Facebook's role in Brexit — and the threat to democracy | Carole Cadwalladr

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

So, on the day after the Brexit vote,

Dakle, dan nakon Breksita,

in June 2016,

juna 2016. godine

when Britain woke up to the shock

kada se Britanija probudila u šoku,

of discovering that we're leaving the European Union,

otkrivši da napuštamo Evropsku uniju,

my editor at the "Observer" newspaper in the UK

moj urednik iz britanskih novina „Obzerver”

asked me to go back to South Wales, where I grew up, and to write a report.

zatražio mi je da pođem do Južnog Velsa u kom sam odrasla i da napišem reportažu.

And so I went to a town called Ebbw Vale.

Pa sam otišla u grad koji se naziva Ebi Vejl.

Here it is.

Evo ga.

It's in the South Wales Valleys, which is this quite special place.

Nalazi se u južnovelškim dolinama, a to je ovo prilično posebno mesto.

So it's had this very, sort of rich, working-class culture,

Dakle, grad ima nekako bogatu kulturu radničke klase

and it's famous for its Welsh male voice choirs and rugby and its coal.

i poznat je po velškim muškim horovima, ragbiju i uglju.

But when I was a teenager, the coal mines and the steelworks closed,

Međutim, kad sam bila tinejdžerka, rudnici uglja i čeličane su zatvoreni

and the entire area was devastated.

i čitava oblast je bila uništena.

And I went there because it had one of the highest "Leave" votes in the country.

A tamo sam išla jer je taj grad imao najveći broj glasova za izlazak iz EU.

Sixty-two percent of the people here voted to leave the European Union.

Ovde je 62 procenta ljudi glasalo da napusti Evropsku uniju.

And I wanted to know why.

A ja sam želela da znam zašto.

When I got there, I was just a bit taken aback,

Kada sam stigla tamo, bila sam malo zatečena

because the last time I went to Ebbw Vale,

jer poslednji put kad sam bila u Ebi Vejlu,

it looked like this.

izgledao je ovako.

And now, it looks like this.

A sada izgleda ovako.

This is a new 33-million-pound college of further education

Ovo je novi fakultet za dalje usavršavanje vredan 33 miliona funti

that was mostly funded by the European Union.

koji je većim delom finansirala Evropska unija.

And this is the new sports center

A ovo je novi sportski centar

that's at the middle of 350-million-pound regeneration project

koji je u središtu projekta obnove vrednog 350 miliona funti

that's being funded by the European Union.

koji finansira Evropska unija.

And this is the new 77-million-pound road-improvement scheme,

A ovo je shema unapređenja putne infrastrukture vredna 77 miliona funti,

and there's a new train line, a new railway station,

a imaju i novu železničku liniju, novu železničku stanicu

and they're all being funded by the European Union.

i sve je to finansirala Evropska unija.

And it's not as if any of this is a secret,

A ne radi se o nekakvoj tajni

because there's big signs like this everywhere.

jer su ovi veliki znaci svuda.

[EU Funds: Investing in Wales]

[EU fondovi: ulaganje u Vels]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I had this sort of weird sense of unreality,

Imala sam taj nekakav čudan osećaj nerealnog

walking around the town.

šetajući gradom.

And it came to a head

A razbistrilo mi se

when I met this young man in front of the sports center.

kad sam upoznala ovog mladića ispred sportskog centra.

And he told me that he had voted to leave,

A on mi je rekao da je glasao za izlazak

because the European Union had done nothing for him.

jer Evropska unija nije uradila ništa za njega.

He was fed up with it.

Bio je sit Evropske unije.

And all around town, people told me the same thing.

I svuda po gradu, ljudi su mi govorili isto.

They said that they wanted to take back control,

Govorili su da žele da povrate kontrolu,

which was one of the slogans in the campaign.

to je bio i jedan od slogana tokom kampanje.

And they told me that they were most fed up

I rekl su mi da su uglavnom siti

with the immigrants and with the refugees.

imigranata i izbeglica.

