Meet the dazzling flying machines of the future | Raffaello D'Andrea

Prevodilac: Nikolina Ajdukovic Lektor: Mile Živković

What started as a platform for hobbyists

Ono što je počelo kao platforma za hobiste

is poised to become a multibillion-dollar industry.

postalo je industrija vredna milijarde dolara.

Inspection, environmental monitoring, photography and film and journalism:

Inspekcija, praćenje životne sredine, fotografija, film i novinarstvo

these are some of the potential applications for commercial drones,

to su neki potencijali korišćenja komercijalnih dronova.

and their enablers are the capabilities being developed

I njihovi zagovornici omogućavaju da se razvijaju

at research facilities around the world.

u centrima za istraživanje po svetu.

For example, before aerial package delivery

Na primer, pre nego što je vazdušna dostava paketa

entered our social consciousness,

ušla u našu društvenu svest,

an autonomous fleet of flying machines built a six-meter-tall tower

autonoman skup letećih mašina napravio je toranj od 6 metara

composed of 1,500 bricks

sačinjen od 1500 cigla,

in front of a live audience at the FRAC Centre in France,

pred publikom, u centru FRAC u Francuskoj,

and several years ago, they started to fly with ropes.

i pre nekoliko godina, počeli su da lete sa konopcima.

By tethering flying machines,

Pri vezivanju letećih mašina,

they can achieve high speeds and accelerations in very tight spaces.

mogu dostići veliku brzinu i ubrzanje u uskom prostoru.

They can also autonomously build tensile structures.

Takođe mogu sami da naprave zatezne strukture.

Skills learned include how to carry loads,

Naučene su veštine poput, kako da se nosi teret,

how to cope with disturbances,

kako da se nose sa smetnjama,

and in general, how to interact with the physical world.

i uopšteno, interakcija sa fizičkim svetom.

Today we want to show you some new projects that we've been working on.

Danas hoćemo da vam pokažemo nove projekte na kojima smo radili.

Their aim is to push the boundary of what can be achieved

Njihov cilj je da se pomere granice u tome šta se može postići

with autonomous flight.

sa samostalnim letom.

Now, for a system to function autonomously,

Da bi sistem samostalno funkcionisao,

it must collectively know the location of its mobile objects in space.

mora kolektivno znati lokacije svojih mobilnih objekata u prostoru.

Back at our lab at ETH Zurich,

U našoj laboratoriji ETH Cirih,

we often use external cameras to locate objects,

često koristimo eksterne kamere da lociramo objekte,

which then allows us to focus our efforts

što nam daje mogućnost da se fokusiramo

on the rapid development of highly dynamic tasks.

na brz razvoj visoko dinamičnih zadataka.

For the demos you will see today, however,

Za prezentaciju danas,

we will use new localization technology developed by Verity Studios,

koristićemo novu tehnologiju lokalizacije, razvijenu od Veriti Studia

a spin-off from our lab.

unapređenje iz naše laboratorije.

There are no external cameras.

Ne postoje eksterne kamere.

Each flying machine uses onboard sensors to determine its location in space

Svaka letelica koristi senzore kako bi imala svoju lokaciju u prostoru

and onboard computation to determine what its actions should be.

i računanje kojim određuje šta treba da radi.

Jedine eksterne komande su one na visokom nivou

The only external commands are high-level ones

such as "take off" and "land."

kao "poletanje" i "sletanje".

This is a so-called tail-sitter.

Ovo je takozvani sedeći rep.

It's an aircraft that tries to have its cake and eat it.

To je letelica koja pokušava da ima i jare i pare.

Like other fixed-wing aircraft, it is efficient in forward flight,

Kao i letelice sa fiksiranim krilima, efikasna je u letu unapred,

much more so than helicopters and variations thereof.

više nego helikopteri i ostale varijante toga.

