Paper towns and why learning is awesome | John Green

Prevoditelj: Sonja Žarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

This is a map of New York State

Ovo je karta države New York

that was made in 1937 by the General Drafting Company.

koju je izradila 1937. godine tvrtka General Drafting.

It's an extremely famous map among cartography nerds,

Ova karta je jako slavna među kartografskim štreberima,

because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains,

zato što ovdje u podnožju planina Catskill,

there is a little town called Roscoe --

postoji mali grad imena Roscoe --

actually, this will go easier if I just put it up here --

zapravo, ovo će ići lakše ako ju prikažemo ovdje gore --

There's Roscoe, and then right above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,

Ovdje je Roscoe, a točno iznad Roscoea je Rockland, New York,

and then right above that is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.

a točno iznad toga je maleni gradić Agloe, New York.

Agloe, New York, is very famous to cartographers,

Agloe, New York, je veoma slavan među kartografima,

because it's a paper town.

zato što je grad na papiru.

It's also known as a copyright trap.

Također je poznat kao zamka autorskog prava.

Mapmakers -- because my map of New York and your map of New York

Izrađivači karata -- zato što će moja i vaša karta New Yorka

are going to look very similar, on account of the shape of New York --

izgledati veoma slično, zbog samog oblika New Yorka --

often, mapmakers will insert fake places onto their maps,

izdrađivači karata bi često ubacili lažna mjesta na svoje karte,

in order to protect their copyright.

da bi zaštitili svoje autorsko pravo.

Because then, if my fake place shows up on your map,

Onda, kad bi se moje lažno mjesto pojavilo na tvojoj karti,

I can be well and truly sure that you have robbed me.

mogao bih biti siguran da si me pokrao.

Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials of the two guys who made this map,

Agloe je škrabotina inicijala dvojice tipova koji su napravili ovu kartu,

Ernest Alpers and Otto [G.] Lindberg,

Ernest Alpers i Otto G. Linberg,

and they released this map in 1937.

koji su pustili ovu kartu u javnost 1937.

Decades later, Rand McNally releases a map

Desetljeća kasnije, Rand McNally predstavlja kartu

with Agloe, New York, on it, at the same exact intersection

sa Agloeom, New York, na njoj, na istom križanju

of two dirt roads in the middle of nowhere.

dva zemljana puta usred ničega.

Well, you can imagine the delight over at General Drafting.

Možete zamisliti ushićenje u General Draftingu.

They immediately call Rand McNally, and they say,

Odmah su nazvali Randa McNallyja, i rekli,

"We've caught you! We made Agloe, New York, up.

"Uhvatili smo te! Mi smo izmislili Agloe, New York.

It is a fake place. It's a paper town.

To je lažno mjesto. Grad na papiru.

We're going to sue your pants off!"

Tužit ćemo te!"

And Rand McNally says, "No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."

Rand McNally im je odgovorio, "Ne, ne, ne, Agloe je stvaran."

Because people kept going to that intersection of two dirt roads --

Zato što su ljudi nastavili posjećivati to križanje te dvije ceste --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

in the middle of nowhere, expecting there to be a place called Agloe --

usred ničega, očekujući tamo mjesto imena Agloe --

someone built a place called Agloe, New York.

netko je sagradio mjesto i nazvao ga Agloe, New York.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

It had a gas station, a general store, two houses at its peak.

Imalo je benzinsku pumpu, trgovinu, dvije kuće najviše.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And this is of course a completely irresistible metaphor to a novelist,

Ovo je naravno romanopiscima potpuno neodoljiva metafora,

because we would all like to believe that the stuff that we write down on paper

jer bi svatko od nas volio vjerovati da ono što zapišemo na papir

can change the actual world in which we're actually living,

zaista može promijeniti svijet u kojem živimo,

which is why my third book is called "Paper Towns".

zato se moja treća knjiga zove "Gradovi na papiru".

But what interests me ultimately more than the medium in which this happened,

Ono što me još više zanima od medija na kojem se ovo dogodilo,

is the phenomenon itself.

je fenomen sam po sebi.

It's easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of the world, right?

Lako je reći da svijet oblikuje naše karte svijeta, jel tako?

Like the overall shape of the world is obviously going to affect our maps.

Kao što sveukupni oblik svijeta očito utječe na naše karte.

