Paper towns and why learning is awesome | John Green

2,193,699 views ใƒป 2015-07-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: ืžื™ื›ืœ ืกืœืžืŸ ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
This is a map of New York State
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
00:14
that was made in 1937 by the General Drafting Company.
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ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1937 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜.
00:18
It's an extremely famous map among cartography nerds,
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ื–ืืช ืžืคื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืช,
00:21
because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ืจื™ ืงื˜ืกืงื™ืœ,
00:24
there is a little town called Roscoe --
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืฉืžื” ืจื•ืกืงื• - -
00:26
actually, this will go easier if I just put it up here --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื›ืืŸ - -
00:29
There's Roscoe, and then right above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,
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ื”ื ื” ืจื•ืกืงื•, ื•ืฉื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืขืœ ืจื•ืกืงื• ื ืžืฆืืช ืจื•ืงืœื ื“, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:32
and then right above that is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.
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ื•ืฉื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืœื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืื’ืœื•, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
00:36
Agloe, New York, is very famous to cartographers,
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ืื’ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืœืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื,
00:39
because it's a paper town.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ืืช ืขื™ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืจ.
00:42
It's also known as a copyright trap.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
00:44
Mapmakers -- because my map of New York and your map of New York
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ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ื™ ืžืคื•ืช - - ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืคื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื”ืžืคื” ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
00:47
are going to look very similar, on account of the shape of New York --
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ื™ื™ืจืื• ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง - -
00:51
often, mapmakers will insert fake places onto their maps,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ื™ ืžืคื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
00:56
in order to protect their copyright.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
00:57
Because then, if my fake place shows up on your map,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืคื” ืฉืœืš,
01:00
I can be well and truly sure that you have robbed me.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืช ืžืžื ื™.
01:04
Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials of the two guys who made this map,
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ื”ืฉื ืื’ืœื• ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช,
01:09
Ernest Alpers and Otto [G.] Lindberg,
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ืืจื ืกื˜ ื’.ืืœืคืจ ื•ืื•ื˜ื• ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื’,
01:12
and they released this map in 1937.
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ื•ื”ื ืคืจืกืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1937.
01:15
Decades later, Rand McNally releases a map
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืจืื ื“ ืžืงื ืœื™ ืคืจืกื ืžืคื”
01:18
with Agloe, New York, on it, at the same exact intersection
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ื•ืื’ืœื•, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฆื•ืžืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
01:22
of two dirt roads in the middle of nowhere.
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ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฆื˜ืœื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
01:26
Well, you can imagine the delight over at General Drafting.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื—ืฉื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืžืคื•ืช.
01:29
They immediately call Rand McNally, and they say,
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ื”ื ืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืœืจืื ื“ ืžืงื ืœื™, ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื•,
01:32
"We've caught you! We made Agloe, New York, up.
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"ืชืคืกื ื• ืื•ืชืš! ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืื’ืœื•, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
01:36
It is a fake place. It's a paper town.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ. ื–ืืช ืขื™ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืจ.
01:38
We're going to sue your pants off!"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื‘ืข ืื•ืชืš!"
01:41
And Rand McNally says, "No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."
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ื•ืจืื ื“ ืžืงื ืœื™ ืืžืจ, "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืื’ืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช."
01:46
Because people kept going to that intersection of two dirt roads --
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขืคืจ - -
01:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:52
in the middle of nowhere, expecting there to be a place called Agloe --
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืื’ืœื• - -
01:56
someone built a place called Agloe, New York.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืื’ืœื•, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:01
It had a gas station, a general store, two houses at its peak.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืชื—ื ืช ื“ืœืง, ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืื•.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:07
And this is of course a completely irresistible metaphor to a novelist,
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ื•ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืกื•ืคืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”
02:12
because we would all like to believe that the stuff that we write down on paper
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ
02:16
can change the actual world in which we're actually living,
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
02:19
which is why my third book is called "Paper Towns".
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ".
02:21
But what interests me ultimately more than the medium in which this happened,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:26
is the phenomenon itself.
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ื–ืืช ืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.
02:29
It's easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of the world, right?
