Paper towns and why learning is awesome | John Green

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

This is a map of New York State

Ovo je karta države Njujork,

that was made in 1937 by the General Drafting Company.

napravila ju je firma Dženeral Drafting, 1937. godine.

It's an extremely famous map among cartography nerds,

To je izuzetno poznata karta među štreberima kartografije

because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains,

jer se ovde dole u podnožju planina Katskil

there is a little town called Roscoe --

nalazi maleni grad po imenu Rosko -

actually, this will go easier if I just put it up here --

zapravo, biće lakše, ako ovo postavim ovde -

There's Roscoe, and then right above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,

Imamo Rosko, a onda tačno iznad Roska je Rokland u Njujorku,

and then right above that is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.

a onda tačno iznad toga je maleni grad Aglo u Njujorku.

Agloe, New York, is very famous to cartographers,

Aglo u Njujorku je veoma poznat među kartografima

because it's a paper town.

jer je to grad od papira.

It's also known as a copyright trap.

Poznat je i kao klopka autorskih prava.

Mapmakers -- because my map of New York and your map of New York

Tvorci mapa - jer moja mapa Njujorka i vaša mapa Njujorka

are going to look very similar, on account of the shape of New York --

će da izgledaju veoma slično, zbog oblika Njujorka -

often, mapmakers will insert fake places onto their maps,

često će tvorci karata ubaciti lažna mesta na svoje mape,

in order to protect their copyright.

da bi zaštitili svoja autorska prava.

Because then, if my fake place shows up on your map,

Jer onda, ako se moje lažno mesto pojavi na vašoj karti,

I can be well and truly sure that you have robbed me.

mogu da budem zaista i uistinu siguran da ste me pokrali.

Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials of the two guys who made this map,

Aglo je škrabotina inicijala dva lika koja su napravila ovu kartu,

Ernest Alpers and Otto [G.] Lindberg,

Ernesta Alpersa i Ota [G.] Lindberga,

and they released this map in 1937.

a objavili su ovu kartu 1937.

Decades later, Rand McNally releases a map

Decenijama kasnije, Rand Meknali objavljuje kartu

with Agloe, New York, on it, at the same exact intersection

sa Agloom, Njujork, na njoj na identičnoj raskrsnici

of two dirt roads in the middle of nowhere.

dva prašnjava puta u sred nedođije.

Well, you can imagine the delight over at General Drafting.

Pa, možete da zamislite radost u Dženeral draftingu.

They immediately call Rand McNally, and they say,

Odmah su nazvali Randa Meknalija i rekli:

"We've caught you! We made Agloe, New York, up.

"Uhvatili smo te! Mi smo izmislili Aglo u Njujorku.

It is a fake place. It's a paper town.

To je lažno mesto. To je grad od papira.

We're going to sue your pants off!"

Tužićemo te do poslednje pare!"

And Rand McNally says, "No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."

A Rand Meknali odgovara: "Ne, ne, ne, ne, Aglo je stvaran."

Because people kept going to that intersection of two dirt roads --

Jer su ljudi stalno išli na tu raskrsnicu dva prašnjava puta -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

in the middle of nowhere, expecting there to be a place called Agloe --

u sred nedođije, očekujući da će tu zateći mesto zvano Aglo -

someone built a place called Agloe, New York.

neko je sagradio mesto nazvano Aglo u Njujorku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It had a gas station, a general store, two houses at its peak.

Imalo je benzinsku pumpu, jedan market, dve kuće na krajevima.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And this is of course a completely irresistible metaphor to a novelist,

I ovo je, naravno, potpuno neodoljiva metafora za pisca

because we would all like to believe that the stuff that we write down on paper

jer bismo svi mi voleli da verujemo da ono što stavljamo na papir

can change the actual world in which we're actually living,

može da promeni stvarni svet u kome zapravo živimo,

which is why my third book is called "Paper Towns".

zato se moja treća knjiga zove "Gradovi od papira".

But what interests me ultimately more than the medium in which this happened,

Ali mene naposletku interesuje, više od samog medija u kom se ovo desilo,

is the phenomenon itself.

fenomen sam po sebi.

It's easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of the world, right?

Prilično je lako reći da svet oblikuje naše karte sveta, zar ne?

Like the overall shape of the world is obviously going to affect our maps.

Na primer, kompletan oblik sveta će očigledno da utiče na naše karte.