But what I find a lot more interesting is the way

Ono što je mnogo zanimljivije je način

that the manner in which we map the world changes the world.

na koji mapiramo svijet, mijenja taj isti svijet.

Because the world would truly be a different place if North were down.

Zato što bi svijet zaista bio drukčije mjesto da je sjever dolje.

And the world would be a truly different place

Svijet bi bio zaista drukčije mjesto

if Alaska and Russia weren't on opposite sides of the map.

da Aljaska i Rusija nisu na suprotnim stranama karte.

And the world would be a different place

I svijet bi bio drukčije mjesto

if we projected Europe to show it in its actual size.

kada bi prikazivali Europu u stvarnoj veličini.

The world is changed by our maps of the world.

Svijet se mijenja zajedno sa našim mapiranjem istoga.

The way that we choose -- sort of, our personal cartographic enterprise,

Način koji smo izabrali -- djelomično, naš osobni kartografski poduhvat,

also shapes the map of our lives,

također oblikuje karte naših života,

and that in turn shapes our lives.

a to naposlijetku oblikuje naše živote.

I believe that what we map changes the life we lead.

Vjerujem da ono što mapiramo mijenja život koji vodimo.

And I don't mean that in some, like, secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,

I ne mislim to kao u tajnovitom, Oprah Angels mreže tipa,

you-can-think-your-way- out-of-cancer sense.

možeš-mislima-zaustaviti-rak smislu.

But I do believe that while maps don't show you where you will go in your life,

Ali vjerujem da iako karte ne pokazuju gdje ćeš u životu sljedeće ići,

they show you where you might go.

one pokazuju gdje bi mogao ići.

You very rarely go to a place that isn't on your personal map.

Rijetko idete na mjesta koje nisu na vašoj osobnoj karti.

So I was a really terrible student when I was a kid.

Bio sam zaista loš učenik kad sam bio dijete.

My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.

Prosjek mi je uvijek bio niska trojka.

And I think the reason that I was such a terrible student

Mislim da je razlog mojim lošim ocjenama

is that I felt like education was just a series of hurdles

bilo to što mi se obrazovanje uvijek činilo kao niz prepreka

that had been erected before me,

koje je netko postavio pred mene,

and I had to jump over in order to achieve adulthood.

i ja moram sve preskočiti da bih postigao odraslost.

And I didn't really want to jump over these hurdles,

A ja nisam baš htio preskakati ove prepreke,

because they seemed completely arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,

zato što su izgledale potpuno proizvoljne, i tako često ni ne bih,

and then people would threaten me, you know,

pa su mi ljudi prijetili, znate,

they'd threaten me with this "going on [my] permanent record,"

prijetili su mi sa, "ovo ti ide u trajni zapis,"

or "You'll never get a good job."

ili "Nikad nećeš naći dobar posao."

I didn't want a good job!

Ja nisam ni htio dobar posao!

As far as I could tell at eleven or twelve years old,

Koliko sam mogao vidjeti sa jedanaest, ili dvanaest godina,

like, people with good jobs woke up very early in the morning,

ljudi sa dobrim poslovima se ustaju vrlo rano ujutro,

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

and the men who had good jobs, one of the first things they did

a muškarci koji imaju dobre poslove, prva stvar koju naprave

was tie a strangulation item of clothing around their necks.

je da zavežu odjevni predmet za vješanje oko vratova.

They literally put nooses on themselves,

Doslovno stavljaju omču na sebe,

and then they went off to their jobs, whatever they were.

i onda odlaze na svoje poslove, što god to bilo.

That's not a recipe for a happy life.

To nije recept za sretan život.

These people -- in my, symbol-obsessed, twelve year-old imagination --

Ovi ljudi -- u mojoj, simbolima opsjednutoj dvanaestogodišnjoj mašti --

these people who are strangling themselves

ti ljudi koji su sami sebe vješali

as one of the first things they do each morning,

među prvim stvarima koje naprave svako jutro,

they can't possibly be happy.

oni nikako ne mogu biti sretni.

Why would I want to jump over all of these hurdles

Zašto bih uopće htio preskakati sve te prepreke

and have that be the end?

i tako završiti?

That's a terrible end!

To je užasan završetak!

And then, when I was in tenth grade, I went to this school,

A onda, kad sam išao u deseti razred, išao sam u tu školu,

Indian Springs School, a small boarding school,

Indian Spring školu, mali internat,

outside of Birmingham, Alabama.

izvan Birminghama u Alabami.

