Joe Madiath: Better toilets, better life

46,186 views ใƒป 2015-01-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Heon-ho Choo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Kiju Lee
00:12
It is very fashionable and proper to speak about food
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์Œ์‹์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘, ์ƒ‰๊น”, ํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:20
in all its forms, all its colors, aromas and tastes.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
00:27
But after the food goes through the digestive system,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ์‹์ด ์†Œํ™”๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜
00:33
when it is thrown out as crap,
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๋˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด
00:36
it is no longer fashionable to speak about it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
It is rather revolting.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
I'm a guy who has graduated from bullshit to full-shit.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐฌ ๋˜ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๊ณจ์ด ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:55
My organization, Gram Vikas, which means "village development organization,"
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"๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋‹จ์ฒด" ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ๋น„์นด์Šค๋Š”
01:02
was working in the area of renewable energy.
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์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
On the most part, we were producing biogas,
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
biogas for rural kitchens.
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์‹œ๊ณจ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์“ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ์š”.
01:14
We produce biogas in India by using animal manure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ธ๋„์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‡ ๋˜ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ถ„๋‡จ์™€ ์งš์ด ์„ž์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์จ์„œ
01:20
which usually, in India, is called cow dung.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
But as the gender-sensitive person that I am,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
01:26
I would like to call it bullshit.
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์‡ ๋˜ฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '์ง€๋ž„'๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
01:29
But realizing later on
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„์ƒ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‡จ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:31
how important were sanitation and the disposal of crap in a proper way,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
01:39
we went into the arena of sanitation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Eighty percent of all diseases in India and most developing countries
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ 80%๋Š”
01:53
are because of poor quality water.
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
And when we look at the reason for poor quality water,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:01
you find that it is our abysmal attitude to the disposal of human waste.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ตœ์•…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:08
Human waste, in its rawest form,
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๋ถ„๋‡จ๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
02:12
finds its way back to drinking water, bathing water, washing water,
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๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ, ๋ชฉ์š•์šฉ ๋ฌผ, ์ฒญ์†Œ์šฉ ๋ฌผ, ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ฐœ์šฉ ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ,
02:18
irrigation water, whatever water you see.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์œ ์ž…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And this is the cause for 80 percent of the diseases in rural areas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘ 80%์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
In India, it is unfortunately only the women who carry water.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So for all domestic needs, women have to carry water.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:40
So that is a pitiable state of affairs.
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๊ฐ€์—พ์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Open defecation is rampant.
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๋…ธ์ƒ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์€ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Seventy percent of India defecates in the open.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ 70%๋Š” ๋…ธ์ƒ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
They sit there out in the open,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ–์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
02:56
with the wind on their sails,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
02:58
hiding their faces, exposing their bases,
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์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๊ฐ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฐ‘์€ ๋‹ค ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ฑ„๋กœ
03:02
and sitting there in pristine glory --
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์›์‹œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
70 percent of India.
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์ธ๋„์˜ 70%๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And if you look at the world total,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:12
60 percent of all the crap that is thrown into the open is by Indians.
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๋…ธ์ƒ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์˜ 60%๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํƒ€์˜ ์ถ”์ข…์„ ๋ถˆํ—ˆํ•˜์ฃ .
03:21
A fantastic distinction.
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03:23
I don't know if we Indians can be proud of such a distinction.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋„์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:30
So we, together with a lot of villages,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๋งŽ์€ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
03:32
we began to talk about how to really address this situation of sanitation.
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์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:37
And we came together and formed a project called MANTRA.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ '๋งŒํŠธ๋ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
MANTRA stands for Movement and Action Network for Transformation of Rural Areas.
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๋งŒํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์šด๋™ ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
So we are speaking about transformation, transformation in rural areas.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Villages that agree to implement this project,
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๋งˆ์„๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:01
they organize a legal society
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๋ฒ•์  ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
where the general body consists of all members
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
04:08
who elect a group of men and women who implement the project
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ 
04:14
and, later on, who look after the operation and maintenance.
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์„ ์ถœํ•˜์ฃ .
04:19
They decide to build a toilet and a shower room.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ƒค์›Œ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And from a protected water source,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:27
water will be brought to an elevated water reservoir and piped to all households
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๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ ธ์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
through three taps:
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:37
one in the toilet, one in the shower, one in the kitchen, 24 hours a day.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋กœ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ์‹ค๋กœ, ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์—Œ์œผ๋กœ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์ฃ .
04:44
The pity is that our cities, like New Delhi and Bombay,
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์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ ์€ ๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ด„๋ฒ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:48
do not have a 24-hour water supply.
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๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
But in these villages, we want to have it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:57
There is a distinct difference in the quality.
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์งˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Well in India, we have a theory, which is very much accepted
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
by the government bureaucracy and all those who matter,
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05:10
that poor people deserve poor solutions
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:15
and absolutely poor people deserve pathetic solutions.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:22
This, combined with a Nobel Prize-worthy theory that
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์ด ์™„์ „ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ ํƒ€์‹ค๋งŒํ•œ '๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ผ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋‹ค' ๋ผ๋Š”
05:28
the cheapest is the most economic,
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์ด๋ก ์ด๋ž‘ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ (๋น„๊ผฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„)
05:30
is the heady cocktail that the poor are forced to drink.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋…ํ•œ ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
We are fighting against this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
We feel that the poor have been humiliated for centuries.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ์ธต์ด ๋ชจ์š•๋‹นํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And even in sanitation,
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๋น„๋ก ์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
05:49
they should not be humiliated.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์š•๋‹นํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Sanitation is more about dignity
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์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถ„๋‡จ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
05:54
than about human disposal of waste.
