Joe Madiath: Better toilets, better life

Prevodilac: Nemanja Milic Lektor: Mile Živković

It is very fashionable and proper to speak about food

Veoma je moderno i ispravno pričati o hrani.

in all its forms, all its colors, aromas and tastes.

U svim njenim oblicima, njenim bojama, aromama i ukusima.

But after the food goes through the digestive system,

Ali kada hrana prođe kroz probavni sistem,

when it is thrown out as crap,

kada je izbačena napolje kao izmet,

it is no longer fashionable to speak about it.

vise nije moderna tema.

It is rather revolting.

To je prilično odvratno.

I'm a guy who has graduated from bullshit to full-shit.

Ja sam tip koji je diplomirao od izmeta do potpunog sranja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

My organization, Gram Vikas, which means "village development organization,"

Moja organizacija, Gram Vikas, sto znači "organizacija za razvoj sela",

was working in the area of renewable energy.

radila je u oblasti obnovljive energije.

On the most part, we were producing biogas,

Najvećim delom, proizvodili smo biogas,

biogas for rural kitchens.

biogas za seoske kuhinje.

We produce biogas in India by using animal manure,

U Indiji proizvodimo biogas koristeći životinjsko đubrivo,

which usually, in India, is called cow dung.

koje se uglavnom, u Indiji naziva kravljom balegom.

But as the gender-sensitive person that I am,

Ali pošto imam obzira prema oba pola,

I would like to call it bullshit.

ja bih voleo da to zovem sranje.

But realizing later on

Ali shvativši kasnije

how important were sanitation and the disposal of crap in a proper way,

koliko su bitna higijenska sredstva, i odlaganje izmeta na pravi način,

we went into the arena of sanitation.

mi smo ušli u arenu sanitarnosti.

Eighty percent of all diseases in India and most developing countries

Osamdeset procenata svih bolesti u Indiji i većini zemalja u razvoju

are because of poor quality water.

potiče od lošeg kvaliteta vode.

And when we look at the reason for poor quality water,

A kada pogledamo sta je uzrok lošeg kvaliteta vode,

you find that it is our abysmal attitude to the disposal of human waste.

videćete da je to naš izuzetno loš stav prema odlaganju ljudskog otpada.

Human waste, in its rawest form,

Ljudski otpad, u svojoj najsirovijoj formi,

finds its way back to drinking water, bathing water, washing water,

nalazi svoj put nazad do vode za piće, vode za kupanje, vode za pranje,

irrigation water, whatever water you see.

vode za navodnjavanje, bilo koje vode koju vidite.

And this is the cause for 80 percent of the diseases in rural areas.

I to je uzrok 80% bolesti seoskih područja.

In India, it is unfortunately only the women who carry water.

U indiji, nažalost samo žene nose vodu.

So for all domestic needs, women have to carry water.

Za sve kućne potrebe, žene moraju da nose vodu.

So that is a pitiable state of affairs.

Tako da je to žalosno stanje stvari.

Open defecation is rampant.

Mala i velika nužda se obavlja svuda.

Seventy percent of India defecates in the open.

70% stanovnika Indije vrši nuždu na otvorenom.

They sit there out in the open,

Oni sede napolju,

with the wind on their sails,

sa vetrom u jedrima,

hiding their faces, exposing their bases,

skrivajući svoja lica, pokazuju svoje zadnjice,

and sitting there in pristine glory --

sedeći tamo u punom sjaju.

70 percent of India.

Sedamdeset procenata Indije.

And if you look at the world total,

A ako pogledate na celokupni svet,

60 percent of all the crap that is thrown into the open is by Indians.

60 procenata od sveg izmeta koji se baci na otvoreno, bace Indijci.

A fantastic distinction.

Fantastična odlika.

I don't know if we Indians can be proud of such a distinction.

Ne znam da li mi Indijci možemo biti ponosni na takvu odliku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So we, together with a lot of villages,

Zato mi, zajedno sa mnogo sela,

we began to talk about how to really address this situation of sanitation.

počinjemo da diskutujemo kako se pozabaviti ovom higijenskom situacijom.

And we came together and formed a project called MANTRA.

Okupili smo se i formirali projekat pod imenom MANTRA.

MANTRA stands for Movement and Action Network for Transformation of Rural Areas.

MANTRA je skraćeno za: mreža za kretanje i akciju transformisanja seoskih područja.

So we are speaking about transformation, transformation in rural areas.

Znači, mi pričamo o transformaciji, transformaciji u seoskim područjima.

Villages that agree to implement this project,

Sela koja se slože da usvoje ovaj projekat,

they organize a legal society

organizuju pravnu zajednicu

where the general body consists of all members

čiji se generalni odbor sastoji od svih članova koji biraju

who elect a group of men and women who implement the project

grupu muškaraca i žena koji će sprovoditi projekat u delo,

and, later on, who look after the operation and maintenance.

koji će se kasnije baviti rukovanjem i održavanjem.