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ื–ื” ืงืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืขืฆื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืืช ืžืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:33
Like the overall shape of the world is obviously going to affect our maps.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:38
But what I find a lot more interesting is the way
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
02:41
that the manner in which we map the world changes the world.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:45
Because the world would truly be a different place if North were down.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื˜ื”.
02:50
And the world would be a truly different place
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”
02:52
if Alaska and Russia weren't on opposite sides of the map.
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ืื ืืœืกืงื” ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื”.
02:55
And the world would be a different place
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”
02:57
if we projected Europe to show it in its actual size.
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ืืžืชื™.
03:01
The world is changed by our maps of the world.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•
03:06
The way that we choose -- sort of, our personal cartographic enterprise,
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื - -ื ื’ื™ื“, ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:11
also shapes the map of our lives,
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ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ืžืคืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:13
and that in turn shapes our lives.
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ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:16
I believe that what we map changes the life we lead.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืคื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื.
03:20
And I don't mean that in some, like, secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœ...ื ื’ื™ื“, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืจื”,
03:25
you-can-think-your-way- out-of-cancer sense.
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ื›ืžื•, ืืชื”-ื™ื›ื•ืœ-ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘-ืืช-ื“ืจื›ืš-ื•ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื-ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ.
03:28
But I do believe that while maps don't show you where you will go in your life,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืคื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืจืื•ืช ืœืš ืœืืŸ ืชืœืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš,
03:34
they show you where you might go.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืจืื•ืช ืœืš ืœืืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช.
03:36
You very rarely go to a place that isn't on your personal map.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืชื” ืชืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš
03:41
So I was a really terrible student when I was a kid.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื™.
03:44
My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.
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ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”-70.
03:48
And I think the reason that I was such a terrible student
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืข
03:51
is that I felt like education was just a series of hurdles
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื
03:54
that had been erected before me,
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื™,
03:56
and I had to jump over in order to achieve adulthood.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉืชื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
04:00
And I didn't really want to jump over these hurdles,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:02
because they seemed completely arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื• ืœื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืžื ืขืชื™,
04:05
and then people would threaten me, you know,
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ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:07
they'd threaten me with this "going on [my] permanent record,"
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ืฉ"ื–ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ืฉืœื™)",
04:10
or "You'll never get a good job."
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ืื• ืฉ"ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืžืฆื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”".
04:13
I didn't want a good job!
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”!
04:15
As far as I could tell at eleven or twelve years old,
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื”,
04:17
like, people with good jobs woke up very early in the morning,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
04:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:22
and the men who had good jobs, one of the first things they did
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•
04:27
was tie a strangulation item of clothing around their necks.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ื—ื ื™ืงื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืืจื™ื’ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ.
04:31
They literally put nooses on themselves,
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื,
04:33
and then they went off to their jobs, whatever they were.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื•.
04:37
That's not a recipe for a happy life.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
04:39
These people -- in my, symbol-obsessed, twelve year-old imagination --
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” -- ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืœืื™ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื, ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” --
04:43
these people who are strangling themselves
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื—ื ื™ืงื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
04:46
as one of the first things they do each morning,
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ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
04:48
they can't possibly be happy.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
04:50
Why would I want to jump over all of these hurdles
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ืœืžื” ืฉืืจืฆื” ืœื“ืœื’ ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:53
and have that be the end?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื”?
04:55
That's a terrible end!
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ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื ื•ืจื ื•ืื™ื•ื!
04:57
And then, when I was in tenth grade, I went to this school,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื™ื•"ื“, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”,
05:00
Indian Springs School, a small boarding school,
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ืื™ื ื“ื™ืืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ืก, ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
05:03
outside of Birmingham, Alabama.
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื™ื ื’ื”ื, ืืœื‘ืžื”.
05:05
And all at once I became a learner.
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ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืœื•ืžื“.
05:08
And I became a learner, because I found myself
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืœื•ืžื“, ื›ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
05:11
in a community of learners.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื.
