broken right at prototype,

Često se digitalna nit prekida odmah kod prototipa

because you can't go all the way to manufacturing

jer ne možete da odete do proizvodnje

because most parts don't have the properties to be a final part.

jer većina delova nema svojstva da bude konačni deo.

We now can connect the digital thread

Sada možemo povezati digitalnu nit

all the way from design to prototyping to manufacturing,

sve od dizajna, preko prototipa, do proizvodnje,

and that opportunity really opens up all sorts of things,

i to zaista otvara mogućnosti za mnogo toga,

from better fuel-efficient cars dealing with great lattice properties

od automobila sa boljom ekonomijom goriva gde se radi o boljim svojstvima rešetke

with high strength-to-weight ratio,

sa boljim odnosom snage i težine,

new turbine blades, all sorts of wonderful things.

novim perajima turbine, mnogo divnih stvari.

Think about if you need a stent in an emergency situation,

Pomislite da vam treba stent u hitnoj situaciji,

instead of the doctor pulling off a stent out of the shelf

umesto da doktor uzima stent sa police

that was just standard sizes,

u standardnoj veličini,

having a stent that's designed for you, for your own anatomy

možete imati stent dizajniran za vas, za vašu anatomiju

with your own tributaries,

po vašem krvotoku

printed in an emergency situation in real time out of the properties

koji se štampa u hitnoj situaciji u stvarnom vremenu od svojstava

such that the stent could go away after 18 months: really-game changing.

tako da stent može da se skloni nakon 18 meseci - zaista revolucionarno.

Or digital dentistry, and making these kinds of structures

Ili digitalno zubarstvo i pravljenje ovakvih struktura

even while you're in the dentist chair.

čak dok ste u stolici kod zubara.

And look at the structures that my students are making

Pogledajte strukture koje pravimo ja i moji učenici

at the University of North Carolina.

na Univerzitetu Severne Karoline.

These are amazing microscale structures.

Ovo su neverovatne strukture na mikro skali.

You know, the world is really good at nano-fabrication.

Svet je zaista dobar u nano-proizvodnji.

Moore's Law has driven things from 10 microns and below.

Murov zakon je doveo stvari do nivoa od 10 mikrona i ispod.

We're really good at that,

Zaista smo dobri u tome

but it's actually very hard to make things from 10 microns to 1,000 microns,

ali zapravo je veoma teško napraviti stvari od 10 do 1000 mikrona,

the mesoscale.

to je mezoskala.

And subtractive techniques from the silicon industry

Suptraktivne tehnike iz industrije silikona

to ne mogu da rade veoma dobro.

can't do that very well.

They can't etch wafers that well.

Ne mogu tako dobro da graviraju oblande.

But this process is so gentle,

Ali ovaj proces je tako nežan

we can grow these objects up from the bottom

da možemo da "uzgajamo" ove predmete od samog početka

using additive manufacturing

koristeći aditivnu proizvodnju

and make amazing things in tens of seconds,

i da pravimo neverovatne stvari za desetine sekundi,

opening up new sensor technologies,

otvarajući nove tehnologije senzora,

new drug delivery techniques,

nove tehnike dostave lekova,

new lab-on-a-chip applications, really game-changing stuff.

nove primene laboratorija na čipu, zaista revolucionarne stvari.

So the opportunity of making a part in real time

Prilika da se u realnom vremenu stvara deo

that has the properties to be a final part

koji ima svojstva konačnog dela

really opens up 3D manufacturing,

zaista otvara 3D proizvodnju

and for us, this is very exciting, because this really is owning

i ovo je za nas veoma uzbudljivo jer je ovo zaista posedovanje

the intersection between hardware, software and molecular science,

preseka između hardvera, softvera i molekularne nauke

and I can't wait to see what designers and engineers around the world

i jedva čekam da vidim šta će sa ovom alatkom moći da urade

are going to be able to do with this great tool.

dizajneri i naučnici širom sveta.

Thanks for listening.

Hvala na slušanju.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)