And all at once I became a learner.

I odjednom sam postao učenik.

And I became a learner, because I found myself

A postao sam učenik, jer sam se našao

in a community of learners.

u zajednici učenika.

I found myself surrounded by people

Našao sam se okružen ljudima

who celebrated intellectualism and engagement,

koji su slavili intelektualizam i angažman,

and who thought that my ironic oh-so-cool disengagement

i koji su mislili da moja ironična tako-cool nezainteresiranost

wasn't clever, or funny,

nije pametna, ili smiješna,

but, like, it was a simple and unspectacular response

nego je jednostavan i neosobit odgovor

to very complicated and compelling problems.

na veome složene i nesavladive probleme.

And so I started to learn, because learning was cool.

Tako da sam i ja počeo učiti, jer je učenje bilo cool.

I learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinite sets,

Naučio sam da su neki beskonačni nizovi veći od drugih beskonačnih nizova,

and I learned that iambic pentameter is and why it sounds so good to human ears.

naučio sam što je jampski pentametar i zašto zvuči tako dobro ljudskim ušima.

I learned that the Civil War was a nationalizing conflict,

Naučio sam da je Građanski rat bio nacionalizacijski sukob,

I learned some physics,

naučio sam nešto fizike,

I learned that correlation shouldn't be confused with causation --

naučio sam da korelaciju ne treba miješati sa kauzalnošću --

all of these things, by the way,

sve ove stvari, usput,

enriched my life on a literally daily basis.

su obogatile moj život doslovno na dnevnoj bazi.

And it's true that I don't use most of them for my "job,"

Istina je da ih većinu ne koristim u svom poslu,

but that's not what it's about for me.

ali to kod mene ni nije bitno.

It's about cartography.

Radi se o kartografiji.

What is the process of cartography?

Kako ide kartografski proces?

It's, you know, sailing upon some land, and thinking,

Jedrite nekom zemljom i mislite,

"I think I'll draw that bit of land,"

"Mislim da ću nacrtati taj komad zemlje,"

and then wondering, "Maybe there's some more land to draw."

i pitate se, "Ima li možda još zemlje za nacrtati."

And that's when learning really began for me.

I tada je učenje zaista započelo za mene.

It's true that I had teachers that didn't give up on me,

Istina je da sam imao učitelje koji nisu odustajali od mene,

and I was very fortunate to have those teachers,

i veoma sam sretan što sam imao takve učitelje,

because I often gave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me.

često sam im davao povoda da pomisle da se ne isplati ulagati u mene.

But a lot of the learning that I did in high school

No, većina učenja tijekom srednje škole

wasn't about what happened inside the classroom,

nije bila vezana uz ono što se događa u učionici,

it was about what happened outside of the classroom.

nego ono što se događa izvan nje.

For instance, I can tell you

Na primjer, mogu vam reći

that "There's a certain Slant of light, Winter Afternoons --

"Ima neka svetlost U zimsko popodne, koja --

That oppresses, like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes --"

Tišti kao u katedrali Teret poja."

not because I memorized Emily Dickinson in school

ne zato što sam učio napamet Emily Dickinson u školi

when I was in high school,

kad sam bio u srednjoj školi,

but because there was a girl when I was in high school,

nego zato što je postojala jedna djevojka u srednjoj školi,

and her name was Amanda, and I had a crush on her,

i ime joj je bilo Amanda, i bio sam zaljubljen u nju,

and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.

i ona je voljela poeziju Emily Dickinson.

The reason I can tell you what opportunity cost is,

Razlog zašto vam mogu reći što je oportunitetni trošak,

is because one day when I was playing Super Mario Kart on my couch,

je zato što sam jedan dan igrao Super Mario Kart na sofi,

my friend Emmet walked in, and he said,

i moj prijatelj Emmet je ušao i rekao,

"How long have you been playing Super Mario Kart?"

"Koliko dugo već igraš Super Mario Kart?"

And I said, "I don't know, like, six hours?" and he said,

Rekao sam, "Ne znam, možda, šest sati?", a on je rekao,

"Do you realize that if you'd worked at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,

"Znaš, da si radio u Baskin-Robbinsu tih šest sati,

you could have made 30 dollars, so in some ways,

mogao si zaraditi 30 dolara, tako da si na neki način,

you just paid thirty dollars to play Super Mario Kart."

upravo platio 30 dolara za igranje Super Mario Kart."