05:13
I found myself surrounded by people
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
05:14
who celebrated intellectualism and engagement,
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ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช,
05:18
and who thought that my ironic oh-so-cool disengagement
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ื•ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžื ื•ืชืง, ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื™
05:22
wasn't clever, or funny,
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื›ื ืื• ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
05:24
but, like, it was a simple and unspectacular response
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ืืœื, ืžืขื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืจืฉื™ื
05:27
to very complicated and compelling problems.
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ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืื•ืช.
05:30
And so I started to learn, because learning was cool.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
05:33
I learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinite sets,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื›ืžื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
05:36
and I learned that iambic pentameter is and why it sounds so good to human ears.
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืคื ื˜ืžื˜ืจ ื™ืืžื‘ื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
05:40
I learned that the Civil War was a nationalizing conflict,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืœืืžื”,
05:44
I learned some physics,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
05:45
I learned that correlation shouldn't be confused with causation --
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชืื ื•ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช --
05:48
all of these things, by the way,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
05:50
enriched my life on a literally daily basis.
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ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
05:54
And it's true that I don't use most of them for my "job,"
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”" ืฉืœื™,
05:58
but that's not what it's about for me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
06:00
It's about cartography.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”.
06:02
What is the process of cartography?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”?
06:04
It's, you know, sailing upon some land, and thinking,
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ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืจ ืืจืฅ ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:07
"I think I'll draw that bit of land,"
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"ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช",
06:09
and then wondering, "Maybe there's some more land to draw."
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ื•ืื– ืœืชื”ื•ืช, "ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ".
06:13
And that's when learning really began for me.
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ื•ืื– ืงืจื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“.
06:15
It's true that I had teachers that didn't give up on me,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœื™ื™,
06:17
and I was very fortunate to have those teachers,
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ื•ื”ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืืœื” ืžื•ืจื™ื,
06:20
because I often gave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me.
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ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื™.
06:24
But a lot of the learning that I did in high school
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:28
wasn't about what happened inside the classroom,
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ืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืชื”,
06:31
it was about what happened outside of the classroom.
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ื”ื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื™ืชื”.
06:33
For instance, I can tell you
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
06:35
that "There's a certain Slant of light, Winter Afternoons --
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ืฉ"ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจ ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืจืคื™ --
06:37
That oppresses, like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes --"
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื›ื ื›ืžื• ืขื ื‘ืœ ืคืขืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื—ื ื™ ืงืชื“ืจืœื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ --"
06:40
not because I memorized Emily Dickinson in school
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ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ืืช ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
06:43
when I was in high school,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:45
but because there was a girl when I was in high school,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื ืขืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:47
and her name was Amanda, and I had a crush on her,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ื”,
06:50
and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ.
06:52
The reason I can tell you what opportunity cost is,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช,
06:55
is because one day when I was playing Super Mario Kart on my couch,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืงืืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื” ืฉืœื™,
06:59
my friend Emmet walked in, and he said,
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืืžื˜ ื ื›ื ืก ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™,
07:00
"How long have you been playing Super Mario Kart?"
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"ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื—ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืงืืจื˜?"
07:03
And I said, "I don't know, like, six hours?" and he said,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•: "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช?" ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
07:06
"Do you realize that if you'd worked at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,
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"ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ืืกืงื™ืŸ-ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ืก ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช,
07:10
you could have made 30 dollars, so in some ways,
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— 30 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื,
07:12
you just paid thirty dollars to play Super Mario Kart."
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ืฉื™ืœืžืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื—ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืจื™ื• ืงืืจื˜"
07:15
And I was, like, "I'll take that deal."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ื›ื–ื”, "ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™".
07:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:20
But I learned what opportunity cost is.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
07:25
And along the way, the map of my life got better.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ืžืคืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืคืจื”.
07:28
It got bigger; it contained more places.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื”, ื”ื›ื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
07:31
There were more things that might happen,
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ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
07:33
more futures I might have.
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ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
07:36
It wasn't a formal, organized learning process,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ืจ,
07:39
and I'm happy to admit that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš.
07:41
It was spotty, it was inconsistent, there was a lot I didn't know.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืขืงื‘ื™, ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™.