Unlike most other fixed-wing aircraft, however,

Za razliku od ostalih letelica sa fiksiranim krilima,

it is capable of hovering,

ipak može da lebdi,

which has huge advantages for takeoff, landing

što ima velike prednosti za poletanje i sletanje

and general versatility.

i svestranost.

There is no free lunch, unfortunately.

Na žalost, ne postoji besplatna užina.

One of the limitations with tail-sitters

Jedno od ograničenja sedećih repova je

is that they're susceptible to disturbances such as wind gusts.

da su podložni smetnjama poput naleta vetra.

We're developing new control architectures and algorithms

Razvijamo nove kontrolne arhitekture i algoritme

that address this limitation.

koji će ukloniti ova ograničenja.

The idea is for the aircraft to recover

Ideja je da se letelica oporavi

no matter what state it finds itself in,

u kakvom god stanju da se nađe,

and through practice, improve its performance over time.

i vremenom, kroz praksu, popravi svoje performanse.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

OK.

Ok.

When doing research,

Kada istražujemo,

we often ask ourselves fundamental abstract questions

često sebi postavimo osnovna, sažeta pitanja,

that try to get at the heart of a matter.

koja dolaze u srž materije.

For example, one such question would be,

Na primer, jedno takvo pitanje bi bilo,

what is the minimum number of moving parts needed for controlled flight?

koji je najmanji broj pokretnih delova za kontrolisani let?

Now, there are practical reasons

Postoje praktični ralozi zašto

why you may want to know the answer to such a question.

bi neko želeo odgovor na takvo pitanje.

Helicopters, for example,

Helikopteri na primer,

are affectionately known as machines with a thousand moving parts

poznati su po tome da su mašine sa hiljadu pokretnih delova,

all conspiring to do you bodily harm.

koji su u zaveri da vama načine telesne povrede.

It turns out that decades ago,

Ispostavilo se da pre nekoliko decenija

skilled pilots were able to fly remote-controlled aircraft

stručni piloti su mogli da kontrolišu letelicu na daljinski

that had only two moving parts:

koja je imala samo dva pokretna dela,

a propeller and a tail rudder.

propeler i rep kormila.

We recently discovered that it could be done with just one.

Nedavno smo otkrili da je moguće sa samo jednim.

This is the monospinner,

Ovo je monospiner,

the world's mechanically simplest controllable flying machine,

mehanički najjednostavnija kontolisana letelica na svetu,

invented just a few months ago.

izumljena pre samo par meseci.

It has only one moving part, a propeller.

Ima samo jedan pomerajući deo, propeler.

It has no flaps, no hinges, no ailerons,

Nema klepne, nema šarke, nema krilca,

no other actuators, no other control surfaces,

nema druge pogone, ni druge kontrolne površine,

just a simple propeller.

samo jednostavni propeler.

Even though it's mechanically simple,

Iako je mehanički jednostavno,

there's a lot going on in its little electronic brain

svašta se dešava u njenom malom elektronskom mozgu

to allow it to fly in a stable fashion and to move anywhere it wants in space.

kako bi mogla da leti mirno i da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru.

Even so, it doesn't yet have

Ipak i dalje nema

the sophisticated algorithms of the tail-sitter,

sofisticirane algoritme sedećeg repa,

which means that in order to get it to fly,

što znači, da bi leteo,

I have to throw it just right.

moram da ga bacim kako treba.

And because the probability of me throwing it just right is very low,

Zato što je šansa da ga bacim kako treba mala

given everybody watching me,

i svi me gledaju,

what we're going to do instead

umesto toga ćemo

is show you a video that we shot last night.

da vam pokažemo snimak od sinoć.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

If the monospinner is an exercise in frugality,

Ako je monospiner vežba štedljivosti,

this machine here, the omnicopter, with its eight propellers,

ova mašina ovde, omnikopter, sa svojih osam propelera

is an exercise in excess.

je vežba viškova.

What can you do with all this surplus?

Šta sve možete sa ovim dodatkom?

The thing to notice is that it is highly symmetric.

Stvar koju primećujemo jeste da je jako simetrična.

