Joe Madiath: Better toilets, better life

46,215 views ใƒป 2015-01-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Guy Marom
00:12
It is very fashionable and proper to speak about food
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื•ืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœ
00:20
in all its forms, all its colors, aromas and tastes.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื.
00:27
But after the food goes through the digestive system,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ,
00:33
when it is thrown out as crap,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ืฆื•ืื”,
00:36
it is no longer fashionable to speak about it.
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ืœื ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
00:40
It is rather revolting.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืœ.
ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ ืœื—ืจื ืžืœื.
00:45
I'm a guy who has graduated from bullshit to full-shit.
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00:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:55
My organization, Gram Vikas, which means "village development organization,"
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื“ืจืื ื•ื™ืงืืก, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• "ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืคืจื™,"
01:02
was working in the area of renewable energy.
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ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
01:05
On the most part, we were producing biogas,
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ืœืจื•ื‘, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ื™ื• ื’ื–,
01:09
biogas for rural kitchens.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื– ืœืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
01:14
We produce biogas in India by using animal manure,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื– ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
01:20
which usually, in India, is called cow dung.
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื ืงืจื ื—ืจื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืช.
01:22
But as the gender-sensitive person that I am,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืื ื™,
01:26
I would like to call it bullshit.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜.
01:29
But realizing later on
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžืื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:31
how important were sanitation and the disposal of crap in a proper way,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืคืชืจื•ืช ืžื—ืจื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
01:39
we went into the arena of sanitation.
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ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”.
01:45
Eighty percent of all diseases in India and most developing countries
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80% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
01:53
are because of poor quality water.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.
01:57
And when we look at the reason for poor quality water,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
02:01
you find that it is our abysmal attitude to the disposal of human waste.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื’ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืชืจื•ืช ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:08
Human waste, in its rawest form,
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ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”,
02:12
finds its way back to drinking water, bathing water, washing water,
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ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื”, ืžื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื”, ืžื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”,
02:18
irrigation water, whatever water you see.
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ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
02:22
And this is the cause for 80 percent of the diseases in rural areas.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœ80% ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
02:29
In India, it is unfortunately only the women who carry water.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืจืง ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื.
02:35
So for all domestic needs, women have to carry water.
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื.
02:40
So that is a pitiable state of affairs.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืขื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
02:46
Open defecation is rampant.
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ื—ื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฅ.
02:48
Seventy percent of India defecates in the open.
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70% ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ืžื—ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:53
They sit there out in the open,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
02:56
with the wind on their sails,
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ืขื ื”ืจื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
02:58
hiding their faces, exposing their bases,
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ืžื—ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื, ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก,
03:02
and sitting there in pristine glory --
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ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื“ื’ื•ืœื” --
03:06
70 percent of India.
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ื›ืŸ, 70% ืžื”ื•ื“ื•.
03:09
And if you look at the world total,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•,
03:12
60 percent of all the crap that is thrown into the open is by Indians.
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60% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืžื•ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
03:21
A fantastic distinction.
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ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
03:23
I don't know if we Indians can be proud of such a distinction.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื–ื• ืื‘ื—ื ื”.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื•, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคืจื™ื,
03:30
So we, together with a lot of villages,
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03:32
we began to talk about how to really address this situation of sanitation.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื”.
03:37
And we came together and formed a project called MANTRA.
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ื•ื”ืชืื’ื“ื ื• ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื ื˜ืจื”.
03:42
MANTRA stands for Movement and Action Network for Transformation of Rural Areas.
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ืžื ื˜ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื• ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ืจืฉืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
03:50
So we are speaking about transformation, transformation in rural areas.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
03:57
Villages that agree to implement this project,
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ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
04:01
they organize a legal society
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ื”ื ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
04:04
where the general body consists of all members
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ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
04:08
who elect a group of men and women who implement the project
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ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
04:14
and, later on, who look after the operation and maintenance.
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”.
04:19
They decide to build a toilet and a shower room.
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืงืœื—ืช.
04:24
And from a protected water source,
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ื•ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ,
04:27
water will be brought to an elevated water reservoir and piped to all households
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ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื
04:34
through three taps:
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ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืจื–ื™ื:
04:37
one in the toilet, one in the shower, one in the kitchen, 24 hours a day.
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช, ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
04:44
The pity is that our cities, like New Delhi and Bombay,
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ืžื” ืฉื—ื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื• ื“ืœื”ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ืžื‘ื™ื™,
04:48
do not have a 24-hour water supply.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
04:52
But in these villages, we want to have it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื”.
04:57
There is a distinct difference in the quality.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช.
05:01
Well in India, we have a theory, which is very much accepted
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืื•ืจื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช
05:07
by the government bureaucracy and all those who matter,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉื ื™ื,
05:10
that poor people deserve poor solutions
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื
05:15
and absolutely poor people deserve pathetic solutions.
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืชื˜ื™ื™ื.
05:22
This, combined with a Nobel Prize-worthy theory that
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ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ
05:28
the cheapest is the most economic,
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ืฉื”ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
05:30
is the heady cocktail that the poor are forced to drink.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื›ืจ ืฉื ื›ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช.
05:38
We are fighting against this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
05:40
We feel that the poor have been humiliated for centuries.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืคืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
05:46
And even in sanitation,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”,
05:49
they should not be humiliated.
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืœื™ื.
05:51
Sanitation is more about dignity
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ืกื ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“
05:54
than about human disposal of waste.
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ืžืœื”ืคื˜ืจื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืคืกื•ืœืช.
05:56
And so you build these toilets and very often,
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ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
06:01
we have to hear that the toilets are better than their houses.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:07
And you can see that in front are the attached houses
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
06:11
and the others are the toilets.
