Paper towns and why learning is awesome | John Green

Translator: Nauka N. Prasadini Reviewer: ryan aziz

Ini peta New York

yang dibuat tahun 1937 oleh Perusahaan Perancangan Umum.

Ini adalah peta yang sangat terkenal bagi para kutu buku kartografi,

This is a map of New York State

karena tepat di bawah Pegunungan Catskill ini,

that was made in 1937 by the General Drafting Company.

terdapat kota kecil bernama Roscoe --

It's an extremely famous map among cartography nerds,

agar lebih mudah saya tampilkan di sini --

Ini Roscoe, dan di kanan atasnya ada Rockland, New York,

because down here at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains,

there is a little town called Roscoe --

dan di kanan atasnya lagi adalah kota kecil Agloe, New York.

actually, this will go easier if I just put it up here --

Agloe, New York, sangat terkenal di kalangan kartografer,

There's Roscoe, and then right above Roscoe is Rockland, New York,

karena ini kota kertas.

and then right above that is the tiny town of Agloe, New York.

Kota ini juga menjadi jebakan hak cipta.

Pembuat peta -- peta New York saya dan peta New York Anda

Agloe, New York, is very famous to cartographers,

because it's a paper town.

akan nampak sangat mirip, dalam hal rupa New York-nya --

It's also known as a copyright trap.

sering kali, mereka akan menyertakan tempat-tempat palsu ke peta mereka,

Mapmakers -- because my map of New York and your map of New York

are going to look very similar, on account of the shape of New York --

untuk melindungi hak cipta.

Karenanya, jika tempat palsu saya muncul di peta Anda,

often, mapmakers will insert fake places onto their maps,

saya percaya dan sangat yakin Anda telah mencuri peta saya.

in order to protect their copyright.

Agloe merupakan gabungan dari inisial nama dua pembuat peta ini,

Because then, if my fake place shows up on your map,

I can be well and truly sure that you have robbed me.

Ernest Alpers dan Otto G. Lindberg,

dan mereka merilis peta ini pada tahun 1937.

Agloe is a scrabblization of the initials of the two guys who made this map,

Dekade setelahnya, Rand McNally merilis sebuah peta

Ernest Alpers and Otto [G.] Lindberg,

dengan Agloe, New York, di dalamnya, di persimpangan yang sama

and they released this map in 1937.

di antara dua jalan tanah di antah berantah.

Decades later, Rand McNally releases a map

Bisa kalian bayangkan betapa bahagianya Perusahaan Perancangan Umum.

with Agloe, New York, on it, at the same exact intersection

Mereka segera menghubungi Rand McNally, dan berkata,

of two dirt roads in the middle of nowhere.

“Kami menangkap Anda! Kami yang membuat Agloe, New York.

Well, you can imagine the delight over at General Drafting.

Itu adalah tempat palsu. Kota kertas.

They immediately call Rand McNally, and they say,

Kami akan menggugat habis Anda!”

"We've caught you! We made Agloe, New York, up.

Dan Rand McNally mengatakan, “Tidak, Agloe itu nyata.”

It is a fake place. It's a paper town.

We're going to sue your pants off!"

Karena orang-orang terus melewati persimpangan dua jalan tanah itu --

And Rand McNally says, "No, no, no, no, Agloe is real."

(Tawa)

karena mengharapkan tempat bernama Agloe di antah berantah --

Because people kept going to that intersection of two dirt roads --

seseorang membangun kota bernama Agloe, New York.

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

in the middle of nowhere, expecting there to be a place called Agloe --

Kota ini punya pom bensin, toko kelontong, dan dua rumah di puncak.

(Tawa)

someone built a place called Agloe, New York.

Dan ini tentu menjadi metafora yang tak bisa diabaikan seorang novelis,

(Laughter)

It had a gas station, a general store, two houses at its peak.

karena kita ingin percaya bahwa apa yang kita tulis

(Laughter)

And this is of course a completely irresistible metaphor to a novelist,

dapat mengubah dunia yang kita tinggali,

itu mengapa buku ketiga saya berjudul “Paper Towns”.

because we would all like to believe that the stuff that we write down on paper

Tapi yang menarik bagi saya lebih dari perantara terjadinya peristiwa ini,

can change the actual world in which we're actually living,

namun fenomena itu sendiri.

which is why my third book is called "Paper Towns".

