Peter Eigen: How to expose the corrupt

69,538 views ・ 2010-04-01

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Katarina Mitrović Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:15
I am going to speak about corruption,
0
15260
2000
Govoriću o korupciji,
00:17
but I would like to juxtapose
1
17260
3000
ali bih voleo da, u isto vreme,
00:20
two different things.
2
20260
2000
govorim od dve različite stvari.
00:22
One is the large global economy,
3
22260
5000
Jedna je globalna ekonomija,
00:27
the large globalized economy,
4
27260
3000
ogromna globalizovana ekonomija,
00:30
and the other one is the small, and very limited,
5
30260
3000
a druga je mali, veoma ograničeni
00:33
capacity of our traditional governments
6
33260
4000
kapacitet naših tradicionalnih vlada
00:37
and their international institutions
7
37260
2000
i internacionalnih institucija
00:39
to govern, to shape, this economy.
8
39260
4000
da vode, oblikuju, pomenutu ekonomiju.
00:43
Because there is this asymmetry,
9
43260
5000
Zbog postojanja ove asimetrije,
00:48
which creates, basically,
10
48260
3000
dolazi do, u suštini,
00:51
failing governance.
11
51260
2000
neuspeha vlade.
00:53
Failing governance in many areas:
12
53260
2000
Neuspeh vlade ogleda se u mnogim oblastima:
00:55
in the area of corruption and the area of destruction of the environment,
13
55260
4000
u oblasti korupcije, uništavanja životne sredine
00:59
in the area of exploitation of women and children,
14
59260
3000
u oblasti eksploatacije žena i dece,
01:02
in the area of climate change,
15
62260
4000
u oblasti klimatskih promena,
01:06
in all the areas in which we really need
16
66260
3000
u svim onim oblastima u kojima nam zaista treba
01:09
a capacity to reintroduce
17
69260
5000
kapacitet za ponovnim uvođenjem
01:14
the primacy of politics
18
74260
3000
primarnosti politike
01:17
into the economy,
19
77260
2000
u ekonomiju
01:19
which is operating in a worldwide arena.
20
79260
4000
koja pokreće svet.
01:24
And I think corruption,
21
84260
2000
Mislim da je korupcija
01:26
and the fight against corruption,
22
86260
2000
i borba protiv korupcije,
01:28
and the impact of corruption,
23
88260
2000
kao i uticaj korupcije,
01:30
is probably one of the most interesting ways
24
90260
2000
jedan od najinteresantnijih načina
01:32
to illustrate what I mean
25
92260
2000
da ilustrujem ono na šta mislim
01:34
with this failure of governance.
26
94260
3000
kada kažem neuspeh vlade.
01:37
Let me talk about my own experience.
27
97260
4000
Dozvolite mi da govorim o sopstvenom iskustvu.
01:41
I used to work as the director
28
101260
3000
Radio sam kao direktor
01:44
of the World Bank office in Nairobi
29
104260
3000
kancelarije Svetske banke u Najrobiju
01:47
for East Africa.
30
107260
2000
za istočnu Afriku.
01:49
At that time, I noticed
31
109260
2000
U to vreme, sam primetio
01:51
that corruption, that grand corruption,
32
111260
3000
da korupcija, ona velika korupcija,
01:54
that systematic corruption,
33
114260
2000
sistematska korupcija
01:56
was undermining everything we were trying to do.
34
116260
4000
potkopava sve naše napore.
02:00
And therefore, I began
35
120260
2000
I stoga sam započeo
02:02
to not only try to protect
36
122260
3000
ne samo zaštitu
02:05
the work of the World Bank,
37
125260
2000
rada Svetske banke
02:07
our own projects, our own programs
38
127260
2000
naših projekata i sopstvenih programa
02:09
against corruption,
39
129260
2000
protiv korupcije,
02:11
but in general, I thought, "We need a system
40
131260
3000
nego sam pomislio: "Treba nam sistem
02:14
to protect the people
41
134260
2000
koji bi zaštitio ljude
02:16
in this part of the world
42
136260
2000
u ovom delu sveta
02:18
from the ravages of corruption."
43
138260
3000
od pustošenja korupcije".
02:21
And as soon as I started this work,
44
141260
3000
Čim sam započeo ovaj posao
02:24
I received a memorandum from the World Bank,
45
144260
3000
stigao mi je memorandum Svetske banke,
02:27
from the legal department first,
46
147260
2000
prvo iz kadrovske službe,
02:29
in which they said, "You are not allowed to do this.
47
149260
2000
u kom su mi rekli: "Nemaš dozvolu da to radiš.
02:31
You are meddling in the internal affairs of our partner countries.