They'd had enough.

Dosta im je.

Which was odd.

A to je čudno.

Because walking around, I didn't meet any immigrants or refugees.

Jer šetajući gradom, nisam uopšte sretala imigrante ili izbeglice.

I met one Polish woman who told me

Upoznala sam jednu Poljakinju

koja mi je rekla da je praktično jedini stranac u gradu.

she was practically the only foreigner in town.

And when I checked the figures,

A kada sam proverila cifre,

I discovered that Ebbw Vale actually has

otkrila sam da Ebi Vejl zapravo ima

one of the lowest rates of immigration in the country.

jednu od najnižih stopa imigracije u državi.

And so I was just a bit baffled,

Pa sam bila prosto malčice zbunjena

because I couldn't really understand

jer nisam mogla da razumem

where people were getting their information from.

odakle ljudi dobavljaju informacije.

Because it was the right-wing tabloid newspapers

Zato što su tabloidne novine desnog krila

which printed all these stories about immigration.

štampale sve te priče o imigraciji.

And this is a very much left-wing Labour stronghold.

A grad je uglavnom laburističo-levičarsko uporište.

But then after the article came out, this woman got in touch with me.

Međutim, kada je izašao moj članak, ova žena je stupila sa mnom u kontakt.

And she was from Ebbw Vale,

Ona je iz Ebi Vejla

and she told me about all this stuff that she'd seen on Facebook.

i rekla mi je za sve te stvari koje je videla na Fejsbuku.

I was like, "What stuff?"

Bila sam u fazonu, „Šta?”

And she said it was all this quite scary stuff about immigration,

A rekla je da se radilo o krajnje strašnim stvarima o imigraciji,

and especially about Turkey.

a naročito o Turskoj.

So I tried to find it.

Pa sam pokušala da to nađem.

But there was nothing there.

Međutim, ničeg nije bilo.

Because there's no archive of ads that people had seen

Jer ne postoji arhiva reklama koje su ljudi videli

or what had been pushed into their news feeds.

ili onoga što je umetnuto u njihovu stranicu za vesti.

No trace of anything, gone completely dark.

Nikakvog traga o bilo čemu, sve je utihnulo.

And this referendum that will have this profound effect forever on Britain --

A ovaj referendum koji će da ima istinski efekat na Britaniju zauvek -

it's already had a profound effect:

već je imao istinski efekat:

the Japanese car manufacturers that came to Wales and the north east

japanski proizvođači automobila koji su došli u Vels i na severoistok

to replace the mining jobs --

da zamene rudarske poslove -

they are already going because of Brexit.

već odlaze zbog Breksita.

And this entire referendum took place in darkness,

A čitav ovaj referendum se desio pod velom tame

because it took place on Facebook.

jer se desio na Fejsbuku.

And what happens on Facebook stays on Facebook,

A ono što se desi na Fejsbuku, ostaje na Fejsbuku

because only you see your news feed, and then it vanishes,

jer samo vi vidite vaše vesti, a potom one nestaju,

so it's impossible to research anything.

te je nemoguće istražiti bilo šta.

So we have no idea who saw what ads

Pa nemamo nikakvu predstavu ko je video koje reklame

or what impact they had,

ili kakav uticaj su one imale

or what data was used to target these people.

ili koji su podaci korišćeni da se ciljaju ovi ljudi.

Or even who placed the ads, or how much money was spent,

Ili čak ko je postavio reklame ili koliko je novca potrošeno

or even what nationality they were.

ili, pak, koje su nacionalnosti bili.

But Facebook does.

Međutim, Fejsbuk zna.

Facebook has these answers,

Fejsbuk ima ove odgovore

and it's refused to give them to us.

i odbili su da nam ih daju.

Our parliament has asked Mark Zuckerberg multiple times to come to Britain

Naš parlament je više puta zatražio od Marka Zakerberga da dođe u Britaniju

and to give us these answers.

i da nam da ove odgovore.