But what I find a lot more interesting is the way

Ali pronalazim da je zanimljivije

to kako način na koji predstavljamo svet na kartama, menja svet.

that the manner in which we map the world changes the world.

Because the world would truly be a different place if North were down.

Jer svet bi bio zaista drugačije mesto, kad bi sever bio dole.

And the world would be a truly different place

I svet bi bi zaista drugačije mesto

if Alaska and Russia weren't on opposite sides of the map.

kad Aljaska i Rusija ne bi bile na suprotnim stranama karte.

And the world would be a different place

I svet bi bio drugačije mesto

if we projected Europe to show it in its actual size.

kada bismo prikazivali Evropu u istinskoj razmeri.

The world is changed by our maps of the world.

Svet su promenile naše karte sveta.

The way that we choose -- sort of, our personal cartographic enterprise,

Način na koji biramo - otprilike, naše lično kartografsko ustrojstvo,

also shapes the map of our lives,

takođe oblikuje karte našeg života,

and that in turn shapes our lives.

a to, zauzvrat, oblikuje naše živote.

I believe that what we map changes the life we lead.

Verujem da ono što stavljamo na karte menja živote koje vodimo.

And I don't mean that in some, like, secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,

I ne mislim o tome u smislu tajnovite mreže Oprini anđeli,

you-can-think-your-way- out-of-cancer sense.

kao u smislu možete-mislima- da-se-oslobodite-raka.

But I do believe that while maps don't show you where you will go in your life,

Ali verujem da, iako vam karte ne pokazuju kuda ćete ići u životu,

they show you where you might go.

one vam pokazuju kuda biste mogli poći.

You very rarely go to a place that isn't on your personal map.

Veoma retko odlazite na mesto koje nije na vašoj ličnoj karti.

So I was a really terrible student when I was a kid.

Dakle, ja sam bio uistinu loš đak, kad sam bio dete.

My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.

Prosek mi se konstantno kretao oko slabe dvojke.

And I think the reason that I was such a terrible student

A mislim da je razlog tome što sam bio loš đak

to što sam smatrao da je obrazovanje samo niz prepreka

is that I felt like education was just a series of hurdles

that had been erected before me,

koje su se uzdigle preda mnom

and I had to jump over in order to achieve adulthood.

i da moram da ih preskočim kako bih odrastao.

And I didn't really want to jump over these hurdles,

A ja zaista nisam želeo da preskačem ove prepreke,

because they seemed completely arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,

jer su se činile potpuno proizvoljnim, pa često i nisam,

and then people would threaten me, you know,

a onda bi mi ljudi pretili, znate,

they'd threaten me with this "going on [my] permanent record,"

pretili bi mi da će sve to „ući u moje svedočanstvo”

or "You'll never get a good job."

ili: „Nikada nećeš naći dobar posao.”

I didn't want a good job!

Ja nisam želeo dobar posao!

As far as I could tell at eleven or twelve years old,

Kako sam mogao da primetim sa 11 ili 12 godina,

like, people with good jobs woke up very early in the morning,

ljudi sa dobrim poslovima se bude veoma rano ujutru,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

and the men who had good jobs, one of the first things they did

a muškarci sa dobrim poslovima, prvo što rade

was tie a strangulation item of clothing around their necks.

vezuju platnenu stvar, nalik omči za vešanje, oko vrata.

They literally put nooses on themselves,

Bukvalno sebi stavljaju omče

and then they went off to their jobs, whatever they were.

a onda idu na svoje poslove, šta god oni bili.

That's not a recipe for a happy life.

To nije recept za srećan život.

These people -- in my, symbol-obsessed, twelve year-old imagination --

Ovi ljudi - prema mojoj mašti dvanaestogodišnjaka opsednutog simbolima -

these people who are strangling themselves

ovi ljudi koji sebe dave,

as one of the first things they do each morning,

čim zora svane to prvo rade,

they can't possibly be happy.

oni nikako ne mogu da budu srećni.

Why would I want to jump over all of these hurdles

Zašto bih želeo da preskačem sve te prepreke

and have that be the end?

i da tako završim?

That's a terrible end!

To je grozan kraj!

And then, when I was in tenth grade, I went to this school,

A onda, kada sam bio u 10. razredu krenuo sam u školu pod nazivom:

Indian Springs School, a small boarding school,

Indijan Springs, bio je to mali konzervatorijum,

outside of Birmingham, Alabama.

u blizini Birmingema u Alabami.