And I was, like, "I'll take that deal."

A ja na to, "Dobra pogodba!"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But I learned what opportunity cost is.

Ali sam naučio što je oportunitetni trošak.

And along the way, the map of my life got better.

A putem se, karta moga života poboljšala.

It got bigger; it contained more places.

Povećala se; sadržavala više mjesta.

There were more things that might happen,

Pojavilo se više stvari koje se mogu dogoditi,

more futures I might have.

više budućnosti koje mogu imati.

It wasn't a formal, organized learning process,

To nije bio službeni, organizirani proces učenja,

and I'm happy to admit that.

i sretan sam što to mogu priznati.

It was spotty, it was inconsistent, there was a lot I didn't know.

Bilo je nedosljedno, nestalno, i mnogo toga nisam znao.

I might know, you know, Cantor's idea

Mogao sam znati, Kantorovu ideju

that some infinite sets are larger than other infinite sets,

da su neki beskonačni nizovi veći od drugih beskončnih nizova,

but I didn't really understand the calculus behind that idea.

no nisam uistinu razumio računicu iza te ideje.

I might know the idea of opportunity cost,

Mogao sam znati ideju oportunitetnog troška,

but I didn't know the law of diminishing returns.

ali nisam znao zakon opadajućih prinosa.

But the great thing about imagining learning as cartography,

Sjajna stvar kod zamišljanja učenja kao kartografije,

instead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles

je što umjesto da ih zamišljate kao proizvoljne prepreke

that you have to jump over,

koje morate preskočiti,

is that you see a bit of coastline, and that makes you want to see more.

vidite djelić obale, te želite vidjeti još više.

And so now I do know at least some of the calculus

I sada znam makar malo matematike

that underlies all of that stuff.

koja je temelj svih tih stvari.

So, I had one learning community

Dakle, imao sam zajednicu za učenje

in high school, then I went to another for college,

u srednjoj školi, onda sam krenuo na fakultet,

and then I went to another,

i onda sam išao na drugi,

when I started working at a magazine called "Booklist,"

i onda sam počeo raditi za časopis imena "Booklist",

where I was an assistant, surrounded by astonishingly well-read people.

gdje sam bio asistent, okružen zadivljujuće načitanim ljudima.

And then I wrote a book.

A onda sam napisao knjigu.

And like all authors dream of doing,

I kao što svi autori sanjaju,

I promptly quit my job.

dao sam otkaz.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And for the first time since high school,

Po prvi puta nakon srednje škole,

I found myself without a learning community, and it was miserable.

našao sam se bez zajednice za učenje, i bilo je očajno.

I hated it.

Mrzio sam to.

I read many, many books during this two-year period.

Pročitao sam jako mnogo knjiga u razdoblju od dvije godine.

I read books about Stalin,

Pročitao sam knjige o Staljinu,

and books about how the Uzbek people came to identify as Muslims,

knjige o kako su se Uzbeci identificirali kao Muslimani,

and I read books about how to make atomic bombs,

i o tome kako napraviti atomsku bombu,

but it just felt like I was creating my own hurdles,

ali sam se osjećao kao da sam sebi stvaram prepreke,

and then jumping over them myself, instead of feeling the excitement

i onda ih preskačem umjesto da osjećam ushićenje

of being part of a community of learners, a community of people

što sam dio zajednice za učenje, zajednice ljudi

who are engaged together in the cartographic enterprise

koji su zajedno uključeni u kartografski poduhvat

of trying to better understand and map the world around us.

boljeg razumijevanja i mapiranja svijeta oko nas.

And then, in 2006, I met that guy.

A onda, 2006. godine, sam sreo tog tipa.

His name is Ze Frank.

Njegovo ime je Ze Frank.

I didn't actually meet him, just on the Internet.

Nisam ga zaista sreo, samo na internetu.

Ze Frank was running, at the time, a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"

Ze Frank je vodio, u to vrijeme, program imena "Program sa Ze Frankom,"

and I discovered the show,

ja sam otkrio taj program,

and that was my way back into being a community learner again.

i to je bio moj put natrag u zajednicu za učenje opet.