And every single time, he's refused.

A on je to odbio svaki put.

And you have to wonder why.

I morate da se zapitate zašto.

Because what I and other journalists have uncovered

Jer ono što smo ja i drugi novinari otrkili

is that multiple crimes took place during the referendum.

je da je došlo do više nezakonitosti tokom referenduma.

And they took place on Facebook.

A sve su se desile na Fejsbuku.

It's because in Britain, we limit the amount of money

Zato što u Britaniji ograničavamo količinu novca

that you can spend in an election.

koju možete da potrošite na izbore.

And it's because in the 19th century,

A to je tako zato što su u XIX veku

people would walk around with literally wheelbarrows of cash

ljudi šetali okolo bukvalno sa kolicima punim novca

and just buy voters.

i prosto su kupovali glasače.

So we passed these strict laws to stop that from happening.

Pa smo usvojili ove stroge zakone kako bismo tu praksu zaustavili.

But those laws don't work anymore.

Međutim, ti zakoni više ne važe.

This referendum took place almost entirely online.

Ovaj referendum se desio skoro u potpunosti na internetu.

And you can spend any amount of money on Facebook or on Google or on YouTube ads

A možete da potrošite koliko hoćete novca na reklame na Fejsbuku, Guglu ili Jutjubu

and nobody will know, because they're black boxes.

i niko neće znati jer se radi o crnim kutijama.

And this is what happened.

A upravo to se i desilo.

We've actually got no idea of the full extent of it.

Mi zapravo nemamo ni predstavu o punom opsegu ovoga.

But we do know that in the last days before the Brexit vote,

Međutim, znamo da je poslednjih dana pred glasanje na Breksitu

the official "Vote Leave" campaign

zvanična kampanja „Glasaj za izlazak”

laundered nearly three quarters of a million pounds

oprala skoro tri četvrtine miliona funti

through another campaign entity

preko drugog kampanjskog subjekta

that our electoral commission has ruled was illegal,

koji je naša izborna komisija izglasala kao nezakonitog

and it's referred it to the police.

i predala ga policiji.

And with this illegal cash,

A ovim nezakonitim novcem,

"Vote Leave" unleashed a fire hose of disinformation.

„Glasaj za izalazak” je oslobodila lavinu lažnih informacija.

Ads like this.

Ovakve reklame.

[Turkey's 76m people joining the EU]

[76 miliona Turaka pristupa EU]

This is a lie, it's a total lie.

Ovo je laž, apsolutna laž.

Turkey is not joining the European Union.

Turska se ne pridružuje Evropskoj uniji.

There's not even any discussions of it joining the European Union.

Čak ne postoje ni pregovori o pristupanju Evropskoj uniji.

And most of us, we never saw these ads,

A većina nas nikad nije ni videla ove reklame

because we were not the target of them.

jer mi nismo bili njihova ciljna grupa.

"Vote Leave" identified a tiny sliver of people

„Glasaj za izlazak” je identifikovala manje ogranke ljudi

who it identified as persuadable, and they saw them.

koje je prepoznala kao povodljive i ti ljudi su ih videli.

And the only reason we are seeing these now

A jedini razlog zašto ih mi sada vidimo

is because parliament forced Facebook to hand them over.

je jer je parlament naterao Fejsbuk da ih preda.

And maybe you think,

I možda mislite:

"Well, it was just a bit of overspending.

„Pa, radilo se tek o malo većem trošku.

It's a few lies."

Radi se o nekoliko laži.”

But this was the biggest electoral fraud in Britain for 100 years.

Međutim, ovo je najveća izborna prevara u Britaniji tokom stotinu godina.

In a once-in-a-generation vote

Tokom glasanja koje se dešava jednom u generaciji

that hinged upon just one percent of the electorate.

koje je zavisilo od svega jednog procenta izbornog tela.

And it was just one of the crimes that took place in the referendum.