But what interests me ultimately more than the medium in which this happened,

Mudah untuk menyebut bahwa dunia membentuk peta dunia ini, bukan?

Termasuk bentuk dari dunia tentu saja akan mempengaruhi peta dunia kita.

is the phenomenon itself.

It's easy enough to say that the world shapes our maps of the world, right?

Tapi yang lebih menarik bagi saya adalah

cara kita memetakan dunia sesungguhnya mengubah dunia.

Like the overall shape of the world is obviously going to affect our maps.

Karena dunia akan sangat berbeda andai Utara ada di bawah.

But what I find a lot more interesting is the way

that the manner in which we map the world changes the world.

Dan dunia akan jadi tempat yang sangat berbeda

jika posisi Alaska dan Rusia tidak berseberangan pada peta.

Because the world would truly be a different place if North were down.

Dan dunia akan menjadi berbeda

jika kita memetakan Eropa seperti ukuran aslinya.

And the world would be a truly different place

if Alaska and Russia weren't on opposite sides of the map.

Dunia ini berubah karena peta dunia yang kita buat.

And the world would be a different place

if we projected Europe to show it in its actual size.

Cara kita memilih -- setidaknya, usaha kartografi kita,

The world is changed by our maps of the world.

juga mengubah peta kehidupan kita,

dan akhirnya, mengubah hidup kita.

The way that we choose -- sort of, our personal cartographic enterprise,

Saya percaya bahwa kita memetakan perubahan dalam hidup kita.

also shapes the map of our lives,

Maksud saya, bukan seperti jaringan rahasia Oprah’s Angels, atau

and that in turn shapes our lives.

I believe that what we map changes the life we lead.

dalam hal kau-bisa-sembuhkan- kankermu-sendiri.

Tapi saya percaya bahwa meskipun peta tak menunjukkan jalan hidup kalian,

And I don't mean that in some, like, secret-y Oprah's Angels network, like,

you-can-think-your-way- out-of-cancer sense.

dia mengarahkan kemungkinan jalannya.

But I do believe that while maps don't show you where you will go in your life,

Jarang sekali Anda akan pergi ke tempat yang tak ada di peta pribadi Anda.

Nah, saya murid yang buruk saat masih muda.

they show you where you might go.

You very rarely go to a place that isn't on your personal map.

IPK saya sering kali di bawah 2.

Dan saya rasa alasan mengapa saya adalah murid yang buruk

So I was a really terrible student when I was a kid.

adalah karena saya merasa pendidikan adalah rentetan rintangan

My GPA was consistently in the low 2s.

yang disusun khusus untuk saya,

And I think the reason that I was such a terrible student

dan saya harus melompati semuanya untuk mencapai kedewasaan.

is that I felt like education was just a series of hurdles

Saya tak ingin melompati rintangannya,

karena itu sewenang-wenang, jadi saya sering tak melewatinya,

that had been erected before me,

and I had to jump over in order to achieve adulthood.

dan orang-orang sering mengancam saya,

mereka mengancam ini “akan tercatat di rekam jejak [saya],”

And I didn't really want to jump over these hurdles,

atau “Kau tak punya karir mapan.”

because they seemed completely arbitrary, so I often wouldn't,

Saya tak mau karir mapan!

and then people would threaten me, you know,

Setahu saya, saat berusia sebelas atau dua belas tahun,

they'd threaten me with this "going on [my] permanent record,"

orang-orang berkarir mapan harus bangun sangat pagi.

or "You'll never get a good job."

(Tawa)

I didn't want a good job!

Dan salah satu hal pertama yang para pria berkarir mapan lakukan

As far as I could tell at eleven or twelve years old,

like, people with good jobs woke up very early in the morning,

adalah menyimpul pakaian mencekik di leher mereka.