Here's Ze talking about Las Vegas:

Ovdje Ze govori o Las Vegasu:

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas was built in the middle of a huge, hot desert.

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas je izgrađen usred ogromne, vruće pustinje.

Almost everything here was brought from somewhere else --

Skoro sve ovdje je doneseno sa nekog drugog mjesta --

the sort of rocks, the trees, the waterfalls.

vrste kamena, stabala, vodopadi.

These fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew.

Ove ribe pripada ovdje jednako kao svinje koje lete.

Contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds this place,

U suprotnosti sa spaljujućom pustinjom koja okružuje ovo mjesto,

so are these people.

su i ovi ljudi.

Things from all over the world have been rebuilt here, away from their histories,

Stvari iz svih dijelova svijeta su ovdje sagrađene, daleko od njihovih povijesti,

and away from the people that experience them differently.

i daleko od ljudi koji ih drukčije doživljavaju.

Sometimes improvements were made -- even the Sphinx got a nose job.

Ponekad su i poboljšane -- čak je i Sfinga imala operaciju nosa.

Here, there's no reason to feel like you're missing anything.

Ovdje, nema razloga da se osjećate kao da nešto propuštate.

This New York means the same to me as it does to everyone else.

Ovaj New York meni znači isto što svima ostalima.

Everything is out of context, and that means context allows for everything:

Sve je izvan konteksta, a to znači da kontekst dopušta sve:

Self Parking, Events Center, Shark Reef.

Samostalno parkiranje, centar događanja, greben morskih pasa.

This fabrication of place could be one of the world's greatest achievements,

Ovo izmišljeno mjesto bi moglo biti jedno od najvećih ljudskih postignuća,

because no one belongs here; everyone does.

zato što ovdje nitko ne pripada; a opet svi pripadaju.

As I walked around this morning, I noticed most of the buildings

Dok sam šetao jutros, primjetio sam da je većina zgrada

were huge mirrors reflecting the sun back into the desert.

ogromno zrcalo koje reflektira sunce natrag u pustinju.

But unlike most mirrors,

Ali za razliku od drugih zrcala,

which present you with an outside view of yourself embedded in a place,

koja vam odražavaju vanjski pogled sebe uključenog u mjesto,

these mirrors come back empty.

ova zrcala vraćaju praznoću.

John Green: Makes me nostalgic for the days

John Green: Vraća mi se nostalgija za danima

when you could see the pixels in online video.

kad su se vidjeli pikseli na online videu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Ze isn't just a great public intellectual, he's also a brilliant community builder,

Ze nije samo sjajan javni intelektualac, već i genijalni osnivač zajednica,

and the community of people that built up around these videos

a zajednica ljudi koja se stvorila oko ovih snimaka

was in many ways a community of learners.

je u mnogo čemu zajednica učenika.

So we played Ze Frank at chess collaboratively, and we beat him.

Tako da smo igrali sa Ze Frankom šah, i u suradnji ga pobijedili.

We organized ourselves to take a young man on a road trip across the United States.

Organizirali smo se da jedan mladić krene na put po SAD-u.

We turned the Earth into a sandwich,

Pretvorili smo Zemlju u sendvič,

by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the Earth,

tako da je jedna osoba držala komad kruha u jednoj točki na Zemlji,

and on the exact opposite point of the Earth,

a točno na suprotnoj točki Zemlje,

have another person holding a piece of bread.

je druga osoba držala drugi komad kruha.

I realize that these are silly ideas, but they are also "learny" ideas,

Shvaćam da su to smiješne ideje, ali su također ideje koje potiču učenje,

and that was what was so exciting to me,

a to je ono što je meni toliko uzbudljivo

and if you go online, you can find communities like this all over the place.

i ako odete na internet, možete pronaći ovakve zajednice svugdje.

Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr,

Pratite oznaku calculus na Tumblru,

and yes, you will see people complaining about calculus,

i da, vidjet ćete ljude koji se žale na matematiku,

but you'll also see people re-blogging those complaints,

ali ćete, također, naći i ljude koji odgovaraju na takve prigovore,

making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful,

argumentirajući da je matematika zanimljiva i predivna,

and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable.

a i evo i načina da razmislite o problemima koje smatrate nerješivima.