07:44
I might know, you know, Cantor's idea
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื ื˜ื•ืจ
07:47
that some infinite sets are larger than other infinite sets,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
07:50
but I didn't really understand the calculus behind that idea.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
07:52
I might know the idea of opportunity cost,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
07:55
but I didn't know the law of diminishing returns.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ืคื•ื—ืชืช.
07:57
But the great thing about imagining learning as cartography,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”
08:00
instead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื
08:02
that you have to jump over,
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ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื“ืœื’ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื,
08:03
is that you see a bit of coastline, and that makes you want to see more.
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ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื—ื•ืฃ, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ื“.
08:07
And so now I do know at least some of the calculus
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
08:09
that underlies all of that stuff.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:11
So, I had one learning community
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื—ืช
08:13
in high school, then I went to another for college,
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ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืื—ืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื’',
08:15
and then I went to another,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช,
08:17
when I started working at a magazine called "Booklist,"
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ื‘ืฉื "ื‘ื•ืงืœื™ืกื˜",
08:19
where I was an assistant, surrounded by astonishingly well-read people.
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ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืขื•ื–ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืงืจืื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ.
08:23
And then I wrote a book.
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ื•ืื– ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
08:24
And like all authors dream of doing,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
08:27
I promptly quit my job.
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ื”ืชืคื˜ืจืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
08:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:30
And for the first time since high school,
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ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:32
I found myself without a learning community, and it was miserable.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืœื ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืœืœ.
08:37
I hated it.
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ืฉื ืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:38
I read many, many books during this two-year period.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
08:42
I read books about Stalin,
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ,
08:43
and books about how the Uzbek people came to identify as Muslims,
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ื•ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืื•ื–ื‘ืงื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืกืœืื,
08:47
and I read books about how to make atomic bombs,
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ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืคืฆืฆืช ืื˜ื•ื,
08:49
but it just felt like I was creating my own hurdles,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื,
08:52
and then jumping over them myself, instead of feeling the excitement
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ื•ืื– ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช
08:56
of being part of a community of learners, a community of people
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ืฉื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืื ืฉื™ื
09:00
who are engaged together in the cartographic enterprise
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ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™
09:03
of trying to better understand and map the world around us.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•.
09:06
And then, in 2006, I met that guy.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
09:10
His name is Ze Frank.
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ืฉืžื• ื–ื” ืคืจื ืง.
09:11
I didn't actually meet him, just on the Internet.
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืจืง ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
09:14
Ze Frank was running, at the time, a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"
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ืœื–ื” ืคืจื ืง, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืข ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืžื•ืคืข ืขื ื–ื” ืคืจื ืง"
09:19
and I discovered the show,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืคืข,
09:20
and that was my way back into being a community learner again.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
09:24
Here's Ze talking about Las Vegas:
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ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก:
09:27
(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas was built in the middle of a huge, hot desert.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื–ื” ืคืจื ืง: ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืง ื•ื—ื.
09:31
Almost everything here was brought from somewhere else --
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ--
09:34
the sort of rocks, the trees, the waterfalls.
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ื”ืกืœืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:36
These fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew.
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ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืขืฃ.
09:39
Contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds this place,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
ื›ืš ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:42
so are these people.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื‘ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
09:43
Things from all over the world have been rebuilt here, away from their histories,
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ื•ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื—ื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”.
09:47
and away from the people that experience them differently.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื-- ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืกืคื™ื ืงืก ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืืฃ.
09:50
Sometimes improvements were made -- even the Sphinx got a nose job.
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ื”ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•.
09:53
Here, there's no reason to feel like you're missing anything.
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ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
09:56
This New York means the same to me as it does to everyone else.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืงืฉืจ, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœ:
09:59
Everything is out of context, and that means context allows for everything:
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10:02
Self Parking, Events Center, Shark Reef.
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ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:04
This fabrication of place could be one of the world's greatest achievements,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืืŸ: ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ.
10:08
because no one belongs here; everyone does.
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ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
10:10
As I walked around this morning, I noticed most of the buildings
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
10:13
were huge mirrors reflecting the sun back into the desert.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช,
10:16
But unlike most mirrors,
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ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ืš ืžืจืื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื,
10:17
which present you with an outside view of yourself embedded in a place,
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ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื—ื–ืจื• ืจื™ืงื•ืช.