48
151260
4000
Mešaš se u unutrašnje poslove zemalja partnera.
02:35
This is forbidden by the charter of the World Bank,
49
155260
3000
To zabranjuje povelja Svetske banke,
02:38
so I want you to stop your doings."
50
158260
3000
tako da prestani sa tim radnjama".
02:41
In the meantime, I was chairing
51
161260
2000
U međuvremenu, predsedavao sam
02:43
donor meetings, for instance,
52
163260
2000
donatorskim skupovima, na primer,
02:45
in which the various donors,
53
165260
2000
na kojima su različiti donatori,
02:47
and many of them like to be in Nairobi --
54
167260
3000
a mnogi od njih su voleli da budu u Najrobiju -
02:50
it is true, it is one of the
55
170260
2000
istina je, to je jedan
02:52
unsafest cities of the world,
56
172260
2000
od najnebezbednijih gradova na svetu,
02:54
but they like to be there because the other cities
57
174260
2000
ali su voleli da budu tu, jer su drugi gradovi
02:56
are even less comfortable.
58
176260
3000
bili još neugodniji.
02:59
And in these donor meetings, I noticed
59
179260
2000
I na ovim donatorskim sastancima, primetio sam
03:01
that many of the worst projects --
60
181260
2000
da mnogo loših projekata -
03:03
which were put forward
61
183260
2000
koji su gurani u prvi plan
03:05
by our clients, by the governments,
62
185260
2000
od strane naših klijenata, vlada,
03:07
by promoters,
63
187260
2000
promotera,
03:09
many of them representing
64
189260
2000
od kojih su mnogi bili
03:11
suppliers from the North --
65
191260
2000
dobavljači sa severa -
03:13
that the worst projects
66
193260
2000
dakle najgori projekti
03:15
were realized first.
67
195260
2000
bili su prvi realizovani.
03:17
Let me give you an example:
68
197260
2000
Dozvolite da vam dam primer
03:19
a huge power project,
69
199260
2000
ogroman projekat elektrane,
03:21
300 million dollars,
70
201260
3000
300 miliona dolara,
03:24
to be built smack into
71
204260
2000
ugraditi pravo u
03:26
one of the most vulnerable, and one of the most beautiful,
72
206260
3000
jednu od najranjivijih i jednu od najlepših,
03:29
areas of western Kenya.
73
209260
3000
oblasti zapadne Kenije.
03:32
And we all noticed immediately
74
212260
2000
I svi smo odmah zapazili
03:34
that this project had no economic benefits:
75
214260
3000
da ovaj projekat nema nikakvu ekonomsku dobit:
03:37
It had no clients, nobody would buy the electricity there,
76
217260
4000
nije bilo klijenata, niko ne bi kupovao struju tu,
03:41
nobody was interested in irrigation projects.
77
221260
2000
nikoga nisu zanimali irigacioni projekti.
03:43
To the contrary, we knew that this project
78
223260
3000
Naprotiv, znali smo da će ovaj projekat
03:46
would destroy the environment:
79
226260
2000
uništiti životnu sredinu:
03:48
It would destroy riparian forests,
80
228260
2000
uništiće obalske šume,
03:50
which were the basis for
81
230260
2000
koje su osnov za
03:52
the survival of nomadic groups,
82
232260
2000
preživljavanje nomadskih grupa,
03:54
the Samburu and the Turkana in this area.
83
234260
4000
u ovoj oblasti, grupa Samburu i Turkana.
03:58
So everybody knew this is a, not a useless project,
84
238260
3000
Svi smo znali da je ovo, ne beskoristan projekat,
04:01
this is an absolute damaging, a terrible project --
85
241260
3000
već totalno uništavajući i užasan projekat -
04:04
not to speak about the future indebtedness of the country
86
244260
4000
da ne govorim o budućoj prezaduženosti zemlje
04:08
for these hundreds of millions of dollars,
87
248260
2000
za ove stotine miliona dolara,
04:10
and the siphoning off
88
250260
3000
i krađi
04:13
of the scarce resources of the economy
89
253260
2000
oskudnih izvora ekonomije
04:15
from much more important activities
90
255260
3000
namenjene mnogo bitnijim aktivnostima
04:18
like schools, like hospitals and so on.
91
258260
2000
kao što su škole, bolnice i slično.
04:20
And yet, we all rejected this project,
92
260260
3000
Dakle, svi smo odbili projekat,
04:23
none of the donors was willing
93
263260
2000
ni jedan od donatora nije bio voljan
04:25
to have their name connected with it,
94
265260
3000
da mu se ime poveže sa tim projektom,
04:28
and it was the first project to be implemented.
95
268260
2000
a to je, ujedno, bio i prvi projekat koji je implementiran.