And all at once I became a learner.

I iznenada sam počeo da učim.

And I became a learner, because I found myself

A počeo sam da učim jer sam se zatekao

in a community of learners.

u zajednici učenika.

I found myself surrounded by people

Zatekao sam se okružen ljudima

who celebrated intellectualism and engagement,

koji su slavili intelektualizam i angažman

and who thought that my ironic oh-so-cool disengagement

i koji su smatrali da moj ironični stav, oh-tako-sam kul,

wasn't clever, or funny,

nije ni pametan, ni smešan,

but, like, it was a simple and unspectacular response

već da je to jednostavan i nespektakularan odgovor

to very complicated and compelling problems.

na veoma komplikovane i nesavladive probleme.

And so I started to learn, because learning was cool.

Pa sam počeo da učim jer je učenje kul.

I learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinite sets,

Naučio sam da su neki beskonačni skupovi veći od drugih

and I learned that iambic pentameter is and why it sounds so good to human ears.

i naučio sam šta je jambski pentametar i zašto tako prija ljudskom uhu.

I learned that the Civil War was a nationalizing conflict,

Naučio sam da je Građanski rat bio konflikt nacionalnog karaktera,

naučio sam ponešto iz fizike,

I learned some physics,

I learned that correlation shouldn't be confused with causation --

naučio sam da uzrok ne treba mešati s posledicom -

all of these things, by the way,

usput, sve mi je ovo

enriched my life on a literally daily basis.

bukvalno svakodnevno obogaćivalo život.

And it's true that I don't use most of them for my "job,"

I istina je da većinu toga ne koristim na svom „poslu”,

but that's not what it's about for me.

ali po mom mišljenju, ne radi se o tome.

It's about cartography.

Radi se o kartografiji.

What is the process of cartography?

Kakav je proces u kartografiji?

It's, you know, sailing upon some land, and thinking,

To je, znate, kada plovite nekom zemljom i mislite:

"I think I'll draw that bit of land,"

"Mislim da ću da ucrtam ovaj deo zemlje",

and then wondering, "Maybe there's some more land to draw."

a onda pomislite: "Možda ima još zemalja koje trebaju da se ucrtaju."

And that's when learning really began for me.

I tada je za mene počelo učenje.

It's true that I had teachers that didn't give up on me,

Istina, imao sam nastavnike koji nisu digli ruke od mene

and I was very fortunate to have those teachers,

i srećan sam što sam imao takve nastavnike

because I often gave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me.

jer sam im često davao razlog da misle da nema smisla ulagati u mene.

But a lot of the learning that I did in high school

Ali veći deo mog obrazovanja u srednjoj školi

wasn't about what happened inside the classroom,

nije se svodio na učionicu,

it was about what happened outside of the classroom.

već na ono što se dešavalo van učionice.

For instance, I can tell you

Na primer, mogu da vam kažem

da: "Ima neka kosa svetlost u zimsko popodne -

that "There's a certain Slant of light, Winter Afternoons --

That oppresses, like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes --"

koja tišti, kao u katedrali teret poja -"

not because I memorized Emily Dickinson in school

ne zato što sam učio Emili Dikinson napamet u školi,

when I was in high school,

dok sam bio u srednjoj školi,

but because there was a girl when I was in high school,

već zato što je bila jedna devojka iz moje srednje škole

and her name was Amanda, and I had a crush on her,

i zvala se Amanda i ja sam bio zaljubljen u nju,

and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.

i ona je volela poeziju Emili Dikinson.

The reason I can tell you what opportunity cost is,

Razlog zašto vam mogu objasniti oportunitetni trošak

is because one day when I was playing Super Mario Kart on my couch,

je taj da je jednom dok sam igrao Super Mario kart na kauču

my friend Emmet walked in, and he said,

došao moj prijatelj Emet i rekao:

"How long have you been playing Super Mario Kart?"

„Koliko dugo već igraš Super Mario kart?”

A ja sam rekao: „Ne znam, oko šest sati?”, a on je rekao:

And I said, "I don't know, like, six hours?" and he said,

"Do you realize that if you'd worked at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,

„Shvataš li, da si tih šest sati radio kod Baskin Robinsa,

mogao si da zaradiš 30 dolara, tako da si na neki način

you could have made 30 dollars, so in some ways,

you just paid thirty dollars to play Super Mario Kart."

prosto platio 30 dolara da bi igrao Super Mario kart.”