10:20
these mirrors come back empty.
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ: ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื
10:22
John Green: Makes me nostalgic for the days
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืื•ืŸ-ืœื™ื™ืŸ.
10:24
when you could see the pixels in online video.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:26
(Laughter)
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10:27
Ze isn't just a great public intellectual, he's also a brilliant community builder,
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง,
10:31
and the community of people that built up around these videos
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ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
10:34
was in many ways a community of learners.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื.
10:36
So we played Ze Frank at chess collaboratively, and we beat him.
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ืื– ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืคืจื ืง ืฉื— ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
10:40
We organized ourselves to take a young man on a road trip across the United States.
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ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘.
10:44
We turned the Earth into a sandwich,
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื›ืจื™ืš,
10:46
by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the Earth,
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืคืจื•ืกืช ืœื—ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:50
and on the exact opposite point of the Earth,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
10:52
have another person holding a piece of bread.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืคืจื•ืกืช ืœื—ื.
10:55
I realize that these are silly ideas, but they are also "learny" ideas,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื’ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช "ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื",
11:01
and that was what was so exciting to me,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
11:03
and if you go online, you can find communities like this all over the place.
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ื•ืื ืชื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืจืฉืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
11:07
Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr,
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ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ื™ืช calculus ื‘ืืชืจ Tumblr,
11:09
and yes, you will see people complaining about calculus,
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™,
11:11
but you'll also see people re-blogging those complaints,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืืœื” ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ
11:14
making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful,
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ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:17
and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
11:21
You can go to places like Reddit, and find sub-Reddits,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• Reddit, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื sub-Reddits,
11:24
like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science,"
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” "ืฉืืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ" ืื• "ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข",
11:26
where you can ask people who are in these fields
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:30
a wide range of questions,
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ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
11:31
from very serious ones to very silly ones.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืขื“ ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:34
But to me, the most interesting communities of learners
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:36
that are growing up on the Internet right now are on YouTube,
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ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘,
11:39
and admittedly, I am biased.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื—ื“.
11:41
But I think in a lot of ways, the YouTube page resembles a classroom.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืชื”.
11:46
Look for instance at "Minute Physics,"
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืœ "Minute Physics",
11:47
a guy who's teaching the world about physics:
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืœืžื“ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื:
11:50
(Video) Let's cut to the chase.
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืขื™ืงืจ.
ืžืื– ื”-4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™, 2012, ื‘ื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืก ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืงื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
11:52
As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson is the last fundamental piece
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11:55
of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
11:59
But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืก
12:01
included in the standard model,
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ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™,
12:02
alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks,
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ืœืฆื“ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ื•ืืจืงื™ื,
12:05
if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70?
12:08
Good question. There are two main reasons.
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ืฉืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื•ืช.
12:10
First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื,
12:13
the Higgs boson is simply a particle which is an excitation
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ื‘ื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืก ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืœืงื™ืง ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื™ืจื•ื™
12:16
of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.
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ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื™ื’ืก ื”ืžื—ืœื—ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
12:18
The Higgs field in turn plays an integral role
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื“ื” ื”ื™ื’ืก ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ืคืจื“
12:20
in our model for the weak nuclear force.
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื—ืœืฉ.
12:22
In particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื“ื” ื”ื™ื’ืก ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืœืฉ.
12:26
We'll talk more about this in a later video,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ,
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืฉ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80, ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช,
12:28
but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,
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ืฉื“ื” ื”ื™ื’ืก ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ืœืฉ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
12:32
the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force, that until now
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
12:35
we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.
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12:38
JG: Or here's a video that I made
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ื’'.ื’: ืื• ื”ื ื” ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืชื™
12:40
as part of my show "Crash Course," talking about World War I:
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœื™ "ืงื•ืจืก ืžื–ื•ืจื–" ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
12:43
(Video) The immediate cause was of course the assassination in Sarajevo
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกืจืื™ื™ื‘ื•
ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื“ื•ื›ืก ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ ืคืจื ืฅ ืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื“,
12:47
of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand,
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12:49
on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.