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ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื.
06:14
So these people, without a single exception of a family in a village,
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ืื– ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืคืจ,
06:20
decide to build a toilet, a bathing room.
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ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื, ื—ื“ืจ ืจื—ืฆื”.
06:24
And for that, they come together, collect all the local materials --
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื, ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื --
06:30
local materials like rubble, sand, aggregates,
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืฆืฅ, ื—ื•ืœ, ืื‘ื ื™ื,
06:35
usually a government subsidy is available
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช
06:38
to meet at least part of the cost of external materials
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
06:41
like cement, steel, toilet commode.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืœื˜, ืคืœื“ื”, ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื.
06:46
And they build a toilet and a bathing room.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ืจื—ืฆื”.
06:50
Also, all the unskilled laborers, that is daily wage earners, mostly landless,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืกืจื™ ืื“ืžื”,
06:56
are given an opportunity to be trained as masons and plumbers.
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ื ื™ืชื ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื›ื‘ื ืื™ื ื•ืฉืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ื.
07:04
So while these people are being trained, others are collecting the materials.
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ืื—ืจื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
07:09
And when both are ready, they build a toilet, a shower room,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื, ื—ื“ืจ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”,
07:14
and of course also a water tower, an elevated water reservoir.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžื™ื, ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”.
07:21
We use a system of two leach pits to treat the waste.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืกื•ืœืช.
07:27
From the toilet, the muck comes into the first leach pit.
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ืžื”ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื, ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
07:31
And when it is full, it is blocked and it can go to the next.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืกื ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ื•.
07:36
But we discovered that if you plant banana trees, papaya trees
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืขืฆื™ ื‘ื ื ื”, ืขืฆื™ ืคืคืื™ื”
07:41
on the periphery of these leach pits,
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ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื™ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื”,
07:44
they grow very well because they suck up all the nutrients
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ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื
07:47
and you get very tasty bananas, papayas.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืคืื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช.
07:53
If any of you come to my place,
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ืื ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
07:56
I would be happy to share these bananas and papayas with you.
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืžื— ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืคืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืชื›ื.
08:01
So there you can see the completed toilets, the water towers.
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ืื– ืคื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
08:07
This is in a village where most of the people are even illiterate.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
08:13
It is always a 24-hour water supply
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
08:15
because water gets polluted very often when you store it --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžื–ื“ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉืื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื --
08:21
a child dips his or her hand into it, something falls into it.
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ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืคืœ ืคื ื™ืžื”.
08:26
So no water is stored. It's always on tap.
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ืื– ืžื™ื ืœื ื ืื’ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื.
08:33
This is how an elevated water reservoir is constructed.
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ื›ืš ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื ื”.
08:37
And that is the end product.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.
08:39
Because it has to go high, and there is some space available,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™,
08:44
two or three rooms are made under the water tower,
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื,
08:47
which are used by the village for different committee meetings.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื›ืคืจ ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื•ืช.
08:51
We have had clear evidence of the great impact of this program.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
08:58
Before we started, there were, as usual,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื•, ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
09:02
more than 80 percent of people suffering from waterborne diseases.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-80% ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืฉืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื.
09:07
But after this, we have empirical evidence that 82 percent, on average,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉ-82% ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
09:14
among all these villages -- 1,200 villages have completed it --
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” -- 1,200 ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• --
09:18
waterborne diseases have come down 82 percent.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืฉืื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘-82%.
09:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:30
Women usually used to spend, especially in the summer months,
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ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืœื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
09:35
about six to seven hours a day carrying water.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 6-7 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ืžื™ื.
09:43
And when they went to carry water,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืฉืืช ืžื™ื,
09:46
because, as I said earlier, it's only women who carry water,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉืื• ืžื™ื,
09:52
they used to take their little children, girl children, also to carry water,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืื™ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื,
09:58
or else to be back at home to look after the siblings.
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ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื.
10:03
So there were less than nine percent of girl children attending school,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-9% ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
10:07
even if there was a school.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ.
10:10
And boys, about 30 percent.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš 30%.
10:13
But girls, it has gone to about 90 percent and boys, almost to 100 percent.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืขืœื” ืœ-90% ื‘ืขืจืš ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœ-100%.
10:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:24
The most vulnerable section in a village
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืคืจ
10:28
are the landless laborers who are the daily wage-earners.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื™ื•ื.
10:32
Because they have gone through this training
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื”
10:34
to be masons and plumbers and bar benders,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืื™ื ื•ืฉืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ื,
10:38
now their ability to earn has increased 300 to 400 percent.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขืœืชื” ื‘- 300%-400%.
10:46
So this is a democracy in action
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ืื– ื–ื• ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”
10:49
because there is a general body, a governing board, the committee.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืคืงื—ืช, ืืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื”.
10:53
People are questioning, people are governing themselves,
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ืืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื,
10:56
people are learning to manage their own affairs,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื,
10:59
they are taking their own futures into their hands.
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื.
11:02
And that is democracy at the grassroots level in action.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
11:10
More than 1,200 villages have so far done this.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,200 ื›ืคืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืขื“ ื›ื”.
11:17
It benefits over 400,000 people and it's still going on.
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ื–ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-400,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš.
11:22
And I hope it continues to move ahead.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
11:29
For India and such developing countries,
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ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
11:34
armies and armaments,
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ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ,
11:39
software companies and spaceships
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ื—ืœืœื™ื•ืช
11:48
may not be as important as taps and toilets.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื.
11:54
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:01
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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