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ํ’ˆ์œ„์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
And so you build these toilets and very often,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์ง€์–ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ์ž์ฃผ
06:01
we have to hear that the toilets are better than their houses.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์ง‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:07
And you can see that in front are the attached houses
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๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ฅ๋‹ค๋‹ฅ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๊ณ 
06:11
and the others are the toilets.
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์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
So these people, without a single exception of a family in a village,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
06:20
decide to build a toilet, a bathing room.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ƒค์›Œ์‹ค์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And for that, they come together, collect all the local materials --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ž๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
local materials like rubble, sand, aggregates,
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๊ณ ๋ฌด, ๋ชจ๋ž˜, ๊ณจ์žฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„์š”.
06:35
usually a government subsidy is available
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์“ฐ์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด
06:38
to meet at least part of the cost of external materials
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์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋“ค์—ฌ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณดํƒœ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
like cement, steel, toilet commode.
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ, ๊ฐ•์ฒ , ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๋ณ€๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
And they build a toilet and a bathing room.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์š• ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Also, all the unskilled laborers, that is daily wage earners, mostly landless,
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๋˜ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ํ† ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ์šฉ์ง์ธ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€
06:56
are given an opportunity to be trained as masons and plumbers.
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์„๊ณต์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
So while these people are being trained, others are collecting the materials.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋™์•ˆ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And when both are ready, they build a toilet, a shower room,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–‘์ชฝ์ด ๋‹ค ์ค€๋น„๋˜๋ฉด, ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ƒค์›Œ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:14
and of course also a water tower, an elevated water reservoir.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ํƒ‘๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ๋„์š”.
07:21
We use a system of two leach pits to treat the waste.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ณผํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
07:27
From the toilet, the muck comes into the first leach pit.
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฌ๊ณผํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
And when it is full, it is blocked and it can go to the next.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต์ด ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐจ๋ฉด ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:36
But we discovered that if you plant banana trees, papaya trees
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ณผํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
07:41
on the periphery of these leach pits,
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด
07:44
they grow very well because they suck up all the nutrients
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ž€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
and you get very tasty bananas, papayas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:53
If any of you come to my place,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ์ œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:56
I would be happy to share these bananas and papayas with you.
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์ด ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
So there you can see the completed toilets, the water towers.
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์™„์„ฑ๋œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ํƒ‘์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
This is in a village where most of the people are even illiterate.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ๋งน์ธ ๋งˆ์„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฑด ํ•ญ์ƒ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
It is always a 24-hour water supply
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08:15
because water gets polluted very often when you store it --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง‘์— ์ €์žฅํ•ด๋†“๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:21
a child dips his or her hand into it, something falls into it.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์†์„ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:26
So no water is stored. It's always on tap.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‹€๋ฉด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:33
This is how an elevated water reservoir is constructed.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And that is the end product.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Because it has to go high, and there is some space available,
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๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด ๋†’์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
two or three rooms are made under the water tower,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ํƒ‘ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋‘์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
which are used by the village for different committee meetings.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We have had clear evidence of the great impact of this program.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Before we started, there were, as usual,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋“ฏ์ด
09:02
more than 80 percent of people suffering from waterborne diseases.
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80% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
But after this, we have empirical evidence that 82 percent, on average,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํ›„, ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ 1200๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์—์„œ,
09:14
among all these villages -- 1,200 villages have completed it --
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09:18
waterborne diseases have come down 82 percent.
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๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์›๋ž˜์˜ 82% ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:30
Women usually used to spend, especially in the summer months,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 6~7์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
09:35
about six to seven hours a day carrying water.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์–ด์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And when they went to carry water,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ,
09:46
because, as I said earlier, it's only women who carry water,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ์˜ค์ง ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
09:52
they used to take their little children, girl children, also to carry water,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋”ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:58
or else to be back at home to look after the siblings.
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๋™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So there were less than nine percent of girl children attending school,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋Š” 9%๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
even if there was a school.
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
And boys, about 30 percent.
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๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋žต 30% ์ •๋„์˜€๊ณ ์š”.
10:13
But girls, it has gone to about 90 percent and boys, almost to 100 percent.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์•ฝ 90%์˜ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:24
The most vulnerable section in a village
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๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด๋“ค์€
10:28
are the landless laborers who are the daily wage-earners.
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์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋•…์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์šฉ์ง ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Because they have gone through this training
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„๊ณต, ๋ฐฐ๊ด€๊ณต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ž๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ,
10:34
to be masons and plumbers and bar benders,
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10:38
now their ability to earn has increased 300 to 400 percent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ 300~400% ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So this is a democracy in action
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
because there is a general body, a governing board, the committee.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ „์ฒด ํšŒ์˜, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:53
People are questioning, people are governing themselves,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
people are learning to manage their own affairs,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
they are taking their own futures into their hands.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์†์— ๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And that is democracy at the grassroots level in action.
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ํ’€๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
More than 1,200 villages have so far done this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 1200๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
It benefits over 400,000 people and it's still going on.
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40๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:22
And I hope it continues to move ahead.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
For India and such developing countries,
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์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
11:34
armies and armaments,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋“ค,
11:39
software companies and spaceships
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด...
11:48
may not be as important as taps and toilets.
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€์™€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Thank you. Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:01
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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