04:30
The good projects, which we as a donor community
96
270260
3000
Dobri projekti, koje bismo mi kao zajednica donatora,
04:33
would take under our wings,
97
273260
2000
uzeli pod naše okrilje,
04:35
they took years, you know,
98
275260
2000
tim projektima su bile potrebne godine, znate,
04:37
you had too many studies,
99
277260
2000
bilo je previše izveštaja,
04:39
and very often they didn't succeed.
100
279260
2000
i vrlo često nisu uspevali.
04:41
But these bad projects,
101
281260
2000
Ali ovi loši projekti,
04:43
which were absolutely damaging -- for the economy
102
283260
2000
koji su bili apsolutno upropašćavajući - za ekonomiju
04:45
for many generations, for the environment,
103
285260
3000
za mnoge generacije, za životnu sredinu,
04:48
for thousands of families who had to be resettled --
104
288260
3000
za hiljade porodica koje je trebalo raseliti --
04:51
they were suddenly put together
105
291260
2000
odjednom su složeni
04:53
by consortia of banks,
106
293260
3000
od strane konzorcijuma banaka,
04:56
of supplier agencies,
107
296260
2000
agencija dobavljača,
04:58
of insurance agencies --
108
298260
2000
osiguravajućih društava -
05:00
like in Germany, Hermes, and so on --
109
300260
3000
kao u Nemačkoj, Hermes i slični -
05:03
and they came back very, very quickly,
110
303260
2000
i ponovo su se pojavljivali, vrlo, vrlo brzo,
05:05
driven by an unholy alliance
111
305260
2000
na čelu sa mračnim savezom
05:07
between the powerful elites
112
307260
4000
između jakih elita,
05:11
in the countries there
113
311260
2000
u tim zemljama,
05:13
and the suppliers from the North.
114
313260
2000
i dobavljača sa severa.
05:15
Now, these suppliers
115
315260
2000
Dakle, ti dobavljači
05:17
were our big companies.
116
317260
2000
bili su naše velike kompanije.
05:19
They were the actors of this global market,
117
319260
3000
To su bili igrači globalnog tržišta,
05:22
which I mentioned in the beginning.
118
322260
2000
koje sam pomenuo na početku.
05:24
They were the Siemenses of this world,
119
324260
3000
To su bili Simensi ovog sveta
05:27
coming from France, from the UK, from Japan,
120
327260
2000
koji su dolazili iz Francuske, Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, Japana,
05:29
from Canada, from Germany,
121
329260
2000
iz Kanade, iz Nemačke,
05:31
and they were systematically driven
122
331260
3000
i sistematski su vođeni,
05:34
by systematic, large-scale corruption.
123
334260
3000
sveobuhvatajućom korupcijom na svim nivoima.
05:37
We are not talking about
124
337260
2000
Ne govorimo
05:39
50,000 dollars here,
125
339260
2000
o 50 000 dolara ovde,
05:41
or 100,000 dollars there, or one million dollars there.
126
341260
3000
ili 100 000 dolara onde ili milion dolara tamo.
05:44
No, we are talking about 10 million, 20 million dollars
127
344260
3000
Ne, govorimo o 10, 20 miliona dolara
05:47
on the Swiss bank accounts,
128
347260
2000
na bankovnim računima švajcarskih banaka,
05:49
on the bank accounts of Liechtenstein,
129
349260
2000
na bankovnim računima u Lihtenštajnu,
05:51
of the president's ministers,
130
351260
4000
na računima predsednikovih ministara,
05:55
the high officials in the para-statal sectors.
131
355260
3000
visokih zvaničnika u para-vladinim sektorima.
05:58
This was the reality which I saw,
132
358260
2000
Ovo je bila realnost koju sam video,
06:00
and not only one project like that:
133
360260
2000
i ne samo jedan takav projekat:
06:02
I saw, I would say,
134
362260
2000
video sam, rekao bih,
06:04
over the years I worked in Africa,
135
364260
2000
za sve one godine koliko sam radio u Africi,
06:06
I saw hundreds of projects like this.
136
366260
2000
video sam na stotine takvih projekata.
06:08
And so, I became convinced
137
368260
3000
I tako, postao sam ubeđen
06:11
that it is this systematic corruption
138
371260
3000
da je ovakva sistemska korupcija
06:14
which is perverting economic policy-making in these countries,
139
374260
3000
koja onemogućava stvaranje ekonomske politike u ovim zemljama,
06:17
which is the main reason
140
377260
3000
glavni razlog
06:20
for the misery, for the poverty,
141
380260
3000
bede, siromaštva,
06:23
for the conflicts, for the violence,
142
383260
2000
konflikata, nasilja,
06:25
for the desperation
143
385260
2000
očaja
06:27
in many of these countries.