You can go to places like Reddit, and find sub-Reddits,

Možete otići na stranice kao Reddit, i naći pod-Reddite,

like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science,"

kao što su "Pitaj povjesničara" ili "Pitaj znanost"

where you can ask people who are in these fields

gdje možete pitati ljude koji se bave tim područjima

a wide range of questions,

velik broj pitanja,

from very serious ones to very silly ones.

od vrlo ozbiljni do onih vrlo luckastih.

But to me, the most interesting communities of learners

Ali za mene, najzanimljivija zajednica za učenje

that are growing up on the Internet right now are on YouTube,

koja se upravo širi na Internetu je na Youtubeu,

and admittedly, I am biased.

i priznajem, pristran sam.

But I think in a lot of ways, the YouTube page resembles a classroom.

Ali mislim da na mnogo načina, Youtube stranica sliči na učionicu.

Look for instance at "Minute Physics,"

Pogledajte na primjer "Minute Physics"

a guy who's teaching the world about physics:

tip koji uči svijet o fizici:

(Video) Let's cut to the chase.

(Video) Pređimo na stvar.

As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson is the last fundamental piece

4. srpnja 2012. Higgsov bozon je zadnji temeljni dio

of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally.

standardnog modela fizike čestica koji će se eksperimentalno otkriti

But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson

Ali, možete pitati, zašto je Higgsov bozon

included in the standard model,

uključen u standardni model,

alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks,

pored dobro poznatih čestica kao što su elektroni i fotoni i kvarkovi,

if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?

ako nije otkriven još 70-tih godina?

Good question. There are two main reasons.

Dobro pitanje. Postoje dva glavna razloga.

First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field,

Prvo, baš kao što je elektron pobuda elektonskog polja,

the Higgs boson is simply a particle which is an excitation

tako je i Higgsov bozon jednostavno čestica koja je pobuda

of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.

sveprožimajućeg Higgsovog polja.

The Higgs field in turn plays an integral role

Higgsovo polje igra sastavnu ulogu

in our model for the weak nuclear force.

u našem modelu za slabu nuklearnu silu.

In particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak.

Posebno, Higgsovo polje pomaže objasniti zašto je tako slaba.

We'll talk more about this in a later video,

Pričat ćemo više o tome u kasnijem videu,

but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,

ali iako je slaba nuklearna teorija potvrđena 80-tih, u jednadžbama,

the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force, that until now

Higgsovo polje je tako neraskidivo zbrkano sa slabom silom, da dosad

we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.

nismo mogli potvrditi stvarno i samostalno postojanje.

JG: Or here's a video that I made

JG: Ili ovo je moja snimka

as part of my show "Crash Course," talking about World War I:

kao dio mog programa "Crash Course" dok pričam o Drugom svjetskom ratu:

(Video) The immediate cause was of course the assassination in Sarajevo

(Video) Neposredni uzrok je, naravno, bio atentat u Sarajevu

of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

austrijskog nadvojvode Franje Ferdinanda,

on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.

28. lipnja 1914., od strane bosansko-srpskog nacionalista imena Gavrilo Princip.

Quick aside: It's worth noting

Usput: Vrijedi znati

that the first big war of the twentieth century began

da je prvi veliki rat dvadesetog stoljeća počeo

with an act of terrorism.

činom terorizma.

So Franz Ferdinand wasn't particularly well-liked

Franju Ferdinanda nije posebno volio

by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph -- now that is a mustache!

njegov ujak, car Franjo Josip -- E to su brkovi!

But even so, the assassination led Austria to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,

Svejedno, atentat je doveo do toga da Austrija izda ultimatum Srbiji,

whereupon Serbia accepted some, but not all, of Austria's demands,

gdje je Srbija prihvatila neke, ali ne sve, austrijske zahtjeve,

leading Austria to declare war against Serbia.

što je dovelo do toga da je Austrija objavila rat Srbiji.

And then Russia, due to its alliance with the Serbs, mobilized its army.

A onda je Rusija, zbog savezništva sa Srbijom, mobilizirala vojsku.

Germany, because it had an alliance with Austria,

Njemačka je, zbog savezništva sa Austrijom

told Russia to stop mobilizing,

tražila Rusiju da prestane sa mobilizacijom,

which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army,

što Rusija nije prihvatila, tako da je i Njemačka mobilizirala vojsku,

declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,

objavila rat Rusiji, učvrstila savez sa Otomanskim carstvom,

and then declared war on France, because, you know, France.

i objavila rat Francuskoj, zato što, pa to je Francuska.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And it's not just physics and world history

I nije samo fizika i svjetska povijest

that people are choosing to learn through YouTube.

ono što ljudi biraju učiti preko Youtubea.