(Laughter)

and the men who had good jobs, one of the first things they did

Mereka memasang jerat di leher mereka,

lalu pergi ke tempat kerja mereka, entah di mana.

was tie a strangulation item of clothing around their necks.

Itu bukan resep hidup bahagia.

They literally put nooses on themselves,

Orang-orang ini -- dalam imajinasi penuh simbol umur 12 tahun saya --

and then they went off to their jobs, whatever they were.

mencekik diri mereka sendiri

That's not a recipe for a happy life.

sebagai bagian dari rutinitas mereka tiap pagi,

These people -- in my, symbol-obsessed, twelve year-old imagination --

tak mungkin mereka bahagia.

Mengapa saya harus melompati semua rintangan ini

these people who are strangling themselves

dan menjadikan itu tujuan akhir saya?

as one of the first things they do each morning,

Itu akhir yang buruk!

they can't possibly be happy.

Lalu, saat kelas sepuluh, saya bersekolah di sekolah ini,

Why would I want to jump over all of these hurdles

Indian Springs School, sebuah sekolah asrama kecil

and have that be the end?

di luar Birmingham, Alabama.

That's a terrible end!

Dan seketika, saya menjadi pelajar.

And then, when I was in tenth grade, I went to this school,

Indian Springs School, a small boarding school,

Dan karena menjadi pelajar, saya menemukan diri

di tengah komunitas pelajar.

outside of Birmingham, Alabama.

Saya dikelilingi oleh mereka

And all at once I became a learner.

yang merayakan intelektualisme dan partisipasi,

And I became a learner, because I found myself

dan siapa sangka bahwa ketidaktarikan saya yang keren dan ironis ini

in a community of learners.

I found myself surrounded by people

tidaklah cerdik, atau lucu,

who celebrated intellectualism and engagement,

tapi, ternyata, respons yang sederhana dan biasa

and who thought that my ironic oh-so-cool disengagement

terhadap masalah yang sangat rumit dan menarik.

wasn't clever, or funny,

Jadi saya mulai belajar, karena belajar itu keren.

but, like, it was a simple and unspectacular response

Saya tahu ada himpunan tak terbatas yang lebih dari himpunan lainnya,

to very complicated and compelling problems.

dan saya belajar apa itu pentameter iambik dan mengapa terdengar indah.

And so I started to learn, because learning was cool.

Saya belajar bahwa Perang Saudara adalah konflik yang menyatukan,

I learned that some infinite sets are bigger than other infinite sets,

saya belajar fisika,

and I learned that iambic pentameter is and why it sounds so good to human ears.

Saya belajar bahwa korelasi berbeda dengan sebab-akibat --

I learned that the Civil War was a nationalizing conflict,

ngomong-ngomong, semua ini

memperkaya kehidupan saya dari segala bidang.

I learned some physics,

I learned that correlation shouldn't be confused with causation --

Dan memang benar saya tak memakai sebagian besarnya untuk “pekerjaan” saya,

all of these things, by the way,

tapi bukan itu artinya bagi saya.

enriched my life on a literally daily basis.

Ini tentang kartografi.

Bagaimana proses kartografi itu?

And it's true that I don't use most of them for my "job,"

Seperti, yah, berlayar ke pulau-pulau, dan berpikir,

but that's not what it's about for me.

“Aku akan menggambar daratan itu,”

It's about cartography.

dan bertanya-tanya, “Mungkin ada daratan-daratan lain untuk digambar.”

What is the process of cartography?

It's, you know, sailing upon some land, and thinking,

Dan di situ proses belajar dimulai bagi saya.

Benar, saya diajari guru yang pantang menyerah,

"I think I'll draw that bit of land,"

and then wondering, "Maybe there's some more land to draw."

dan saya sangat beruntung diajari oleh mereka,

karena saya sering membuat mereka berpikir bahwa tak ada alasan lagi untuk mengajar.

And that's when learning really began for me.

It's true that I had teachers that didn't give up on me,

Tetapi, banyak pelajaran yang saya pelajari saat SMA

and I was very fortunate to have those teachers,

bukan tentang apa yang terjadi di dalam ruang kelas,

because I often gave them cause to think there was no reason to invest in me.

melainkan apa yang terjadi di luar kelas.