144
387260
2000
u mnogima od ovih zemalja.
06:29
That we have today
145
389260
2000
Danas imamo
06:31
more than a billion people below the absolute poverty line,
146
391260
3000
više od milijardu ljudi ispod granice apsolutnog siromaštva,
06:34
that we have more than a billion people
147
394260
3000
više od milijardu ljudi
06:37
without proper drinking water in the world,
148
397260
2000
bez ispravne pijaće vode na svetu,
06:39
twice that number,
149
399260
2000
duplo veći broj,
06:41
more than two billion people
150
401260
2000
više od dve milijarde ljudi
06:43
without sanitation and so on,
151
403260
2000
bez sanitetskog čvora i sličnog,
06:45
and the consequent illnesses
152
405260
2000
i bolestima koje su posledice svega
06:47
of mothers and children,
153
407260
3000
bolesti majki i dece
06:50
still, child mortality of more than
154
410260
3000
smrtnost dece je veća od
06:53
10 million people every year,
155
413260
2000
10 miliona ljudi svake godine
06:55
children dying before they are five years old:
156
415260
2000
deca koja umiru pre navršene pete godine:
06:57
The cause of this is, to a large extent,
157
417260
3000
uzrok ovome, u ogromnoj meri,
07:00
grand corruption.
158
420260
2000
jeste sistemska korupcija.
07:02
Now, why did the World Bank
159
422260
3000
Dakle, zašto mi Svetska banka
07:05
not let me do this work?
160
425260
3000
nije dozvolila da radim ovaj posao?
07:08
I found out afterwards,
161
428260
3000
Saznao sam kasnije
07:11
after I left, under a big fight, the World Bank.
162
431260
3000
kada sam napustio Svetsku banku, usled velikog sukoba.
07:14
The reason was that the members of the World Bank
163
434260
3000
Razlog je što su članice Svetske banke
07:17
thought that foreign bribery was okay,
164
437260
3000
smatrale da je inostrani mito OK,
07:20
including Germany.
165
440260
2000
uključujući i Nemačku.
07:22
In Germany, foreign bribery was allowed.
166
442260
2000
U Nemačkoj, inostrano mito je dozvoljeno.
07:24
It was even tax-deductible.
167
444260
3000
Čak se odbijalo i od poreza.
07:27
No wonder that most of the most important
168
447260
2000
Nije ni čudo da je većina od najvažnijih
07:29
international operators in Germany,
169
449260
3000
međunarodnih poduhvata u Nemačkoj,
07:32
but also in France and the UK
170
452260
2000
ali i u Francuskoj i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu
07:34
and Scandinavia, everywhere, systematically bribed.
171
454260
2000
i Skandinaviji, svuda, bilo sistematski korumpirano.
07:36
Not all of them, but most of them.
172
456260
3000
Ne sve, ali većina.
07:39
And this is the phenomenon
173
459260
2000
I ovo je fenomen
07:41
which I call failing governance,
174
461260
3000
koji ja nazivam neuspehom vlade,
07:44
because when I then came to Germany
175
464260
2000
jer kada sam, onda, otišao u Nemačku
07:46
and started this little NGO
176
466260
2000
i započeo malu NVO
07:48
here in Berlin, at the Villa Borsig,
177
468260
4000
ovde u Berlinu, u vili Borsing,
07:52
we were told, "You cannot stop
178
472260
3000
rečeno mi je: "Ne možeš zaustaviti
07:55
our German exporters from bribing,
179
475260
2000
naše nemačke izvoznike u davanju mita,
07:57
because we will lose our contracts.
180
477260
3000
jer ćemo izgubiti naše ugovore.
08:00
We will lose to the French,
181
480260
2000
Dobiće ih Francuzi,
08:02
we will lose to the Swedes, we'll lose to the Japanese."
182
482260
3000
dobiće ih Šveđani, Japanci".
08:05
And therefore, there was a indeed a prisoner's dilemma,
183
485260
3000
I stoga, zaista je postojala zatvorenička dilema,
08:08
which made it very difficult
184
488260
2000
što je veoma otežalo
08:10
for an individual company,
185
490260
2000
pojedinačnim kompanijama
08:12
an individual exporting country
186
492260
3000
i pojedinačnim zemljama izvoznicama
08:15
to say, "We are not going to
187
495260
2000
da kažu: "Mi nećemo
08:17
continue this deadly, disastrous
188
497260
3000
nastaviti ovu smrtonosnu, katastrofalnu
08:20
habit of large companies to bribe."
189
500260
4000
naviku velikih kompanija, da podmićuju".