As a result, it is ambivalent to orientation.

Zato što je ambivalentna orijentaciji.

This gives it an extraordinary capability.

Ovo daje izvanrednu sposobnost.

It can move anywhere it wants in space

Može da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru.

irrespective of where it is facing

Bez obzira pred čim se susreće,

and even of how it is rotating.

i kako se rotira.

It has its own complexities,

Ima svoje složenosti,

mainly having to do with the interacting flows

najviše tok interakcije

from its eight propellers.

od svojih osam propelera.

Some of this can be modeled, while the rest can be learned on the fly.

Neke mogu da se modeliraju dok se ostale uče pri letu.

Let's take a look.

Hajde da pogledamo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

If flying machines are going to enter part of our daily lives,

Ukoliko će leteće mašine da postanu naš svakodnevni život,

they will need to become extremely safe and reliable.

moraće da budu veoma sigurne i pouzdane.

This machine over here

Ova mašina ovde,

is actually two separate two-propeller flying machines.

je mašina sa dva zasebna dela sa dva propelera.

This one wants to spin clockwise.

Ova se vrti u smeru kazaljke.

This other one wants to spin counterclockwise.

Ova se vrtu suprotno od smera kazaljke na satu.

When you put them together,

Kada ih spojimo,

they behave like one high-performance quadrocopter.

postanu jedan kvadkopter visokih performansi.

If anything goes wrong, however --

Ako nešto krene po zlu,

a motor fails, a propeller fails, electronics, even a battery pack --

motor se pokvari, propeler, elektronika ili čak i baterija,

the machine can still fly, albeit in a degraded fashion.

mašina može i dalje da leti, mada na slabiji način.

We're going to demonstrate this to you now by disabling one of its halves.

Sada ćemo vam ovo demonstrirati tako što ćemo onesposobiti jednu polovnu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

This last demonstration

Poslednja demonstracija,

is an exploration of synthetic swarms.

je istraživanje sintetičkih rojeva.

The large number of autonomous, coordinated entities

Veliki broj samostalnih, koordiniranih entiteta

offers a new palette for aesthetic expression.

daju novu paletu estetskog izražaja.

We've taken commercially available micro quadcopters,

Uzeli smo komercijalno dostupne mikro kvadkoptere,

each weighing less than a slice of bread, by the way,

inače, svaki težak kao kriška hleba,

and outfitted them with our localization technology

opremljeni su sa našom tehnologijom lokalizacije

and custom algorithms.

i posebnim algoritmima.

Because each unit knows where it is in space

Svaka jedinica zna gde je u prostoru,

and is self-controlled,

i sama sebe kontroliše,

there is really no limit to their number.

pa zaista nema kraja njihovom broju.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Hopefully, these demonstrations will motivate you to dream up

Nadamo se da će vas ovo prikazivanje motivisati da više sanjarite

new revolutionary roles for flying machines.

o novim revolucionarnim ulogama letelica.

That ultrasafe one over there for example

Ona ultrasigurna tamo, na primer,

has aspirations to become a flying lampshade on Broadway.

ima težnju da postane abažur na Brodveju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The reality is that it is difficult to predict

Realnost je da je teško predvideti uticaj

the impact of nascent technology.

tehnologije koja se rađa.

And for folks like us, the real reward is the journey and the act of creation.

I za ljude poput nas, prava nagrada je put i čin stvaranja.

It's a continual reminder

To je neprekidan podsetnik

of how wonderful and magical the universe we live in is,

koliko je divan i magičan univerzum u kom živimo,

that it allows creative, clever creatures

da dozvoljava kreativnim, pametnim stvorenjima

to sculpt it in such spectacular ways.

da oblikuju u toliko spektakularnih načina.

The fact that this technology

Stvar je da, ova tehnologija

has such huge commercial and economic potential

ima ogroman komercijalni i ekonomski potencijal

is just icing on the cake.

i to je samo šlag na torti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)