A radi se o tek jednom od zločina koji su se desili tokom referenduma.

There was another group,

Potojala je još jedna grupa

which was headed by this man, Nigel Farage,

predvođena ovim čovekom, Najdželom Faražom,

the one to the right of Trump.

to je ovaj desno od Trampa.

And his group, "Leave.EU" -- it also broke the law.

A njegova grupa „Napusti.EU” je takođe prekršila zakon.

It broke British electoral laws and British data laws,

Prekršila je britanske izborne zakone i britanske zakone o podacima

and it's also being referred to the police.

i takođe su predati policiji.

And this man, Arron Banks, he funded this campaign.

A ovaj čovek, Aron Benks, on je finansirao ovu kampanju.

And in a completely separate case,

I zbog potpuno različitog slučaja,

he's being referred to our National Crime Agency,

pod istragom je naše Nacionalne agencije za kriminal,

our equivalent of the FBI,

našeg pandana FBI-u

because our electoral commission

jer je naša izborna komisija

has concluded they don't know where his money came from.

zaključila da ne znaju odakle mu je stizao novac.

Or if it was even British.

I da li je uopšte britanskog porekla.

And I'm not even going to go into the lies that Arron Banks has told

A neću ni da zalazim u laži koje je Aron Benks ispričao

about his covert relationship with the Russian government.

o njegovim tajnim vezama sa ruskom vladom.

Or the weird timing of Nigel Farage's meetings with Julian Assange

Ili o neobičnoj slučajnosti susreta Najdžela Faraža sa Džulijanom Asanžom

and with Trump's buddy, Roger Stone, now indicted,

i sa Trampovim drugarom, Rodžerom Stonom, trenutno optuženim,

immediately before two massive WikiLeaks dumps,

neposredno pred dva ogromna Vikiliks curenja

both of which happened to benefit Donald Trump.

od kojih su oba bila od koristi za Donalda Trampa.

But I will tell you that Brexit and Trump were intimately entwined.

Međutim, reći ću vam da su Breksit i Tramp prisno isprepletani.

This man told me that Brexit was the petri dish for Trump.

Ovaj čovek mi je rekao da je Breksit zamorče za Trampa.

And we know it's the same people, the same companies,

A znamo da se radi o istim ljudima, istim firmama,

the same data, the same techniques,

istim podacima, istim tehnikama,

the same use of hate and fear.

istoj upotrebi mržnje i straha.

This is what they were posting on Facebook.

Evo šta su postavljali na Fejsbuku.

And I don't even want to call this a lie,

A ovo ni ne želim da nazivam laži,

[Immigration without assimilation equals invasion]

[Imigracija bez asimilacije je jednaka invaziji]

because it feels more like a hate crime to me.

jer mi više liči na zločin mržnje.

I don't have to tell you

Ne moram da vam govorim

that hate and fear are being sown online all across the world.

da mržnju i strah seju širom sveta po internetu.

Not just in Britain and America, but in France and in Hungary

Ne samo u Britaniji i Americi, već i u Francuskoj, Mađarskoj,

and Brazil and Myanmar and New Zealand.

Brazilu, Mjanmaru i Novom Zelandu.

And we know there is this dark undertow which is connecting us all globally.

Znamo da postoji ta mračna struja koja nas globalno povezuje.

And it is flowing via the technology platforms.

A ona teče tehnološkim platformama.

But we only see a tiny amount of what's going on on the surface.

Međutim, mi tek vidimo sićušni deo onoga što se dešava na površini.

And I only found out anything about this dark underbelly

A jedino sam saznala bilo šta o ovom mračnom podzemlju

because I started looking into Trump's relationship to Farage,

jer sam počela da istražujem Trampove veze sa Faražom

into a company called Cambridge Analytica.

i firmom pod nazivom Kembridž analitika.

And I spent months tracking down an ex-employee, Christopher Wiley.