08:24
So this is what I mean
190
504260
2000
Dakle, evo kako ja to vidim
08:26
with a failing governance structure,
191
506260
3000
sa strukturom vlade koja je podbacila,
08:29
because even the powerful government,
192
509260
2000
jer i najsnažnija vlada
08:31
which we have in Germany, comparatively,
193
511260
3000
koju imamo u Nemačkoj, relativno,
08:34
was not able to say,
194
514260
2000
nije u mogućnosti da kaže:
08:36
"We will not allow our companies to bribe abroad."
195
516260
3000
"Nećemo dozvoliti našim kompanijama da daju mito u inostranstvu".
08:39
They needed help,
196
519260
2000
Bila im je potrebna pomoć,
08:41
and the large companies themselves
197
521260
2000
i same velike kompanije
08:43
have this dilemma.
198
523260
2000
imaju ovu dilemu.
08:45
Many of them didn't want to bribe.
199
525260
2000
Mnoge od njih nisu želele da nude mito.
08:47
Many of the German companies, for instance,
200
527260
2000
Mnoge od nemačkih kompanija, na primer,
08:49
believe that they are really
201
529260
2000
veruju da zaista
08:51
producing a high-quality product
202
531260
2000
proizvode visokokvalitetni proizvod
08:53
at a good price, so they are very competitive.
203
533260
3000
po dobroj ceni, tako da su vrlo kompetitivne.
08:56
They are not as good at bribing
204
536260
3000
One nisu toliko dobre u podmićivanju
08:59
as many of their international competitors are,
205
539260
2000
kao što su suparničke međunarodne kompanije
09:01
but they were not allowed
206
541260
2000
ali nije im dozvoljeno
09:03
to show their strengths,
207
543260
2000
da pokažu svoje snage
09:05
because the world was eaten up
208
545260
3000
zato što je svet izjeden
09:08
by grand corruption.
209
548260
2000
sistemskom korupcijom.
09:10
And this is why I'm telling you this:
210
550260
4000
I zato vam sve ovo pričam:
09:14
Civil society rose to the occasion.
211
554260
4000
Građansko društvo je podiglo svoj glas.
09:18
We had this small NGO,
212
558260
2000
Imali smo ovu malu NVO
09:20
Transparency International.
213
560260
2000
Transparency International.
09:22
They began to think of
214
562260
2000
A oni su počeli da razmišljaju
09:24
an escape route from this prisoner's dilemma,
215
564260
3000
o razrešavanju zatvoreničke dileme,
09:27
and we developed concepts
216
567260
4000
i mi smo razvili koncepte
09:31
of collective action,
217
571260
2000
grupne akcije,
09:33
basically trying to bring various competitors
218
573260
2000
u suštini privlačeći različite nadmetače
09:35
together around the table,
219
575260
2000
na jedno mesto,
09:37
explaining to all of them
220
577260
2000
i objašnjavajući im
09:39
how much it would be in their interests
221
579260
2000
koliko je zaista u njihovom interesu
09:41
if they simultaneously would stop bribing,
222
581260
2000
da u isto vreme prestanu sa podmićivanjem,
09:43
and to make a long story short,
223
583260
3000
i da skratim priču,
09:46
we managed to eventually
224
586260
2000
uspesli smo da napokon
09:48
get Germany to sign
225
588260
2000
pridobijemo Nemačku da potpiše,
09:50
together with the other OECD countries
226
590260
2000
zajedno sa ostalim OECD zemljama
09:52
and a few other exporters.
227
592260
2000
i par drugih izvoznika,
09:54
In 1997, a convention,
228
594260
3000
1997. godine, konvenciju pod nadzorom
09:57
under the auspices of the OECD,
229
597260
2000
Organizacije za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj,
09:59
which obliged everybody
230
599260
2000
koja obavezuje sve
10:01
to change their laws
231
601260
2000
da promene svoje zakone
10:03
and criminalize foreign bribery.
232
603260
2000
i kriminaliziju inostrano podmićivanje.
10:05
(Applause)
233
605260
4000
(Aplauz)
10:09
Well, thank you. I mean, it's interesting,
234
609260
2000
Hvala vam, vidite interesantno je,
10:11
in doing this,
235
611260
2000
da smo radili ovo
10:13
we had to sit together with the companies.
236
613260
3000
zajedno sa kompanijama.
10:16
We had here in Berlin, at the Aspen Institute on the Wannsee,
237
616260
3000
Imali smo ovde u Berlinu, na Institutu Aspen u Vanzeju,
10:19
we had sessions with about
238
619260
2000
sastanke sa oko
10:21
20 captains of industry,
239
621260
2000
20 glavešina u industriji,
10:23
and we discussed with them
240
623260
2000
i sa njima smo diskutovali
10:25
what to do about international bribery.