They decide to build a toilet and a shower room.

Oni su odlučili da izgrade toalet i sobu za tuširanje.

And from a protected water source,

I sa zaštićenog izvora vode,

water will be brought to an elevated water reservoir and piped to all households

voda će biti dopremljena na podignut rezervoar sa vodom i prosleđena

through three taps:

do svih domaćinstava kroz tri slavine;

one in the toilet, one in the shower, one in the kitchen, 24 hours a day.

jedna u toaletu, jedna u tuš kabini, jedna u kuhinji, 24 sata dnevno.

The pity is that our cities, like New Delhi and Bombay,

Šteta je što u našim gradovima, kao što su Nju Delhi i Bombaj

do not have a 24-hour water supply.

nije dostupno snabdevanje vodom 24 sata dnevno.

But in these villages, we want to have it.

Ali u tim selima, mi želimo da to imamo.

There is a distinct difference in the quality.

Postoji velika razlika u kvalitetu.

Well in India, we have a theory, which is very much accepted

U Indiji, imamo teoriju, koja je svuda vrlo prihvaćena

by the government bureaucracy and all those who matter,

od strane vladine birokratije i svih onih koji su bitni,

that poor people deserve poor solutions

da siromašni zaslužuju siromašna rešenja

and absolutely poor people deserve pathetic solutions.

a apsolutno siromašni zaslužuju patetična rešenja.

This, combined with a Nobel Prize-worthy theory that

Ovo, u kombinaciji sa teorijom vrednom Nobelove nagrade da je

the cheapest is the most economic,

najeftinije i najekonomičnije,

is the heady cocktail that the poor are forced to drink.

je koktel koji zadaje glavobolju a koji su siromašni dužni da piju.

We are fighting against this.

Mi se borimo protiv toga.

We feel that the poor have been humiliated for centuries.

Mi mislimo da su siromašni ponižavani vekovima.

And even in sanitation,

Ali što se higijene tiče,

they should not be humiliated.

oni ne bi trebali biti ponižavani.

Sanitation is more about dignity

Higijena je više pitanje dostojanstva

than about human disposal of waste.

nego otklanjanja ljudskog otpada.

And so you build these toilets and very often,

I tako gradimo toalete i veoma često

we have to hear that the toilets are better than their houses.

moramo da čujemo kako su toaleti bolji nego njihove kuće.

And you can see that in front are the attached houses

Ovde možete videti da su napred dvojne kuće

and the others are the toilets.

a ostalo su toaleti.

So these people, without a single exception of a family in a village,

I onda ti ljudi, bez ijednog izuzetka

decide to build a toilet, a bathing room.

odluče da izgrade toalet, kupaonicu.

And for that, they come together, collect all the local materials --

I za to, oni se skupe zajedno, sakupe sav lokalni materijal,

local materials like rubble, sand, aggregates,

lokalni materijal kao što je krš, pesak, agregati,

usually a government subsidy is available

obično postoji subvencija vlade

to meet at least part of the cost of external materials

da pokrije makar delić spoljnih materijala

like cement, steel, toilet commode.

kao što su cement, čelik, oprema za toalet.

And they build a toilet and a bathing room.

I oni izrade toalet i kupaonicu.

Also, all the unskilled laborers, that is daily wage earners, mostly landless,

Takođe, neobučeni radnici, koji rade za dnevnicu, uglavnom bez imovine,

are given an opportunity to be trained as masons and plumbers.

imaju mogućnost da budu obučeni kao zidari ili vodoinstalateri.

So while these people are being trained, others are collecting the materials.

Dok tim ljudima traje obuka, ostali sakupljaju materijale.

And when both are ready, they build a toilet, a shower room,

Kada je sve spremno, oni izgrade toalet, kupaonicu

and of course also a water tower, an elevated water reservoir.

i naravno vodotoranj, uzvišen rezervoar sa vodom.

We use a system of two leach pits to treat the waste.

Koristimo sistem sa dve septičke jame da tretiramo otpad.

From the toilet, the muck comes into the first leach pit.

Iz toaleta, prljavština dolazi u prvu septičku jamu.

And when it is full, it is blocked and it can go to the next.

Kada je puna, ona je blokirana i otpad može da ide u drugu.

But we discovered that if you plant banana trees, papaya trees

Ali mi smo otkrili da ako posadimo drvo banane ili papaje

on the periphery of these leach pits,

na periferiji tih septičkih jama,

they grow very well because they suck up all the nutrients

one rastu veoma dobro zato što upijaju hranljive materije

and you get very tasty bananas, papayas.

i dobijamo veoma ukusne banane, papaje.