Here's a video about abstract mathematics.

Evo videa o apstraktnoj matematici.

(Video) So you're me, and you're in math class yet again,

(Video) Vi ste ja, i opet ste na satu matematike,

because they make you go every single day.

zato što vas tjeraju da idete svaki dan.

And you're learning about, I don't know, the sums of infinite series.

I učite o, ne znam, sumi beskonačnih nizova.

That's a high school topic, right?

To je tema u srednjoj školi, jel?

Which is odd, because it's a cool topic, but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.

Što je čudno, jer je cool tema, ali ju svejedno nekako uspiju pokvariti.

So I guess that's why they allow infinite series in the curriculum.

Mislim da zato i dopuste beskončne nizove u nastavnom planu.

So, in a quite understandable need for distraction, you're doodling

Tako, zbog sasvim razumljive potrebe za zabavom, škrabate

and thinking more about what the plural of "series" should be

i mislite više o tome kako zvuči množina riječi "series"

than about the topic at hand: "serieses," "seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"

i o zadanoj temi: "serieses", "seriese," "seriesen," i "serii?"

Or is it that the singular should be changed: one "serie," or "serum,"

ili bi trebali jedninu promijeniti: "serie" ili "serum",

just like the singular of "sheep" should be "shoop."

kao što bi jednina riječi "sheep" trebala biti "shoop".

But the whole concept of things

Cijeli koncept stvari

like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on approaches one, is useful if, say,

kao što su 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 itd se približava jedinici, je koristan

you want to draw a line of elephants,

ako želite nacrtati liniju slonova,

each holding the tail of the next one:

gdje svaki drži rep sljedećeg:

normal elephant, young elephant, baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,

normalan slon, mladi slon, beba slon, slon veličine psa,

puppy-sized elephant, all the way down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.

slon veličine šteneta, sve do Mr. Tusksa i poslije.

Which is at least a tiny bit awesome,

Što je bar u neku ruku odlično,

because you can get an infinite number of elephants in a line,

zato što možete imati beskonačan broj slonova u redu,

and still have it fit across a single notebook page.

i da svejedno stanu na jednu stranicu bilježnice.

JG: And lastly, here's Destin, from "Smarter Every Day,"

JG: I naposlijetku, ovdje je Dastin, sa "Smarter Every Day",

talking about the conservation of angular momentum,

priča o očuvanju kutne količine gibanja,

and, since it's YouTube, cats:

i budući da se radi o Youtubeu, mačke:

(Video) Hey, it's me, Destin. Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."

(Video) Hej, ja sam, Dastin. Dobro došli u "Smarter Every Day"

So you've probably observed that cats almost always land on their feet.

Vjerojatno ste primjetili da se mačke uvijek dočekaju na noge.

Today's question is: why?

Današnje pitanje je: zašto?

Like most simple questions, there's a very complex answer.

Kao i kod većine jednostavnih pitanja, odgovor je vrlo složen.

For instance, let me reword this question:

Na primjer, doslovce ću ponoviti pitanje:

How does a cat go from feet-up to feet-down in a falling reference frame,

Kako se mačka okrene od noge-gore na noge-dolje u referentnog okviru pada,

without violating the conservation of angular momentum?

bez kršenja očuvanja kutne količine gibanja?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

JG: So, here's something all four of these videos have in common:

JG: Evo nešto što sva četiri videa imaju zajedničko:

They all have more than half a million views on YouTube.

Svi imaju više nego pola milijuna pogleda na Youtubeu.

And those are people watching not in classrooms,

I to su ljudi koji ne gledaju u učionicama,

but because they are part of the communities of learning

nego zato što su dio zajednice učenja

that are being set up by these channels.

koje su stvorili ovi kanali.

And I said earlier that YouTube is like a classroom to me,

Kao što sam i ranije rekao, Youtube je kao učionica za mene,

and in many ways it is, because here is the instructor --

i na mnogo načina jeste, zato što, evo predavača--

it's like the old-fashioned classroom: here's the instructor,

kao staromodna učionica: evo predavača,

and then beneath the instructor are the students,

i ispod predavača su studenti,

and they're all having a conversation.

i svi oni raspravljaju.