241
625260
2000
šta raditi po pitanju međunarodnog podmićivanja.
10:27
In the first session -- we had three sessions
242
627260
2000
Na prvom sastanku - a imali smo ih tri
10:29
over the course of two years.
243
629260
2000
u periodu od dve godine.
10:31
And President von Weizsäcker, by the way,
244
631260
3000
Predsednik fon Vajczeker je, uzgred,
10:34
chaired one of the sessions, the first one,
245
634260
2000
predsedavao prvim sastankom,
10:36
to take the fear away
246
636260
2000
da bi otklonio strah
10:38
from the entrepreneurs,
247
638260
3000
preduzetnicima,
10:41
who were not used to deal
248
641260
2000
koji nisu navikli da se hvataju u koštac
10:43
with non-governmental organizations.
249
643260
2000
sa nevladinim organizacijama.
10:45
And in the first session, they all said,
250
645260
3000
I na prvom sastanku su svi oni rekli,
10:48
"This is not bribery, what we are doing." This is customary there.
251
648260
3000
"Ovo nije mito, ovo što mi radimo". To je tamošnji običaj.
10:51
This is what these other cultures demand.
252
651260
3000
To je ono što kulture zemalja domaćina zahtevaju.
10:54
They even applaud it.
253
654260
2000
Oni to čak i podstiču.
10:56
In fact, [unclear]
254
656260
2000
Zapravo
10:58
still says this today.
255
658260
2000
i danas se to govori.
11:00
And so there are still a lot of people
256
660260
2000
Dakle, i dalje je mnogo ljudi
11:02
who are not convinced that you have to stop bribing.
257
662260
3000
koji nisu ubeđeni da je neophodno zaustaviti podmićivanje.
11:05
But in the second session,
258
665260
2000
Ali na drugom sastanku,
11:07
they admitted already that they would never do this,
259
667260
2000
priznali su da se time više neće baviti,
11:09
what they are doing in these other countries,
260
669260
3000
tim nezakonitim poslovima u drugim zemljama,
11:12
here in Germany, or in the U.K., and so on.
261
672260
2000
niti u Nemačkoj, Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, ni drugde.
11:14
Cabinet ministers would admit this.
262
674260
3000
Kabinetski ministri su ovo izjavili.
11:17
And in the final session, at the Aspen Institute,
263
677260
3000
A na poslednjem sastanku u Institutu Aspen,
11:20
we had them all sign an open letter
264
680260
3000
svi su potpisali otvoreno pismo
11:23
to the Kohl government, at the time,
265
683260
2000
vladi premijera Kola, premijera u tom periodu,
11:25
requesting that they
266
685260
2000
zahtevajući da
11:27
participate in the OECD convention.
267
687260
2000
učestvuju u OECD konvenciji.
11:29
And this is, in my opinion,
268
689260
3000
I ovo je, po mom mišljenju,
11:32
an example of soft power,
269
692260
2000
primer "meke" snage,
11:34
because we were able to convince them
270
694260
2000
jer smo uspeli da ih ubedimo
11:36
that they had to go with us.
271
696260
2000
da moraju da se slože sa nama,
11:38
We had a longer-term time perspective.
272
698260
3000
U vidu smo imali dugoročnu perspektivu.
11:41
We had a broader,
273
701260
2000
Imali smo širi,
11:43
geographically much wider,
274
703260
2000
geografski mnogo širi,
11:45
constituency we were trying to defend.
275
705260
2000
ustavni poredak koji smo pokuašavli da odbranimo.
11:47
And that's why the law has changed.
276
707260
2000
I zato je zakon promenjen.
11:49
That's why Siemens is now in the trouble they are in
277
709260
3000
Zbog toga je Simens danas u problemu u kom jeste
11:52
and that's why MIN is in the trouble they are in.
278
712260
3000
i zbog toga je i MIN u problemu.
11:55
In some other countries, the OECD convention
279
715260
3000
U nekom drugim zemljama, OECD konvencija
11:58
is not yet properly enforced.
280
718260
2000
još uvek nije u potpunosti primenjena.
12:00
And, again, civil societies
281
720260
2000
I opet, građansko društvo
12:02
breathing down the neck of the establishment.
282
722260
3000
stoji za vratom vladama.