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ื‘-28 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™, 1914, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื•ืกื ื™-ืกืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื’ื‘ืจื™ืœื• ืคืจื™ื ืฆื™ืค.
12:53
Quick aside: It's worth noting
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ื”ืขืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ
ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื—ืœื”
12:55
that the first big war of the twentieth century began
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12:57
with an act of terrorism.
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ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
ืื– ืคืจื ืฅ ืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
12:59
So Franz Ferdinand wasn't particularly well-liked
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13:01
by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph -- now that is a mustache!
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื•, ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืคืจื ืฅ ื’'ื•ื–ืฃ-- ืื•! ื–ื” ืฉืคื ืจืื•ื™!
13:05
But even so, the assassination led Austria to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื”ืชื ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื•ื ืœืกืจื‘ื™ื”,
13:08
whereupon Serbia accepted some, but not all, of Austria's demands,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกืจื‘ื™ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”,
13:12
leading Austria to declare war against Serbia.
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ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืกืจื‘ื™ื”.
13:14
And then Russia, due to its alliance with the Serbs, mobilized its army.
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ื•ืื– ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื”.
13:18
Germany, because it had an alliance with Austria,
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ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”,
13:20
told Russia to stop mobilizing,
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ืืžืจื” ืœืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื ื™ืข,
13:21
which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืกื™ืจื‘ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื”,
13:25
declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,
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ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ืชื•ืžื ื™ื,
13:28
and then declared war on France, because, you know, France.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ืฆืจืคืช, ื›ื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฆืจืคืช.
13:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:35
And it's not just physics and world history
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
13:37
that people are choosing to learn through YouTube.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘.
13:40
Here's a video about abstract mathematics.
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ื”ื ื” ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช.
13:45
(Video) So you're me, and you're in math class yet again,
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ืื– ืืชื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื•ืืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
ื›ื™ ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืœื›ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
13:48
because they make you go every single day.
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ื•ืืชื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
13:50
And you're learning about, I don't know, the sums of infinite series.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
13:53
That's a high school topic, right?
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžื’ื ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื•.
13:55
Which is odd, because it's a cool topic, but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจืช ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
13:59
So I guess that's why they allow infinite series in the curriculum.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืืชื ืžืฉืจื‘ื˜ื™ื
14:02
So, in a quite understandable need for distraction, you're doodling
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืกื“ืจื•ืช"
14:05
and thinking more about what the plural of "series" should be
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง: "ืกื“ืจื•ืชื•ืช", "ืกื“ืจื™ื" ื•"ืกื“ืจื•ืชื™ื"?
14:08
than about the topic at hand: "serieses," "seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"
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ืื• ื”ืื ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช: ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ืกื“ืจ" ืื• ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ",
14:12
Or is it that the singular should be changed: one "serie," or "serum,"
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ "ืฆืืŸ" ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื›ื‘ืฉื”".
14:15
just like the singular of "sheep" should be "shoop."
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14:18
But the whole concept of things
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:19
like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on approaches one, is useful if, say,
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ืœืžืฉืœ 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืื ื ื’ื™ื“
ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื,
14:23
you want to draw a line of elephants,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื–ื ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•:
14:25
each holding the tail of the next one:
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14:26
normal elephant, young elephant, baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,
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ืคื™ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืคื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืคื™ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘
ื’ื•ืจ ืคื™ืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื“ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื˜ืืกืง ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ.
14:30
puppy-sized elephant, all the way down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:33
Which is at least a tiny bit awesome,
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14:34
because you can get an infinite number of elephants in a line,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ,
ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืจืช.
14:37
and still have it fit across a single notebook page.
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ื’'. ื’: ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื“ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ืž"ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ื",
14:40
JG: And lastly, here's Destin, from "Smarter Every Day,"
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ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื ืข ื–ื•ื•ื™ืชื™,
14:43
talking about the conservation of angular momentum,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘, ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื:
14:45
and, since it's YouTube, cats:
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14:46
(Video) Hey, it's me, Destin. Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."
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(ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื”ื™! ื–ื” ืื ื™ ื“ืกื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ".
ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžืช ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื.
14:50
So you've probably observed that cats almost always land on their feet.