And I was, like, "I'll take that deal."

A ja sam bio u fazonu: „Nemam ništa protiv.”

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But I learned what opportunity cost is.

Ali naučio sam šta je oportunitetni trošak.

And along the way, the map of my life got better.

A usput je karta mog života postala bolja.

It got bigger; it contained more places.

Proširila se; sadržala je više mesta.

There were more things that might happen,

Više stvari je moglo da se desi,

more futures I might have.

veći su mi bili izgledi za budućnost.

It wasn't a formal, organized learning process,

Nije to bio formalni, organizovani proces obrazovanja

and I'm happy to admit that.

i ja sam srećan zbog toga.

It was spotty, it was inconsistent, there was a lot I didn't know.

Bio je neorganizovan, nestalan, dosta toga nisam znao.

I might know, you know, Cantor's idea

Možda znam, znate, Kantorovu zamisao

that some infinite sets are larger than other infinite sets,

da su neki beskonačni skupovi veći od drugih,

but I didn't really understand the calculus behind that idea.

ali nisam uistinu razumeo matematiku iza te zamisli.

I might know the idea of opportunity cost,

Možda sam znao ideju o oportunitetnom trošku,

but I didn't know the law of diminishing returns.

ali nisam znao za zakon opadajućih prinosa.

But the great thing about imagining learning as cartography,

Ali sjajna stvar kod zamišljanja obrazovanja kao kartografije,

instead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles

nasuprot ideji o proizvoljnim preprekama

that you have to jump over,

koje morate da preskočite

is that you see a bit of coastline, and that makes you want to see more.

je to što vidite parče obale i zbog toga želite da otkrijete više.

And so now I do know at least some of the calculus

I sada znam, bar delimično,

that underlies all of that stuff.

matematiku iza svega toga.

So, I had one learning community

Dakle, bio sam u zajednici učenika u srednjoj školi

in high school, then I went to another for college,

potom sam prišao drugoj, fakultetskoj,

and then I went to another,

a onda sam prišao sledećoj,

when I started working at a magazine called "Booklist,"

kada sam počeo da radim za časopis pod nazivom "Buklist",

where I was an assistant, surrounded by astonishingly well-read people.

gde sam bio asistent, okružen iznenađujuće načitanim ljudima.

And then I wrote a book.

A onda sam napisao knjigu.

And like all authors dream of doing,

I sledeći san svih pisaca,

I promptly quit my job.

ubrzo sam napustio posao.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And for the first time since high school,

I prvi put, nakon srednje škole,

I found myself without a learning community, and it was miserable.

zatekao sam se van zajednice učenika i bilo je grozno.

I hated it.

Mrzeo sam to.

I read many, many books during this two-year period.

Pročitao sam mnogo, mnogo knjiga tokom te dve godine.

I read books about Stalin,

Čitao sam knjige o Staljinu

and books about how the Uzbek people came to identify as Muslims,

i knjige o tome kako su Uzbeci postali muslimani

and I read books about how to make atomic bombs,

i čitao sam knjige o pravljenju atomskih bombi,

but it just felt like I was creating my own hurdles,

ali sam imao osećaj da samom sebi stvaram prepreke

and then jumping over them myself, instead of feeling the excitement

i da ih sam preskačem, bez osećaja uzbuđenja

of being part of a community of learners, a community of people

zbog toga što sam deo zajednice učenika, zajednice ljudi

who are engaged together in the cartographic enterprise

koji su zajedno uključeni u kartografsko ustrojstvo

of trying to better understand and map the world around us.

unutar koga se trudimo da bolje razumemo i iscrtamo svet oko nas.

And then, in 2006, I met that guy.

A onda sam 2006. upoznao ovog lika.

His name is Ze Frank.

On se zove Ze Frank.

I didn't actually meet him, just on the Internet.

Nisam ga uistinu upoznao, samo preko interneta.

Ze Frank was running, at the time, a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"

Ze Frank je tada vodio emisiju pod nazivom „Šou sa Ze Frankom”

and I discovered the show,

i ja sam otkrio tu emisiju

and that was my way back into being a community learner again.

i to je bio moj povratak u zajednicu učenika.