But a lot of the learning that I did in high school

Misalnya, saya bisa berucap

bahwa “Ada Secercah cahaya, di Sore Musim Dingin --

wasn't about what happened inside the classroom,

Yang menindas, seperti Beratnya Melodi Katedral --”

it was about what happened outside of the classroom.

ini bukan karena saya hapal Emily Dickinson di sekolah

For instance, I can tell you

that "There's a certain Slant of light, Winter Afternoons --

ketika saya SMA,

tapi karena ada gadis di SMA saya,

That oppresses, like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes --"

namanya Amanda, dan saya menaksir dia,

not because I memorized Emily Dickinson in school

dan dia suka puisi Emily Dickinson.

when I was in high school,

Alasan mengapa saya tahu tentang biaya peluang,

but because there was a girl when I was in high school,

karena suatu hari saat saya memainkan Super Mario Kart di sofa,

and her name was Amanda, and I had a crush on her,

and she liked Emily Dickinson poetry.

teman saya, Emmet, masuk, berkata,

The reason I can tell you what opportunity cost is,

“Berapa lama kamu main Super Mario Kart?”

Dan saya jawab, “Entah, mungkin enam jam?” dan dia berkata,

is because one day when I was playing Super Mario Kart on my couch,

“Kau sadar kalau kau bekerja di Baskin-Robbins selama enam jam,

my friend Emmet walked in, and he said,

"How long have you been playing Super Mario Kart?"

kau menghasilkan 30 dolar, jadi sebenarnya,

And I said, "I don't know, like, six hours?" and he said,

kau membayar 30 dolar hanya untuk Super Mario Kart.”

"Do you realize that if you'd worked at Baskin-Robbins those six hours,

dan saya berkata, “Aku terima tawaran itu.”

(Tawa)

you could have made 30 dollars, so in some ways,

Tapi saya belajar tentang biaya peluang.

you just paid thirty dollars to play Super Mario Kart."

And I was, like, "I'll take that deal."

Dan seiring waktu berjalan, peta hidup saya kian membaik.

(Laughter)

But I learned what opportunity cost is.

Peta itu meluas; punya tempat-tempat baru.

Ada banyak hal yang akan terjadi,

And along the way, the map of my life got better.

masa depan baru yang saya akan jalani.

It got bigger; it contained more places.

Ini bukan proses belajar yang formal dan tertata,

There were more things that might happen,

dan saya senang bisa mengakuinya.

more futures I might have.

Itu berlubang dan tak konsisten, banyak yang saya tak ketahui.

It wasn't a formal, organized learning process,

Saya mungkin -- Anda tahu, gagasan Cantor

bahwa ada himpunan tak terhingga di atas himpunan terhingga,

and I'm happy to admit that.

It was spotty, it was inconsistent, there was a lot I didn't know.

tapi saya tak begitu paham tentang perhitungan ide itu.

I might know, you know, Cantor's idea

Saya mungkin paham soal biaya peluang,

tapi saya tak tahu soal hukum imbalan menurun.

that some infinite sets are larger than other infinite sets,

Tapi yang menyenangkan dari membayangkannya seperti kartografi,

but I didn't really understand the calculus behind that idea.

alih-alih membayangkannya seperti rintangan

I might know the idea of opportunity cost,

yang harus Anda lompati,

but I didn't know the law of diminishing returns.

adalah Anda bisa melihat garis pantainya, dan Anda mau melihatnya lagi.

But the great thing about imagining learning as cartography,

Dan kini saya tahu sebagian dari ilmu kalkulus

instead of imagining it as arbitrary hurdles

yang mendasari semuanya.

that you have to jump over,

is that you see a bit of coastline, and that makes you want to see more.

Jadi, saya punya komunitas belajar

saat SMA, dan yang lainnya saat berkuliah,

And so now I do know at least some of the calculus

dan juga yang lainnya,

saat saya bekerja untuk majalah bernama “Booklist,”

that underlies all of that stuff.