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14:53
Today's question is: why?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื: ืžื“ื•ืข?
14:55
Like most simple questions, there's a very complex answer.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
14:58
For instance, let me reword this question:
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ:
15:00
How does a cat go from feet-up to feet-down in a falling reference frame,
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ืคื™ืœื”,
15:05
without violating the conservation of angular momentum?
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ืข ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืชื™?
15:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:09
JG: So, here's something all four of these videos have in common:
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ื’'. ื’: ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื:
15:13
They all have more than half a million views on YouTube.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘.
15:16
And those are people watching not in classrooms,
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ื•ืืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืชื•ืช,
15:19
but because they are part of the communities of learning
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
15:23
that are being set up by these channels.
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ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
15:25
And I said earlier that YouTube is like a classroom to me,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
15:28
and in many ways it is, because here is the instructor --
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš--
15:31
it's like the old-fashioned classroom: here's the instructor,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช: ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš,
15:34
and then beneath the instructor are the students,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
15:36
and they're all having a conversation.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—.
15:38
And I know that YouTube comments have a very bad reputation
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:42
in the world of the Internet,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:44
but in fact, if you go on comments for these channels,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
15:47
what you'll find is people engaging the subject matter,
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื,
15:50
asking difficult, complicated questions that are about the subject matter,
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ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
15:54
and then other people answering those questions.
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ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
15:57
And because the YouTube page is set up so that the page in which I'm talking to you
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื
16:02
is on the exact -- the place where I'm talking to you is on the exact same page
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ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง -- ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื
16:06
as your comments,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
16:07
you are participating in a live and real and active way in the conversation.
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ืืชื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื—ื™ ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ.
16:12
And because I'm in comments usually, I get to participate with you.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื™ื—ื“ ืืชื›ื.
16:16
And you find this whether it's world history,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
16:19
or mathematics, or science, or whatever it is.
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ืื• ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ืื• ืžื“ืขื™ื, ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
16:22
You also see young people using the tools and the sort of genres of the Internet
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ืืชื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
16:27
in order to create places for intellectual engagement,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืขื™ืกื•ืง ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™,
16:30
instead of the ironic detachment
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืฆื™ื ื™
16:32
that maybe most of us associate with memes and other Internet conventions --
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืžืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
16:37
you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, "ื”ืฉืชืขืžื. ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช Calculus"
16:39
Or, here's Honey Boo Boo criticizing industrial capitalism:
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ืื•, ื”ื ื” ื”ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ื• ืžื‘ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืœื‘ืจืœื™:
16:43
["Liberal capitalism is not at all the Good of humanity.
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["ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืื“ื.
16:45
Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle of savage, destructive nihilism."]
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ืื ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช...
ืœื”ื™ืคืš: ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ืœื™ื–ื
16:49
In case you can't see what she says ... yeah.
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ื”ืคืจืื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช"]
16:52
I really believe that these spaces,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
16:56
these communities, have become for a new generation of learners,
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
17:01
the kind of communities, the kind of cartographic communities
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื
17:05
that I had when I was in high school, and then again when I was in college.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
17:10
And as an adult, re-finding these communities
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ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
17:13
has re-introduced me to a community of learners,
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ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
17:16
and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
17:21
so that I no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืžื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
17:26
Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me
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ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจื˜ ื• "Minute Physics" ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื™
17:28
to all kinds of things that I didn't know before.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
17:31
And I know that we all hearken back
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
17:33
to the days of the Parisian salon in the Enlightenment,
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ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื–ืื™ ื•ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”,
17:36
or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish,
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ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ื ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
17:38
"Oh, I wish I could have been a part of that,
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"ืื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”,
17:40
I wish I could have laughed at Dorothy Parker's jokes."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ืคืจืงืจ."
17:43
But I'm here to tell you that these places exist, they still exist.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
17:48
They exist in corners of the Internet, where old men fear to tread.
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ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืš.
17:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:54
And I truly, truly believe that when we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืื’ืœื•, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60,
18:00
when we made Agloe real, we were just getting started.
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ื›ืฉื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ืื’ืœื• ืœืืžืชื™ืช, ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
18:05
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
18:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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