Here's Ze talking about Las Vegas:

Evo kako Ze govori o Las Vegasu:

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas was built in the middle of a huge, hot desert.

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas je sagrađen u sred ogromne, vrele pustinje.

Almost everything here was brought from somewhere else --

Skoro sve ovde je doneseno odnekle drugo -

the sort of rocks, the trees, the waterfalls.

kao te stene, drveće, vodopadi.

These fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew.

Ove ribe su skoro neprimerene koliko i moje leteće prase.

Contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds this place,

U suprotnosti sa sparušenom pustinjom koja okružuje ovo mesto,

so are these people.

kao i ovi ljudi.

Things from all over the world have been rebuilt here, away from their histories,

Predmeti iz raznih krajeva sveta su ovde ponovo izgrađeni,

van svojih istorija i daleko od ljudi kojima znače nešto drugo.

and away from the people that experience them differently.

Ponekad su poboljšani - čak je i Sfinga imala korekciju nosa.

Sometimes improvements were made -- even the Sphinx got a nose job.

Ovde nema razloga da osećate da vam nešto nedostaje.

Here, there's no reason to feel like you're missing anything.

Ovaj Njujork ima isto značenje meni kao i svima drugima.

This New York means the same to me as it does to everyone else.

Sve je van konteksta, a to znači da kontekst sve dopušta:

Everything is out of context, and that means context allows for everything:

Self Parking, Events Center, Shark Reef.

Samoparkiranje, Ivents centar, Ajkulin greben.

This fabrication of place could be one of the world's greatest achievements,

Ovo fabrikovanje mesta bi moglo da bude jedno od najvećih svetskih dostignuća,

because no one belongs here; everyone does.

zato što niko ovde ne pripada; pripadaju svi.

As I walked around this morning, I noticed most of the buildings

Dok sam jutros šetao okolo, primetio sam da je većina zgrada

were huge mirrors reflecting the sun back into the desert.

džinovsko ogledalo koje reflektuje svetlost u pustinju.

No dok vam druga ogledala

But unlike most mirrors,

which present you with an outside view of yourself embedded in a place,

pokazuju vašu spoljašnost unutar nekog mesta,

ova ogledala imaju prazan odraz.

these mirrors come back empty.

Džon Grin: Hvata me nostalgija na dane

John Green: Makes me nostalgic for the days

kada ste mogli da vidite piksele na onlajn snimcima.

when you could see the pixels in online video.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Ze isn't just a great public intellectual, he's also a brilliant community builder,

Ze nije samo sjajan javni intelektualac, on je i briljantan graditelj zajednica,

and the community of people that built up around these videos

a zajednica ljudi koja je nastala oko ovih video snimaka

was in many ways a community of learners.

je na razne načine bila zajednica učenika.

So we played Ze Frank at chess collaboratively, and we beat him.

Pa smo zajedno igrali šah protiv Ze Franka i pobedili smo ga.

We organized ourselves to take a young man on a road trip across the United States.

Organizovali smo se kako bismo jednog mladića

poveli na putovanje kroz SAD.

We turned the Earth into a sandwich,

Pretvorili smo Zemlju u sendvič,

by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the Earth,

tako što je jedna osoba držala krišku hleba na jednoj tački Zemlje

and on the exact opposite point of the Earth,

a tačno na suprotnoj tački Zemlje

have another person holding a piece of bread.

druga osoba je držala krišku hleba.

I realize that these are silly ideas, but they are also "learny" ideas,

Shvatam da su ovo luckaste ideje, ali su takođe i ideje učenja,

and that was what was so exciting to me,

a to mi je bilo tako uzbudljivo,

and if you go online, you can find communities like this all over the place.

pa ako odete na internet, pronaći ćete ovakve zajednice svuda.

Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr,

Pratite oznaku za matematiku na Tambleru,

and yes, you will see people complaining about calculus,

i da, videćete ljude koji se žale na matematiku,

but you'll also see people re-blogging those complaints,

ali ćete i videti ljude koji dalje prosleđuju ove žalbe,

making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful,

iznoseći argumente da je matematika interesantna i lepa,

and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable.

a ovo je način na koji možete da mislite o problemu koji smatrate nerešivim.