So, I had one learning community

di mana saya jadi asisten dan dikelilingi orang yang suka membaca.

in high school, then I went to another for college,

Lalu saya menulis buku.

and then I went to another,

Dan seperti impian semua penulis,

when I started working at a magazine called "Booklist,"

saya berhenti dari pekerjaan saya.

where I was an assistant, surrounded by astonishingly well-read people.

(Tawa)

Dan untuk pertama kalinya sejak SMA,

And then I wrote a book.

And like all authors dream of doing,

saya menemukan diri saya tanpa komunitas belajar, dan itu menyedihkan.

I promptly quit my job.

Saya membencinya.

(Laughter)

And for the first time since high school,

Saya membaca banyak buku dalam periode dua tahun ini.

I found myself without a learning community, and it was miserable.

Saya membaca buku tentang Stalin,

dan buku tentang bagaimana orang Uzbek menyebut diri sebagai Muslim,

I hated it.

I read many, many books during this two-year period.

dan buku yang berisi cara membuat bom atom,

tapi rasanya saya seperti menciptakan rintangan saya sendiri,

I read books about Stalin,

and books about how the Uzbek people came to identify as Muslims,

dan bukannya melompatinya dengan rasa semangat

and I read books about how to make atomic bombs,

karena menjadi bagian dari komunitas belajar,

but it just felt like I was creating my own hurdles,

yang terlibat bersama dalam usaha kartografi,

and then jumping over them myself, instead of feeling the excitement

berusaha lebih memahami dan memetakan dunia di sekitar kita.

of being part of a community of learners, a community of people

Dan, pada tahun 2006, saya bertemu dengan orang itu.

who are engaged together in the cartographic enterprise

Namanya Ze Frank.

Sebenarnya saya tak bertemu dia, hanya lewat internet.

of trying to better understand and map the world around us.

Ze Frank, pada saat itu, memandu acara bertajuk “The Show with Ze Frank,”

And then, in 2006, I met that guy.

His name is Ze Frank.

dan saya menemukan acara itu,

I didn't actually meet him, just on the Internet.

dan acara itu adalah jalan pulang saya menjadi pembelajar komunitas.

Ze Frank was running, at the time, a show called "The Show with Ze Frank,"

Berikut Ze membahas Las Vegas:

and I discovered the show,

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas dibangun di tengah padang gurun raksasa panas.

and that was my way back into being a community learner again.

Hampir semua hal di sini dibawa dari tempat lain --

Here's Ze talking about Las Vegas:

bebatuan, pepohonan, air terjun.

(Video) Ze Frank: Las Vegas was built in the middle of a huge, hot desert.

Ikan-ikan ini nyaris aneh seperti babi saya yang terbang.

Berbeda dengan gurun terik yang mengelilingi tempat ini,

Almost everything here was brought from somewhere else --

begitu juga mereka.

the sort of rocks, the trees, the waterfalls.

Banyak ikon seluruh dunia dibangun di sini, terlepas sejarahnya,

These fish are almost as out of place as my pig that flew.

dan jauh dari yang mengalaminya.

Contrasted to the scorching desert that surrounds this place,

Terkadang ada perbaikan -- bahkan Sphinx dioperasi hidungnya.

so are these people.

Yang Anda lihat, Anda dapat.

Things from all over the world have been rebuilt here, away from their histories,

Tak ada alasan bagi Anda merasa kehilangan sesuatu.

New York ini sama bagi saya seperti halnya bagi orang lain.

and away from the people that experience them differently.

Segalanya berada di luar konteks, dan itu berarti konteks adalah segalanya:

Sometimes improvements were made -- even the Sphinx got a nose job.

Here, there's no reason to feel like you're missing anything.

Parkir Mandiri, Gedung Acara, Terumbu Karang.

Fabrikasi tempat ini bisa jadi satu pencapaian terbesar di dunia,

This New York means the same to me as it does to everyone else.

karena tak ada pantas di sini; semua orang pantas.

Everything is out of context, and that means context allows for everything:

Saat berjalan pagi ini, saya lihat sebagian bangunan

Self Parking, Events Center, Shark Reef.

adalah cermin besar pemantul matahari ke padang pasir.