12:05
In London, for instance,
283
725260
2000
U Londonu, na primer,
12:07
where the BAE got away
284
727260
2000
BAE je uspela da se izvuče
12:09
with a huge corruption case,
285
729260
2000
iz ogromnog korupcijskog slučaja,
12:11
which the Serious Fraud Office tried to prosecute,
286
731260
4000
koji je gonila Kancelarija protiv ozbiljnih prevara,
12:15
100 million British pounds,
287
735260
2000
100 miliona funti,
12:17
every year for ten years,
288
737260
2000
svake godine, proteklih deset godina,
12:19
to one particular official of one particular friendly country,
289
739260
3000
davano je jednom određenom funkcioneru jedne određene prijateljske zemlje
12:22
who then bought for
290
742260
2000
koji je od tog novca kupio
12:24
44 billion pounds of military equipment.
291
744260
4000
44 milijarde funti vrednu vojnu opremu.
12:28
This case, they are not prosecuting in the UK.
292
748260
2000
Ovaj slučaj se ne tereti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
12:30
Why? Because they consider this
293
750260
2000
Zašto? Zato što ovo smatraju
12:32
as contrary to the security interest
294
752260
3000
suprotno bezbednosnim interesima
12:35
of the people of Great Britain.
295
755260
2000
naroda Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva.
12:37
Civil society is pushing, civil society
296
757260
2000
Građansko društvo je uporno, građansko društvo
12:39
is trying to get a solution to this problem,
297
759260
3000
pokušava da nađe rešenje ovog problema,
12:42
also in the U.K.,
298
762260
2000
kako u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,
12:44
and also in Japan, which is not properly enforcing,
299
764260
2000
tako i u Japanu, a to nije dovoljno dobro podržano,
12:46
and so on.
300
766260
2000
i tako dalje.
12:48
In Germany, we are pushing
301
768260
2000
U Nemačkoj, trudimo se
12:50
the ratification of the UN convention,
302
770260
2000
da ratifikujemo konvenciju UN,
12:52
which is a subsequent convention.
303
772260
2000
a to je konvencija koja je usledila.
12:54
We are, Germany, is not ratifying.
304
774260
2000
Mi, u Nemačkoj, je nismo ratifikovali.
12:56
Why? Because it would make it necessary
305
776260
3000
Zašto? Zato što bi nas to obavezalo
12:59
to criminalize the corruption
306
779260
3000
da kriminalizujemo korupciju
13:02
of deputies.
307
782260
2000
poslanika.
13:04
In Germany, we have a system where
308
784260
2000
U Nemačkoj, imamo sistem koji
13:06
you are not allowed to bribe a civil servant,
309
786260
3000
ne dozvoljava da podmitiš državnog službenika,
13:09
but you are allowed to bribe a deputy.
310
789260
3000
ali smeš da podmitiš poslanika.
13:12
This is, under German law, allowed,
311
792260
3000
Ovo je dozvoljeno u nemačkom zakonodavstvu,
13:15
and the members of our parliament don't want to change this,
312
795260
2000
i članovi našeg Parlamenta ne žele da to menjaju,
13:17
and this is why they can't sign
313
797260
2000
i to je razlog zašto ne potpisuju
13:19
the U.N. convention against foreign bribery --
314
799260
3000
konvenciju UN protiv inostranog podmićivanja -
13:22
one of they very, very few countries
315
802260
2000
jedna smo od vrlo retkih zemalja
13:24
which is preaching honesty and good governance everywhere in the world,
316
804260
3000
koje zagovaraju poštene i dobre vlade širom sveta,
13:27
but not able to ratify the convention,
317
807260
2000
ali ne ratifikuju konvenciju,
13:29
which we managed to get on the books
318
809260
3000
koju smo uspeli da uvedemo u zakonodavstvo
13:32
with about 160 countries all over the world.
319
812260
3000
preko 160 zemalja širom sveta.
13:35
I see my time is ticking.
320
815260
2000
Vidim da mi vreme ističe.
13:37
Let me just try to
321
817260
2000
Dozvolite da samo pokušam
13:39
draw some conclusions from what has happened.
322
819260
3000
da izvedem neke zaključke iz ovoga što se zbilo.
13:42
I believe that what we managed to achieve
323
822260
4000
Verujem da smo uspeli da postignemo
13:46
in fighting corruption,
324
826260
3000
u borbi protiv korupcije,
13:49
one can also achieve
325
829260
2000
ono što se može postići
13:51
in other areas of failing governance.
326
831260
2000
u drugim oblastima neuspelih vlada.
13:53
By now, the United Nations
327
833260
2000
Do sada, Ujedinjene nacije
13:55
is totally on our side.
328
835260
2000
u potpunosti su na našoj strani.
13:57
The World Bank has turned from Saulus to Paulus; under Wolfensohn,
329
837260
4000
Svetska banka se pretvorila iz Savla u Pavla, pod Volfensonom,
14:01
they became, I would say, the strongest
330
841260
3000
postali su, rekao bih, najjača
14:04
anti-corruption agency in the world.