You can go to places like Reddit, and find sub-Reddits,

Možete otići na mesta, poput Redita i pronaći pod-Redite,

like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science,"

poput: „Pitajte istoričara” ili: „Pitajte o nauci”,

where you can ask people who are in these fields

gde možete da postavite ljudima iz ovih oblasti

a wide range of questions,

širok spektar pitanja,

from very serious ones to very silly ones.

od veoma ozbiljnih do veoma luckastih.

But to me, the most interesting communities of learners

Ipak, meni najinteresantnije među zajednicama učenika

that are growing up on the Internet right now are on YouTube,

koje se trenutno razvijaju na internetu, su na Jutjubu,

and admittedly, I am biased.

i priznaću da sam pristrasan.

But I think in a lot of ways, the YouTube page resembles a classroom.

Ali mislim da na mnogo načina Jutjub stranica liči na učionicu.

Pogledajte, na primer: „Jednominutnu fiziku”,

Look for instance at "Minute Physics,"

a guy who's teaching the world about physics:

lika koji podučava svet fizici:

(Video) Let's cut to the chase.

(Video) Pređimo na stvar.

As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson is the last fundamental piece

Od 4. jula 2012. godine, Higsov bozon je poslednji temeljni deo

of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally.

standardnog modela fizike elementarnih čestica

koji je otkriven eksperimentalno.

But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson

Ali, možda ćete se pitati zašto je on

included in the standard model,

uključen u standardni model,

alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks,

uz dobro poznate čestice, poput elektrona, fotona i kvarkova,

if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?

ako nije bio otkriven dalekih '70-ih?

Good question. There are two main reasons.

Dobro pitanje. Postoje dva glavna razloga.

First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field,

Pod jedan, baš kao što je elektron pobuđeno elektronsko polje,

the Higgs boson is simply a particle which is an excitation

Higsov bozon je prosto čestica

koja je pobuđeno sveprožimajuće Higsovo polje.

of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.

The Higgs field in turn plays an integral role

Higsovo polje, zauzvrat, ima integralnu ulogu

in our model for the weak nuclear force.

u našem modelu slabe nuklearne sile.

In particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak.

Higsovo polje nam naročito pomaže da objasnimo zašto je tako slabo.

We'll talk more about this in a later video,

Govorićemo o ovome u narednom videu,

but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,

ali, iako je teorija slabe nuklearne sile potvrđena jednačinom 1980-ih,

Higsovo polje je tako neraskidivo pomešano sa slabom silom da sve do sada

the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force, that until now

we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.

nismo bili u stanju da potvrdimo njegovo stvarno i nezavisno postojanje.

JG: Or here's a video that I made

DžG: Ovo je video koji sam napravio

as part of my show "Crash Course," talking about World War I:

kao deo moje emisije „Ubrzani kurs”, gde govorim o Prvom svetskom ratu:

(Video) The immediate cause was of course the assassination in Sarajevo

(Video) Neposredan uzrok je bio, naravno, atentat u Sarajevu

of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

na austrijskog nadvojvodu Franca Ferdinanda,

on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.

28. juna 1914. od strane bosansko-srpskog nacionaliste po imenu Gavrilo Princip.

Quick aside: It's worth noting

Kratka napomena: važno je naglasiti

that the first big war of the twentieth century began

da je prvi veliki rat u XX veku

with an act of terrorism.

počeo terorističkim činom.

So Franz Ferdinand wasn't particularly well-liked

Dakle, Franca Ferdinanda nije naročito voleo

by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph -- now that is a mustache!

njegov ujak, car Franc Jozef - e, to su brkovi!

But even so, the assassination led Austria to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,

No uprkos tome, atentat je naveo Austriju da Srbiji postavi ultimatum,

whereupon Serbia accepted some, but not all, of Austria's demands,

gde je Srbija prihvatila neke, ali ne sve austrijske zahteve,

leading Austria to declare war against Serbia.

što je dovelo do toga da Austrija proglasi rat Srbiji.

And then Russia, due to its alliance with the Serbs, mobilized its army.

Potom je Rusija, zbog svog savezništva sa Srbima, mobilisala vojsku.

Germany, because it had an alliance with Austria,

Nemačka, jer je bila u savezu s Austrijom,

told Russia to stop mobilizing,

tražila je od Rusije da se povuče,

which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army,

što je Rusija odbila, pa je Nemačka mobilisala sopstvenu vojsku,

declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,

proglasila rat Rusiji, zacementirala savez sa Otomanima

and then declared war on France, because, you know, France.

i potom objavila rat Francuskoj jer znate, to je Francuska.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And it's not just physics and world history

A ljudi ne biraju samo fiziku i istoriju sveta

that people are choosing to learn through YouTube.

da uče preko Jutjuba.