This fabrication of place could be one of the world's greatest achievements,

Tak seperti cermin biasa,

yang memantulkan bayangan Anda di suatu tempat,

because no one belongs here; everyone does.

As I walked around this morning, I noticed most of the buildings

cermin ini kosong.

JG: Membuat saya nostalgia pada masa

were huge mirrors reflecting the sun back into the desert.

di mana Anda bisa melihat piksel video daring.

But unlike most mirrors,

(Tawa)

which present you with an outside view of yourself embedded in a place,

Ze tak hanya cendekiawan yang hebat, tapi juga pencipta komunitas yang brilian,

these mirrors come back empty.

John Green: Makes me nostalgic for the days

dan komunitas yang terbentuk dari video-video ini

when you could see the pixels in online video.

(Laughter)

pada dasarnya adalah komunitas pembelajar.

Ze isn't just a great public intellectual, he's also a brilliant community builder,

Kita bermain catur melawan Ze Frank secara kolaboratif dan mengalahkannya.

and the community of people that built up around these videos

Kita menata diri, mengajak seorang pemuda melintasi Amerika Serikat.

was in many ways a community of learners.

So we played Ze Frank at chess collaboratively, and we beat him.

Kita mengubah bumi menjadi roti lapis,

dengan menyuruh seseorang memegang roti di satu sudut bumi,

We organized ourselves to take a young man on a road trip across the United States.

dan di sudut lainnya di bumi,

We turned the Earth into a sandwich,

meminta orang lain menggenggam sepotong roti.

by having one person hold a piece of bread at one point on the Earth,

Saya sadar bahwa ini adalah ide konyol, tapi juga ide yang “mudah dipelajari”,

and on the exact opposite point of the Earth,

have another person holding a piece of bread.

dan itulah yang seru bagi saya,

I realize that these are silly ideas, but they are also "learny" ideas,

jika Anda berseluncur daring, Anda akan menemukan komunitas ini di mana pun.

Ikuti tagar kalkulus di Tumblr,

dan ya, kalian akan menemukan keluhan soal kalkulus,

and that was what was so exciting to me,

and if you go online, you can find communities like this all over the place.

tapi Anda juga menemukan yang me-reblog keluhan itu,

berpendapat kalau kalkulus itu menarik dan indah,

Follow the calculus tag on Tumblr,

and yes, you will see people complaining about calculus,

dan ini adalah cara berpikir terhadap masalah yang sulit diselesaikan.

but you'll also see people re-blogging those complaints,

Anda bisa ke situs seperti Reddit, masuk ke sub-Reddit,

making the argument that calculus is interesting and beautiful,

seperti, “Tanya Sejarawan” atau “Tanya Sains,”

and here's a way in to thinking about the problem that you find unsolvable.

di mana Anda dapat bertanya pada orang yang ada di bidang-bidang ini

You can go to places like Reddit, and find sub-Reddits,

berbagai pertanyaan yang luas,

dari yang paling serius ke yang paling bodoh.

like "Ask a Historian" or "Ask Science,"

Tapi bagi saya, komunitas pelajar yang paling menarik

where you can ask people who are in these fields

dan sedang berkembang di Internet ada di YouTube,

a wide range of questions,

from very serious ones to very silly ones.

dan, saya akui, ini subjektif.

Tapi, saya rasa dengan berbagai cara, YouTube seperti sebuah ruang kelas.

But to me, the most interesting communities of learners

that are growing up on the Internet right now are on YouTube,

Tontonlah “Minute Physics” sejenak,

and admittedly, I am biased.

Pria yang mengajari dunia tentang fisika:

But I think in a lot of ways, the YouTube page resembles a classroom.

(Video) Langsung ke intinya.

Per 4 Juli 2012, boson Higgs adalah bagian fundamental terakhir

Look for instance at "Minute Physics,"

a guy who's teaching the world about physics:

dari model standar fisika partikel yang ditemukan melalui eksperimen.

(Video) Let's cut to the chase.

