Meet the dazzling flying machines of the future | Raffaello D'Andrea

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

What started as a platform for hobbyists

Ono što je započelo kao platforma za hobiste

is poised to become a multibillion-dollar industry.

pretvoriti će se u industriju koja vrijedi milijarde dolara.

Inspection, environmental monitoring, photography and film and journalism:

Inspekcija, praćenje okoliša, fotografija, film i novinarstvo:

these are some of the potential applications for commercial drones,

ovo su neki od potencijalnih primjera za korištenje komercijalnih dronova,

a oni koji ih osposobljavaju, predstavljaju mogućnost razvitka

and their enablers are the capabilities being developed

at research facilities around the world.

u centrima za istraživanje po cijelome svijetu.

For example, before aerial package delivery

Na primjer, prije nego što je zračna dostava paketa

entered our social consciousness,

ušla u našu socijalnu svijest,

an autonomous fleet of flying machines built a six-meter-tall tower

bespilotna flota letećih strojeva izgradila je šest metara visok toranj

composed of 1,500 bricks

sačinjen od 1.500 cigli

in front of a live audience at the FRAC Centre in France,

pred publikom u FRAC centru u Francuskoj,

a prije nekoliko godina počeli su letjeti pomoću užadi.

and several years ago, they started to fly with ropes.

By tethering flying machines,

Kada svežu leteće strojeve,

they can achieve high speeds and accelerations in very tight spaces.

mogu postići velike brzine i ubrzanje u uskim prostorima.

Također mogu samostalno izgraditi i zatezne strukture.

They can also autonomously build tensile structures.

Naučene vještine uključuju, kako nositi teret,

Skills learned include how to carry loads,

how to cope with disturbances,

kako se nositi sa smetnjama,

i generalno, kako komunicirati s fizičkim svijetom.

and in general, how to interact with the physical world.

Danas vam želimo predstaviti neke nove projekte na kojima smo radili.

Today we want to show you some new projects that we've been working on.

Their aim is to push the boundary of what can be achieved

Njihov cilj je pomaknuti granice onoga što se može postići

with autonomous flight.

s bespilotnim letom.

Da bi sistem funkcionirao samostalno,

Now, for a system to function autonomously,

it must collectively know the location of its mobile objects in space.

mora znati lokaciju svojih moblinih objekata u prostoru.

U našem laboratoriju ETH u Zürichu,

Back at our lab at ETH Zurich,

we often use external cameras to locate objects,

često koristimo vanjske kamere kako bi locirali objekte

which then allows us to focus our efforts

a to nam daje mogućnost da se fokusiramo

on the rapid development of highly dynamic tasks.

na brz razvoj visoko dinamičnih zadataka.

For the demos you will see today, however,

Za demo verzije koje ćete danas vidjeti,

we will use new localization technology developed by Verity Studios,

koristiti ćemo novu lokalizacijsku tehnologiju, razvijenu od studija Vertiy,

a spin-off from our lab.

nusproizvod našeg laboratorija.

There are no external cameras.

Ne postoje vanjske kamere.

Svaka letjelica koristi senzore kako bi odredila vlastitu lokaciju u prostoru

Each flying machine uses onboard sensors to determine its location in space

and onboard computation to determine what its actions should be.

i računanje kojim određuje što treba raditi.

The only external commands are high-level ones

Jedine eksterne naredbe su one visoke razine

such as "take off" and "land."

kao što su "polijetanje" i "slijetanje."

This is a so-called tail-sitter.

To je tzv. slijetanje na rep.

It's an aircraft that tries to have its cake and eat it.

To je letjelica koja pokušava imati svoju tortu i pojesti ju.

Like other fixed-wing aircraft, it is efficient in forward flight,

Kao i druge letjelice s fiksnim krilima, učinkovita je u letu naprijed,

much more so than helicopters and variations thereof.

mnogo više nego helikopteri i njihove varijacije.

Unlike most other fixed-wing aircraft, however,

Za razliku od ostalih letjelica s fiksnim krilima,

it is capable of hovering,

sposobna je za lebdjenje,

which has huge advantages for takeoff, landing

a ima i ogromne prednosti za polijetanje, slijetanje

and general versatility.

i prilagodljivost.