If any of you come to my place,

Ako bilo ko od vas dođe u moj dom,

I would be happy to share these bananas and papayas with you.

ja ću biti srećan da podelim te banane i papaje sa vama.

So there you can see the completed toilets, the water towers.

Tamo možete videti završene toalete, vodotornjeve.

This is in a village where most of the people are even illiterate.

Sve ovo je u selu gde je većina ljudi čak nepismeno.

It is always a 24-hour water supply

Snabdevanje vodom je 24 časa dnevno

because water gets polluted very often when you store it --

jer se voda zagadi veoma često kada je čuvate nepokretnu,

a child dips his or her hand into it, something falls into it.

dete umoči njegovu ili njenu ruku u vodu, nešto upadne u vodu.

So no water is stored. It's always on tap.

Tako da se voda uopšte ne skladišti. Uvek je spremna na slavini.

This is how an elevated water reservoir is constructed.

Tako je uzvišeni rezervoar sa vodom konstruktovan.

And that is the end product.

Ovo je krajnji proizvod.

Because it has to go high, and there is some space available,

Zato što mora da bude visoko i ima nešto dostupnog prostora,

two or three rooms are made under the water tower,

dve ili tri sobe su napravljene ispod vodotornja,

which are used by the village for different committee meetings.

koje koriste razni seoski komiteti za sastanke.

We have had clear evidence of the great impact of this program.

Imali smo jasan dokaz ogromnog uspeha ovog programa.

Before we started, there were, as usual,

Pre nego što smo počeli, bilo je, kao i obično

more than 80 percent of people suffering from waterborne diseases.

više od 80 procenata ljudi koji boluju od bolesti prenosivih vodom.

But after this, we have empirical evidence that 82 percent, on average,

Ali posle ovoga, imamo empirijski dokaz da 82 procenta, u proseku,

among all these villages -- 1,200 villages have completed it --

među svim tim selima, 1200 sela je završeno,

waterborne diseases have come down 82 percent.

82 procenta bolesti prenošenih vodom je smanjeno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Women usually used to spend, especially in the summer months,

Žene su ranije uglavnom trošile od šest do sedam sati dnevno noseći vodu,

about six to seven hours a day carrying water.

posebno u letnjim mesecima,

And when they went to carry water,

A kada su išle da donose vodu

because, as I said earlier, it's only women who carry water,

jer, kao što sam rekao ranije, samo žene donose vodu,

they used to take their little children, girl children, also to carry water,

one su vodile malu decu, žensku decu, da nose vodu sa njima,

or else to be back at home to look after the siblings.

ili da ostanu kod kuće i brinu o braći i sestrama.

So there were less than nine percent of girl children attending school,

Bilo je manje od devet procenata ženske dece koje pohađaju školu,

even if there was a school.

čak i ako je bilo škole.

And boys, about 30 percent.

A dečaka, oko 30 procenata.

But girls, it has gone to about 90 percent and boys, almost to 100 percent.

Ali sada je procenat devojčica otišao na 90 posto a dečaka, skoro 100 posto.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The most vulnerable section in a village

Najranjiviji deo sela čine

are the landless laborers who are the daily wage-earners.

radnici bez imovine koji rade za dnevnicu.

Because they have gone through this training

Zato što su završili obuku

to be masons and plumbers and bar benders,

da budu zidari , vodoinstalateri i savijači šipki,

now their ability to earn has increased 300 to 400 percent.

njihova sposobnost da zarađuju porasla je od 300 do 400 posto.

So this is a democracy in action

Ovo je demokratija na delu

because there is a general body, a governing board, the committee.

zato što postoji izvršno telo, upravni odbor, komitet.

People are questioning, people are governing themselves,

Ljudi se pitaju, ljudi upravljaju sami,

people are learning to manage their own affairs,

ljudi uče da rukovode svojim poslovima,

they are taking their own futures into their hands.

oni uzimaju budućnost u svoje ruke.

And that is democracy at the grassroots level in action.

I ovo je istinska demokratija na delu.

More than 1,200 villages have so far done this.

Više od 1200 sela je ovo uradilo do sada.

It benefits over 400,000 people and it's still going on.

Od ovoga korist ima 400 000 ljudi i još uvek traje.

And I hope it continues to move ahead.

I nadam se da ce nastaviti da traje.

For India and such developing countries,

Za Indiju i slične zemlje u razvoju,

armies and armaments,

vojska i naoružanje,

software companies and spaceships

softverske kompanije i svemirski brodovi,

may not be as important as taps and toilets.

nisu toliko važni kao slavine i toaleti.

Thank you. Thank you very much.

Hvala vam. Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.