Mungkin Anda bertanya, kenapa boson Higgs

As of July 4, 2012, the Higgs boson is the last fundamental piece

disertakan pada model standar,

bersama partikel seperti elektron, foton, dan quark,

of the standard model of particle physics to be discovered experimentally.

jika tidak ditemukan di tahun 1970-an?

But, you might ask, why was the Higgs boson

Pertanyaan bagus. Ada dua alasan utama.

included in the standard model,

Pertama, seperti elektron yang ekstasi dari medan elektron,

alongside well-known particles like electrons and photons and quarks,

if it hadn't been discovered back then in the 1970s?

boson Higgs hanyalah partikel yang merupakan eksitasi

dari medan Higgs yang meresap ke mana pun.

Good question. There are two main reasons.

Sebaliknya, medan Higgs memainkan peran utama

First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field,

dalam model kita bagi gaya nuklir lemah.

the Higgs boson is simply a particle which is an excitation

Di sini, medan Higgs menjelaskan kenapa gaya ini sangat lemah.

of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field.

Kita bahas ini di video berikutnya,

The Higgs field in turn plays an integral role

tapi meskipun teori nuklir lemah dikonfirmasi pada 1980an, kalkulasinya,

in our model for the weak nuclear force.

In particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak.

medan Higgs bercampur aduk dengan kekuatan lemah, hingga sekarang

We'll talk more about this in a later video,

kita tak bisa mengkonfirmasi keberadaannya yang independen.

but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed in the 1980s, in the equations,

JG: Atau ini video saya

the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force, that until now

yang bagian dari acara “Crash Course,” tentang Perang Dunia I:

we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.

(Video) Penyebab langsungnya adalah tentu saja pembunuhan di Sarajevo

JG: Or here's a video that I made

oleh Adipati Agung Austria Franz Ferdinand,

as part of my show "Crash Course," talking about World War I:

pada 28 Juni 1914, oleh nasionalis Bosnia-Serbia bernama Gavrilo Princip.

(Video) The immediate cause was of course the assassination in Sarajevo

Tambahan: Perlu dicatat

bahwa perang besar pertama di abad ke-12 dimulai

of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

on June 28, 1914, by a Bosnian-Serb nationalist named Gavrilo Princip.

dengan aksi terorisme.

Franz Ferdinand memang tidak begitu disukai

oleh pamannya, kaisar Franz Joseph -- nah, itu baru namanya kumis!

Quick aside: It's worth noting

that the first big war of the twentieth century began

Meskipun begitu, pembunuhan ini membuat Austria mengultimatum Serbia,

with an act of terrorism.

So Franz Ferdinand wasn't particularly well-liked

namun Serbia menerima sebagian, tapi tak semua, permintaan Austria,

by his uncle, the emperor Franz Joseph -- now that is a mustache!

sehingga Austria mengumumkan perang melawan Serbia.

But even so, the assassination led Austria to issue an ultimatum to Serbia,

Lalu Rusia, karena aliansi dengan Serbia, menggerakkan militernya.

whereupon Serbia accepted some, but not all, of Austria's demands,

Jerman, karena aliansinya dengan Austria,

meminta Rusia untuk berhenti,

leading Austria to declare war against Serbia.

yang dilanggar oleh Rusia, sehingga German mengerahkan militernya,

And then Russia, due to its alliance with the Serbs, mobilized its army.

mendeklarasikan perang pada Rusia, menguatkan aliansi dengan Otoman.

Germany, because it had an alliance with Austria,

dan mengumumkan perang ke Prancis, karena kau tahulah, Prancis.

told Russia to stop mobilizing,

which Russia failed to do, so then Germany mobilized its own army,

(Tawa)

declared war on Russia, cemented an alliance with the Ottomans,

Dan bukan hanya fisika dan sejarah dunia

and then declared war on France, because, you know, France.

yang orang-orang ingin pelajari lewat YouTube.

(Laughter)

Berikut adalah video tentang matematika abstrak.

And it's not just physics and world history

that people are choosing to learn through YouTube.

(Video) Kau adalah aku, dan di kelas matematika,

karena kau disuruh datang tiap hari.