There is no free lunch, unfortunately.

Ne postoji besplatan ručak, na žalost.

One of the limitations with tail-sitters

Jedan od nedostataka letjelica koje slijeću na rep

is that they're susceptible to disturbances such as wind gusts.

je da su osjetljive na smetnje, kao što su udari vjetra.

We're developing new control architectures and algorithms

Razvijamo nove kontrolne arhitekture i algoritme

that address this limitation.

koji oslovljavaju te nedostatke.

The idea is for the aircraft to recover

Ideja je da se letjelica oporavi,

no matter what state it finds itself in,

bez obzira u kakvom se stanju nađe,

and through practice, improve its performance over time.

i da kroz praksu, poboljša svoju izvedbu.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

OK.

OK.

When doing research,

Kada istražujemo,

we often ask ourselves fundamental abstract questions

često si postavljamo osnovna apstraktna pitanja

that try to get at the heart of a matter.

koja pokušavaju doprijeti u srž stvari.

For example, one such question would be,

Npr, jedno takvo pitanje glasi,

what is the minimum number of moving parts needed for controlled flight?

koji je minimlani broj pokretnih dijelova potrebnih za kontrolirani let?

Now, there are practical reasons

Postoje praktični razlozi

zašto bi htjeli znati odgovor na takvo pitanje.

why you may want to know the answer to such a question.

Helicopters, for example,

Helikopteri, na primjer,

su poznati kao strojevi s tisuću pokretnih dijelova

are affectionately known as machines with a thousand moving parts

all conspiring to do you bodily harm.

koji su se urotili da bi vam nanijeli tjelesne ozljede.

It turns out that decades ago,

Ispostavilo se, da su desetljećima prije,

skilled pilots were able to fly remote-controlled aircraft

iskusni piloti mogli upravljati letjelicama na daljinsko upravljanje

that had only two moving parts:

koje su imale dva dijela koja se pokreću:

a propeller and a tail rudder.

propeler i repno kormilo.

Nedavno smo otkrlili da se to može učiniti i samo s jednim dijelom.

We recently discovered that it could be done with just one.

This is the monospinner,

Ovo je monospinner,

the world's mechanically simplest controllable flying machine,

na svijetu mehanički najjednostavniji upravljački leteći stroj,

izumljen prije samo nekoliko mjeseci.

invented just a few months ago.

It has only one moving part, a propeller.

Ima samo jedan dio koji se pokreće, propeler.

Nema klapne, šarke, krilca,

It has no flaps, no hinges, no ailerons,

no other actuators, no other control surfaces,

nema druge pogone, ni druge kontrolne površine,

just a simple propeller.

samo jednostavan propeler.

Even though it's mechanically simple,

Iako je mehanički jednostavan,

there's a lot going on in its little electronic brain

svašta se događa u njegovom malom elektronskom mozgu

to allow it to fly in a stable fashion and to move anywhere it wants in space.

kako bi mogao letjeti mirno i kretati se, bilo gdje u prostoru.

Ipak i dalje nema

Even so, it doesn't yet have

the sophisticated algorithms of the tail-sitter,

sofisticirane algoritme letjelice koja slijeće na rep,

a što znači, da bi letio,

which means that in order to get it to fly,

moram ga baciti kako treba.

I have to throw it just right.

And because the probability of me throwing it just right is very low,

A pošto je šansa da ga bacim kako treba, jako mala,

given everybody watching me,

s obzirom da me svi gledaju,

what we're going to do instead

umjesto toga,

is show you a video that we shot last night.

pokazati ćemo vam video koji smo snimili sinoć.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Ako je monospinner vježba u štedljivosti,

If the monospinner is an exercise in frugality,

this machine here, the omnicopter, with its eight propellers,

ovaj stroj ovdje, omnikopter, sa svojih osam propelera,

is an exercise in excess.

je vježba viška.

What can you do with all this surplus?

Što sve možete s ovim viškom?

Ono što se može primjetiti je, da je jako simetričan.

The thing to notice is that it is highly symmetric.