Provela sam mesece tragajući za bivšim radnikom Kristoferom Vajlijem.

And he told me how this company, that worked for both Trump and Brexit,

A on mi je rekao kako je ova firma koja je radila i za Trampa i za Breksit

had profiled people politically

pravila političke profile ljudi

in order to understand their individual fears,

kako bi razumeli njihove individualne strahove,

to better target them with Facebook ads.

kako bi bolje usmeravali Fejsbuk reklame na njih.

And it did this by illicitly harvesting the profiles

A to su postigli nezakonito prikupljajući profile

of 87 million people from Facebook.

87 miliona ljudi sa Fejsbuka.

It took an entire year's work to get Christopher on the record.

Potrebna je bila godina rada da Kristofer da zvaničnu izjavu.

And I had to turn myself from a feature writer

I ja sam morala da se pretvorim iz dopisnice

into an investigative reporter to do it.

u istraživačku novinarku da bih to postigla.

And he was extraordinarily brave,

A on je bio izuzetno hrabar

because the company is owned by Robert Mercer,

jer je firma u posedu Roberta Mersera,

the billionaire who bankrolled Trump,

milijardera koji je finansirao Trampa

and he threatened to sue us multiple times,

i koji je više puta pretio da će da nas tuži,

to stop us from publishing.

kako bi sprečio objavljivanje.

But we finally got there, and we were one day ahead of publication.

Međutim, na kraju smo uspeli i bili smo na dan od objavljivanja.

We got another legal threat.

Stigla je još jedna pravna pretnja.

Not from Cambridge Analytica this time,

Ovaj put ne od Kembridž analitike,

but from Facebook.

već od Fejsbuka.

It told us that if we publish, they would sue us.

Rekli su ako objavimo da će da nas tuže.

We did it anyway.

Ipak smo to uradili.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Facebook, you were on the wrong side of history in that.

Fejsbuk, tada si bio na pogrešnoj strani istorije.

And you were on the wrong side of history in this --

I bili ste na pogrešnoj strani istorije

in refusing to give us the answers that we need.

kada ste odbili da nam predate odgovore koji su nam potrebni.

And that is why I am here.

I zato sam ovde.

To address you directly, the gods of Silicon Valley.

Da vam se direktno obratim, bogovi silicijumske doline.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Mark Zuckerberg ...

Mark Zakerberg -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

and Sheryl Sandberg and Larry Page and Sergey Brin and Jack Dorsey,

Šeril Sandberg, Leri Pejdž, Sergej Brin i Džek Dorsi,

and your employees and your investors, too.

kao i vaši zaposleni i vaši investitori, takođe.

Because 100 years ago,

Jer je pre stotinu godina

the biggest danger in the South Wales coal mines was gas.

najveća opasnost u rudnicima Južnog Velsa bio gas.

Silent and deadly and invisible.

Tih, smrtonosan i nevidljiv.

It's why they sent the canaries down first to check the air.

Zbog toga su prvo slali kanarince da provere vazduh.

And in this massive, global, online experiment that we are all living through,

A u ovom ogromnom, globalnom, internet eksperimentu koji svi proživljavamo,

we in Britain are the canary.

mi Britanci smo kanarinac.

We are what happens to a western democracy

Mi smo ono što zadesi zapadnu demokratiju

when a hundred years of electoral laws are disrupted by technology.

kada se stogodišnji izborni zakoni naruše zbog tehnologije.

Our democracy is broken, our laws don't work anymore,

Naša demokratija je nefunkcionalna, naši zakoni više ne deluju,

and it's not me saying this,

i nisam ja koja to kaže,

it's our parliament published a report saying this.

već je naš parlament objavio izveštaj koji to kaže.

This technology that you have invented has been amazing.

Tehnologija koju ste izumeli je bila očaravajuća.

But now, it's a crime scene.

Međutim, trenutno, ona je mesto zločina.

And you have the evidence.

A vi imate dokaze.

And it is not enough to say that you will do better in the future.