And I know that YouTube comments have a very bad reputation

Znam da Youtube komentari imaju vrlo lošu reputaciju

in the world of the Internet,

u svijetu interneta,

but in fact, if you go on comments for these channels,

ali ustvari, ako pogledate komentare na ovim kanalima,

what you'll find is people engaging the subject matter,

vidjet ćete da se ljudi uključuju u glavni predmet,

asking difficult, complicated questions that are about the subject matter,

ispituju teška, složena pitanja vezana uz temu,

and then other people answering those questions.

i ostali ljudi odgovaraju ta pitanja.

And because the YouTube page is set up so that the page in which I'm talking to you

Zato što je Youtube stranica tako postavljena da je stranica na kojoj pričam s vama

is on the exact -- the place where I'm talking to you is on the exact same page

na istoj -- mjesto gdje pričam s vama je na istoj stranici

as your comments,

kao i vaši komentari,

you are participating in a live and real and active way in the conversation.

sudjelujute uživo u stvarnom i aktivnom razgovoru.

And because I'm in comments usually, I get to participate with you.

Budući da sam i ja u komentarima, i ja sudjelujem sa vama.

And you find this whether it's world history,

i naći ćete to, bilo da se radi o povijesti,

or mathematics, or science, or whatever it is.

matematici, znanosti ili bilo čemu drugom.

You also see young people using the tools and the sort of genres of the Internet

Vidjet ćete mlade ljude koji koriste alate i žanrove na internetu

in order to create places for intellectual engagement,

da bi stvorili mjesta za intelektualno sudjelovanje,

instead of the ironic detachment

umjesto ironične otuđenosti

that maybe most of us associate with memes and other Internet conventions --

koju većina nas povezuju sa mimovima i ostalim internet konvencijama --

you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."

znate, "Bilo mu dosadno. Izmislio račun."

Or, here's Honey Boo Boo criticizing industrial capitalism:

Ili, evo Honey Boo Boo kritizira industijalni kapitalizam:

["Liberal capitalism is not at all the Good of humanity.

["Liberalni kapitalizam nije uopće Dobro čovječanstva.

Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle of savage, destructive nihilism."]

Baš suprotno; to je sredstvo divljaštva, destruktivnog nihilizma.]

In case you can't see what she says ... yeah.

U slučaju da ne vidite što kaže...

I really believe that these spaces,

Zaista vjerujem da ova mjesta,

these communities, have become for a new generation of learners,

ove zajednice, postaju nove generacije učenika,

the kind of communities, the kind of cartographic communities

vrsta zajednica, vrsta kartografskih zajednica

that I had when I was in high school, and then again when I was in college.

koje sam ja imao dok sam išao u srednju školu i opet na fakultetu.

And as an adult, re-finding these communities

A kad sam odrastao, ponovo nalazeći ovakve zajednice

has re-introduced me to a community of learners,

me ponovo predstavilo zajednici za učenje,

and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood,

i ohrabrilo da nastavim učiti i u odrasloj dobi,

so that I no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young.

tako da više ne osjećam kao da je učenje nešto rezervirano za mlade.

Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me

Vi Hart i "Minute Physics" me upoznalo sa

to all kinds of things that I didn't know before.

svakakvim stvarima koje nisam znao prije.

And I know that we all hearken back

Znam da svi slušamo o

to the days of the Parisian salon in the Enlightenment,

danima Pariškog salona u doba Prosvjetiteljstva,

or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish,

ili okruglom stolu Algonquin, i poželimo,

"Oh, I wish I could have been a part of that,

"Oh, da sam bar bio dio toga,

I wish I could have laughed at Dorothy Parker's jokes."

Da sam se bar mogao smijati šalama Dorothy Parker."

But I'm here to tell you that these places exist, they still exist.

Ali upravo vam govorim da takva mjesta postoje, još uvijek postoje.

They exist in corners of the Internet, where old men fear to tread.

Postoje u kutevima interneta, gdje se stariji boje kročiti.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I truly, truly believe that when we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,

I zaista, zaista vjerujem da kad smo izmislili Agloe, New York, 60-tih,

when we made Agloe real, we were just getting started.

kad smo ga učinili stvarnim, tada smo tek počinjali.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)