Here's a video about abstract mathematics.

Evo snimka o apstraktnoj matematici.

(Video) So you're me, and you're in math class yet again,

(Video) Dakle, vi ste ja i opet ste na času matematike

because they make you go every single day.

jer vas teraju da idete baš svaki dan.

And you're learning about, I don't know, the sums of infinite series.

I učite o, šta znam, zbiru beskonačnih nizova.

To je srednjoškolska tema, zar ne?

That's a high school topic, right?

To je neobično, jer je to strava tema, ali nekako uspevaju da je unište.

Which is odd, because it's a cool topic, but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.

Zato valjda i dopuštaju da beskonačni nizovi uđu u plan rada.

So I guess that's why they allow infinite series in the curriculum.

Pa, u prilično razumljivoj potrebi za odvlačenjem pažnje, žvrljate

So, in a quite understandable need for distraction, you're doodling

and thinking more about what the plural of "series" should be

i razmišljate dodatno o tome koja bi množina bila od „niz”

umesto o temi koja je pred vama: nizovi, nizi i niske?

than about the topic at hand: "serieses," "seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"

Ili bi jednina mogla da se promeni u niska: jedna niska ili nizak.

Or is it that the singular should be changed: one "serie," or "serum,"

baš kao što bi jednina od „sveske” trebalo da bude svezak.

just like the singular of "sheep" should be "shoop."

But the whole concept of things

Ali čitav koncept stvari,

like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on approaches one, is useful if, say,

da se 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/16 i tako dalje bliži jedinici, koristan je, recimo,

you want to draw a line of elephants,

ako želite da nacrtate red slonova,

each holding the tail of the next one:

gde svaki drži rep narednog:

normal elephant, young elephant, baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,

normalan slon, mladi slon, beba slon, slon veličine psa,

slon veličine kučeta, sve do gosp. Kljovice i dalje.

puppy-sized elephant, all the way down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.

Što je bar malo strava,

Which is at least a tiny bit awesome,

because you can get an infinite number of elephants in a line,

jer možete da imate beskonačan broj slonova u nizu,

a da i dalje stanu na jednu stranicu sveske.

and still have it fit across a single notebook page.

DžG: I ovo je Destin iz: „Svakog dana sve pametniji”,

JG: And lastly, here's Destin, from "Smarter Every Day,"

on govori o očuvanju momenta impulsa

talking about the conservation of angular momentum,

i, kako je to Jutjub, o mačkama:

and, since it's YouTube, cats:

(Video) Hey, it's me, Destin. Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."

(Video) Hej, ja sam, Destin. Dobro došli u „Svakog dana sve pametniji”.

Dakle, verovatno ste primetili da se mačke gotovo uvek dočekaju na noge.

So you've probably observed that cats almost always land on their feet.

Today's question is: why?

Danas se pitamo: zašto je to tako?

Like most simple questions, there's a very complex answer.

Kao i na većinu prostih pitanja, odgovor je veoma složen.

For instance, let me reword this question:

Na primer, da preformulišem pitanje:

How does a cat go from feet-up to feet-down in a falling reference frame,

Kako da mačka pređe iz stava šapa gore u šapa dole u referentnom sistemu pada,

without violating the conservation of angular momentum?

a da ne ugrozi očuvanje momenta impulsa?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

JG: So, here's something all four of these videos have in common:

DžG: Dakle, evo šta sva ova četiri videa imaju zajedničko:

They all have more than half a million views on YouTube.

svi imaju preko pola miliona pregleda na Jutjubu.

And those are people watching not in classrooms,

A ljudi to gledaju, ne zbog škole,

but because they are part of the communities of learning

već zato što su deo zajednice učenika

that are being set up by these channels.

koja se okuplja oko ovih kanala.

And I said earlier that YouTube is like a classroom to me,

Rekao sam ranije da je Jutjub za mene poput učionice

and in many ways it is, because here is the instructor --

i na razne načine i jeste jer imate predavača -

it's like the old-fashioned classroom: here's the instructor,

to je poput staromodne učionice: imate predavača,

and then beneath the instructor are the students,

a ispod predavača su đaci

and they're all having a conversation.

i svi oni raspravljaju.