I nije dovoljno da kažete kako ćete ubuduće biti bolji.

Because to have any hope of stopping this from happening again,

Jer jedina nada koju imamo da sprečimo da se ovo ponovo desi

we have to know the truth.

je da moramo da znamo istinu.

And maybe you think, "Well, it was just a few ads.

I možda mislite: „Pa, to je samo nekoliko reklama.

And people are smarter than that, right?"

Ljudi nisu toliko glupi, zar ne?”

To which I would say, "Good luck with that."

Na šta ću da odgovorim: „Samo se nadajte.”

Because what the Brexit vote demonstrates

Jer ono što je Breksit glasanje pokazalo

is that liberal democracy is broken.

je da je liberalna demokratija nefunkcionalna.

And you broke it.

A vi ste je pokvarili.

This is not democracy --

Ovo nije demokratija -

spreading lies in darkness, paid for with illegal cash,

širenje laži u mraku, koje su plaćene nezakonitim novcem

from God knows where.

sam bog zna odakle.

It's subversion,

To je podrivanje

and you are accessories to it.

i vi ste u tome saučesnici.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Our parliament has been the first in the world

Naš parlament je bio prvi u svetu

to try to hold you to account,

koji je pokušao da vas pozove na odgovornost

and it's failed.

i nije uspeo.

You are literally beyond the reach of British law -- not just British laws,

Bukvalno ste van domašaja britanskog zakona - ne samo britanskog zakona,

this is nine parliaments, nine countries are represented here,

radi se o devet parlamenata, devet država je predstavljeno ovde,

who Mark Zuckerberg refused to come and give evidence to.

kojima je Mark Zakerberg odbio da dođe i preda dokaze.

And what you don't seem to understand is that this is bigger than you.

A čini se da ne razumete da je ovo veće od vas.

And it's bigger than any of us.

Veće je od bilo koga od nas.

And it is not about left or right or "Leave" or "Remain" or Trump or not.

I ne radi se o levici ili desnici, „Izaći” ili „Ostati”, Trampu ili ne.

It's about whether it's actually possible

Radi se o tome da li je uopšte moguće

to have a free and fair election ever again.

ikada više imati slobodne i poštene izbore.

Because as it stands, I don't think it is.

Jer kako stoje stvari, ne verujem da jeste.

And so my question to you is, is this what you want?

Stoga je moje pitanje upućeno vama: da li je ovo ono što želite?

Is this how you want history to remember you:

Da li želite da vas istorija zapamti

as the handmaidens to authoritarianism

kao sluge autoritarizma

that is on the rise all across the world?

koji je širom sveta u usponu?

Because you set out to connect people.

Jer ste se zaputili da povežete ljude.

And you are refusing to acknowledge

A odbijate da priznate

that the same technology is now driving us apart.

da nas ista ta tehnologija trenutno razdvaja.

And my question to everybody else is,

A moje pitanje za sve ostale glasi:

is this what we want:

da li je ovo ono što želimo,

to let them get away with it,

da se izvuku

and to sit back and play with our phones, as this darkness falls?

i da sedimo zavaljeni i igramo se telefonima dok mrak pada?

The history of the South Wales Valleys is of a fight for rights.

Istorija južnovelških dolina svedoči o borbi za prava.

And this is not a drill -- it's a point of inflection.

I ne radi se o pokaznoj vežbi - radi se o tački preokreta.

Democracy is not guaranteed, and it is not inevitable,

Demokratija nije zagarantovana i nije neizbežna,

and we have to fight and we have to win

moramo da se borimo, moramo da pobedimo

and we cannot let these tech companies have this unchecked power.

i ne smemo da dozvolimo ovim tehnološkim firmama da imaju nekontrolisanu moć.

It's up to us -- you, me and all of us.

Na nama je - vama, meni i svima nama.

We are the ones who have to take back control.

Mi smo ti koji moramo da povratimo kontrolu.

(Applause)

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