As a result, it is ambivalent to orientation.

Rezultat toga je taj, što je ambivalentan prema orijentaciji.

This gives it an extraordinary capability.

To mu daje izvanrednu sposobnost.

It can move anywhere it wants in space

Može se kretati bilo gdje u prostoru

irrespective of where it is facing

bez obzira s čim se susreće

and even of how it is rotating.

i kako se rotira.

Ima svoje složenosti,

It has its own complexities,

mainly having to do with the interacting flows

koje su uglavnom povezane s tijekom interakcije

od njegovih osam propelera.

from its eight propellers.

Some of this can be modeled, while the rest can be learned on the fly.

Nešto od toga se može modelirati, dok se ostatak uči pri letenju.

Let's take a look.

Ajmo pogledati.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

If flying machines are going to enter part of our daily lives,

Ako će leteći strojevi ući u naš svakodnevni život,

they will need to become extremely safe and reliable.

morali bi postati veoma sigurni i pouzdani.

This machine over here

Ovaj ovdje stroj

je u stvari stroj podijeljen na dva dijela stroja s dva propelera.

is actually two separate two-propeller flying machines.

This one wants to spin clockwise.

Ovaj se vrti u smjeru kazaljke na satu.

Dok se drugi vrti suprotno od kazaljke na satu.

This other one wants to spin counterclockwise.

When you put them together,

Kada ih spojimo,

they behave like one high-performance quadrocopter.

postanu jedan kvadrikopter visokih preformansi.

If anything goes wrong, however --

Ukoliko nešto pođe po zlu --

a motor fails, a propeller fails, electronics, even a battery pack --

ako motor otkaže, ako propeler otkaže, elektronika ili čak i baterija --

the machine can still fly, albeit in a degraded fashion.

ovaj stroj još uvijek može letjeti, ali na slabiji način.

Sada ćemo vam to demonstrirati, tako da onesposobimo jednu njegovu polovicu.

We're going to demonstrate this to you now by disabling one of its halves.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

This last demonstration

Ova posljednja demonstracija

is an exploration of synthetic swarms.

je istraživanje sintetičkih rojeva.

The large number of autonomous, coordinated entities

Veliki broj samostalnih, koordiniranih entiteta

offers a new palette for aesthetic expression.

omogućuje novu paletu estetskog izražavanja.

We've taken commercially available micro quadcopters,

Uzeli smo komercijalno dostupne mikro kvadkoptere,

each weighing less than a slice of bread, by the way,

a svaki od njih je lakši i od komada kruha,

and outfitted them with our localization technology

i opremili smo ih našom lokalizacijskom tehnologijom

and custom algorithms.

i posebnim algoritmima.

Because each unit knows where it is in space

Jer svaka jednica zna gdje se nalazi u prostoru

i kontrolira samu sebe,

and is self-controlled,

there is really no limit to their number.

i njihovm broju zaista nema kraja.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Hopefully, these demonstrations will motivate you to dream up

Nadamo se da će vas ovo izlaganje motivirati da više sanjarite

o novim revolucionarnim ulogama za leteće strojeve.

new revolutionary roles for flying machines.

That ultrasafe one over there for example

Ova ultrasigurna tamo, na primjer

has aspirations to become a flying lampshade on Broadway.

želi postati sjenilo na Broadwayju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

The reality is that it is difficult to predict

Realnost je da je teško predvidjeti

utjecaj tehnologije koja se rađa.

the impact of nascent technology.

A za ljude poput nas, prava nagrada je put i sam čin stvaranja.

And for folks like us, the real reward is the journey and the act of creation.

To je stalan podsjetnik

It's a continual reminder

of how wonderful and magical the universe we live in is,

kako je divan i čaroban svemir u kojem živimo,

that it allows creative, clever creatures

i da dozvoljava kreativnim, pametnim stvorenjima

to sculpt it in such spectacular ways.

da ih oblikuju na toliko spektakularnih načina.

The fact that this technology

Činjenica da ova tehnologija

has such huge commercial and economic potential

ima ogromni komercijalni i ekonomski potencijal

je samo šlag na torti.

is just icing on the cake.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)