331
844260
2000
anti-korupcijska agencija na svetu.
14:06
Most of the large companies
332
846260
2000
Većina velikih kompanija
14:08
are now totally convinced
333
848260
2000
sada su potpuno ubeđene
14:10
that they have to put in place
334
850260
2000
da moraju primeniti
14:12
very strong policies
335
852260
2000
veoma jaka pravila
14:14
against bribery and so on.
336
854260
2000
protiv podmićivanja i sličnog.
14:16
And this is possible because civil society
337
856260
3000
A ovo je moguće, jer građansko društvo
14:19
joined the companies
338
859260
2000
zajedno sa kompanijama
14:21
and joined the government
339
861260
2000
i zajedno sa vladama
14:23
in the analysis of the problem,
340
863260
2000
analizira problem
14:25
in the development of remedies,
341
865260
2000
i pronalazi rešenja,
14:27
in the implementation of reforms,
342
867260
3000
implementira reforme
14:30
and then later, in the monitoring of reforms.
343
870260
3000
i kasnije, prati delovanje reformi.
14:33
Of course, if civil society organizations
344
873260
3000
Naravno, ukoliko organizacije građanskog društva
14:36
want to play that role,
345
876260
2000
žele da imaju ovu ulogu,
14:38
they have to grow into this responsibility.
346
878260
4000
moraju dorasti ovakvoj odgovornosti.
14:42
Not all civil society organizations are good.
347
882260
3000
Nisu sve organizacije civilnog društva dobre.
14:45
The Ku Klux Klan is an NGO.
348
885260
3000
Kju kluks klan je nevladina organizacija.
14:48
So, we must be aware
349
888260
2000
Dakle, moramo biti obazrivi
14:50
that civil society
350
890260
2000
da građansko društvo
14:52
has to shape up itself.
351
892260
2000
mora samo sebe oblikovati.
14:54
They have to have a much more
352
894260
2000
Moraju imati mnogo
14:56
transparent financial governance.
353
896260
2000
transparentnije finansijsko poslovanje.
14:58
They have to have a much more participatory governance
354
898260
3000
Moraju imati participatorno upravljanje
15:01
in many civil society organizations.
355
901260
3000
u mnogim organizacijama civilnog društva.
15:04
We also need much more competence of civil society leaders.
356
904260
3000
Lideri građanskih inicijativa moraju imati dosta kompetencija.
15:07
This is why we have set up the governance school
357
907260
3000
Zato smo napravili školu upravljanja
15:10
and the Center for Civil Society here in Berlin,
358
910260
2000
i Centar za građansko društvo, ovde u Berlinu,
15:12
because we believe most of our educational
359
912260
3000
zato što verujemo da većina naših obrazovnih
15:15
and research institutions in Germany
360
915260
2000
i istraživačkih institucija u Nemačkoj
15:17
and continental Europe in general,
361
917260
2000
i kontinentalnoj oblasti Evrope,
15:19
do not focus enough, yet,
362
919260
2000
još uvek ne obraćaju dovoljno pažnje
15:21
on empowering civil society
363
921260
2000
na osnaživanje građanskog društva
15:23
and training the leadership of civil society.
364
923260
3000
i edukovanje lidera građanskog društva.
15:26
But what I'm saying from my very practical experience:
365
926260
3000
Ali ono što vam govorim iz ličnog i veoma praktičnog, iskustva:
15:29
If civil society does it right
366
929260
3000
ukoliko građansko društvo dobro obavi svoj posao
15:32
and joins the other actors --
367
932260
3000
i uključi druge aktere -
15:35
in particular, governments,
368
935260
2000
posebno vlade,
15:37
governments and their international institutions,
369
937260
3000
vlade i njihove međunarodne institucije,
15:40
but also large international actors,
370
940260
3000
ali i velike međunarodne igrače,
15:43
in particular those which have committed themselves
371
943260
2000
posebno one koji su se već posvetili
15:45
to corporate social responsibility --
372
945260
2000
korporativnoj socijalnoj odgovornosti -
15:47
then in this magical triangle
373
947260
3000
onda u ovom magičnom trouglu
15:50
between civil society,
374
950260
2000
između građanskog društva,
15:52
government and private sector,
375
952260
2000
vlade i privatnog sektora,
15:54
there is a tremendous chance
376
954260
2000
ogromna je šansa
15:56
for all of us to create a better world.
377
956260
4000
za sve nas, da kreiramo bolji svet.
16:00
Thank you.
378
960260
2000
Hvala vam.
16:02
(Applause)
379
962260
2000
(Aplauz)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7