And I know that YouTube comments have a very bad reputation

Znam da komentari na Jutjubu imaju lošu reputaciju

in the world of the Internet,

u svetu interneta,

but in fact, if you go on comments for these channels,

ali zapravo, ako pogledate komentare na ovim kanalima,

what you'll find is people engaging the subject matter,

pronaći ćete ljude kako se bave određenom problematikom,

asking difficult, complicated questions that are about the subject matter,

postavljaju teška, komplikovana pitanja koja se tiču te problematike,

and then other people answering those questions.

a onda im drugi ljudi odgovaraju na ta pitanja.

And because the YouTube page is set up so that the page in which I'm talking to you

I zato što je Jutjub stranica podešena tako da kada razgovaram s vama

is on the exact -- the place where I'm talking to you is on the exact same page

to je tačno - mesto na kom razgovaram s vama je tačno na istoj strani

as your comments,

kao i vaši komentari,

you are participating in a live and real and active way in the conversation.

vi učestvujete uživo i stvarno i aktivno u razgovoru.

And because I'm in comments usually, I get to participate with you.

I kako sam i ja obično na komentarima, mogu da učestvujem s vama.

And you find this whether it's world history,

A ovo ćete pronaći, bilo na istoriji sveta

or mathematics, or science, or whatever it is.

ili na matematici ili nauci ili bilo gde drugo.

You also see young people using the tools and the sort of genres of the Internet

Takođe ćete videti mlade kako koriste alate i, nazovimo to žanrovima interneta,

in order to create places for intellectual engagement,

kako bi stvorili mesta za intelektualni angažman,

instead of the ironic detachment

nasuprot ironijskom otklonu

that maybe most of us associate with memes and other Internet conventions --

koji većina nas vezuje za mime i ostale internet konvencije -

you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."

znate: „Bilo mu dosadno. Izmislio proračun.”

Or, here's Honey Boo Boo criticizing industrial capitalism:

Ili, evo kako Hani Bu Bu kritikuje industrijski kapitalizam:

["Liberal capitalism is not at all the Good of humanity.

["Liberalni kapitalizam uopšte nije ljudsko dobro.

Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle of savage, destructive nihilism."]

Baš naprotiv; to je sredstvo divljeg, destruktivnog nihilizma."]

U slučaju da ne vidite šta govori... da.

In case you can't see what she says ... yeah.

I really believe that these spaces,

Zaista verujem da su ovi prostori,

these communities, have become for a new generation of learners,

ove zajednice postale za nove generacije učenika,

the kind of communities, the kind of cartographic communities

one zajednice, one kartografske zajednice

that I had when I was in high school, and then again when I was in college.

čiji sam ja bio član dok sam išao u srednju školu i kasnije na fakultet.

And as an adult, re-finding these communities

I kao odraslog, ponovno pronalaženje ovih zajednica

has re-introduced me to a community of learners,

me je nanovo uvelo u zajednicu učenika

and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood,

i ohrabrilo me je da nastavim da budem učenik čak i kao odrastao,

so that I no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young.

tako da više nemam osećaj da je učenje rezervisano za mlade.

Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me

Vaj Hart i "Jednominutna fizika" su mi predstavili

to all kinds of things that I didn't know before.

razne stvari za koje ranije nisam znao.

And I know that we all hearken back

I znam da svi mi osluškujemo

to the days of the Parisian salon in the Enlightenment,

dane persijskih salona iz prosvetiteljstva

or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish,

ili Algonkvinski okrugli sto i čeznemo:

"Oh, I wish I could have been a part of that,

"Eh, da smo samo bili deo toga,

I wish I could have laughed at Dorothy Parker's jokes."

da smo se samo mogli smejati šalama Doroti Parker."

But I'm here to tell you that these places exist, they still exist.

Ali ja sam tu da vam kažem da ta mesta i dalje postoje, još su tu.

They exist in corners of the Internet, where old men fear to tread.

Postoje u zabitima interneta gde starci strahuju da nogom kroče.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I truly, truly believe that when we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,

I ja zaista, zaista verujem da kada smo izmislili Aglo u Njujorku, 1960-ih,

when we made Agloe real, we were just getting started.

kada smo realizovali Aglo, samo smo se zagrevali.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)