Here's a video about abstract mathematics.

Dan kau belajar, entahlah, jumlah deret tak terbatas.

Itu topik SMA, bukan?

(Video) So you're me, and you're in math class yet again,

Ini aneh, karena ini topik menarik, tapi entah kenapa, mereka memperburuknya.

because they make you go every single day.

Itu mungkin kenapa deret tak terbatas disertakan di kurikulum.

And you're learning about, I don't know, the sums of infinite series.

Jadi, karena terdistraksi, kau mencoret-coret kertas

That's a high school topic, right?

Which is odd, because it's a cool topic, but they somehow manage to ruin it anyway.

dan memikirkan bentuk jamak dari kata “series”

daripada topik di depan mata :“serieses,” “seriese,” “seriesen,” dan “serii?”

So I guess that's why they allow infinite series in the curriculum.

So, in a quite understandable need for distraction, you're doodling

Mengapa bentuk tunggal harus diubah: satu “serie,” atau “serum,”

and thinking more about what the plural of "series" should be

sama seperti bentuk tunggal “sheep” (domba) jadi “shoop.”

than about the topic at hand: "serieses," "seriese," "seriesen," and "serii?"

Tapi konsep seluruh hal-hal

seperti 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 dan sebagainya, berguna, misal,

Or is it that the singular should be changed: one "serie," or "serum,"

kau ingin menggambar barisan gajah

just like the singular of "sheep" should be "shoop."

masing-masing memegang ekor berikutnya:

But the whole concept of things

gajah normal, gajah muda, gajah bayi, gajah seukuran anjing,

like 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 and so on approaches one, is useful if, say,

gajah ukuran anak anjing, hingga Mr. Tusks dan lainnya.

you want to draw a line of elephants,

Yang sebenarnya sedikit mengagumkan,

each holding the tail of the next one:

karena kau dapat gajah berjumlah tak terbatas di satu baris,

normal elephant, young elephant, baby elephant, dog-sized elephant,

dan masih muat di satu halaman buku catatan.

puppy-sized elephant, all the way down to Mr. Tusks and beyond.

JG: Dan terakhir, ini Destin, dari “Smarter Every Day,”

Which is at least a tiny bit awesome,

berbicara tentang kekekalan momentum sudut,

because you can get an infinite number of elephants in a line,

juga, karena ini YouTube: kucing:

and still have it fit across a single notebook page.

(Video) Hai, aku Destin. Ini “Smarter Every Day.”

JG: And lastly, here's Destin, from "Smarter Every Day,"

Jadi mungkin kalian memerhatikan kalau kucing selalu mendarat dengan kaki mereka.

talking about the conservation of angular momentum,

Pertanyaannya: Mengapa?

and, since it's YouTube, cats:

(Video) Hey, it's me, Destin. Welcome back to "Smarter Every Day."

Seperti kebanyakan pertanyaan simpel, jawabannya sangat rumit.

Misal, biar aku ubah pertanyaannya:

So you've probably observed that cats almost always land on their feet.

Bagaimana kucing berpindah posisi kaki dari atas ke bawah dalam satu bingkai,

Today's question is: why?

Like most simple questions, there's a very complex answer.

tanpa melawan hukum kekekalan momentum sudut?

For instance, let me reword this question:

(Tawa)

How does a cat go from feet-up to feet-down in a falling reference frame,

JG: Jadi, inilah kesamaan keempat video ini:

Semuanya punya lebih dari setengah juta penonton di YouTube.

without violating the conservation of angular momentum?

(Laughter)

Dan mereka yang menonton bukan bagian dari kelas,

JG: So, here's something all four of these videos have in common:

tapi karena mereka adalah bagian dari komunitas pelajar

They all have more than half a million views on YouTube.

yang dibentuk oleh saluran-saluran ini.

And those are people watching not in classrooms,

Sebelumnya, saya bilang YouTube seperti kelas bagi saya,

but because they are part of the communities of learning

dan memang benar, karena ada instruktur --

itu seperti ruang kelas kuno: inilah instrukturnya,

that are being set up by these channels.

And I said earlier that YouTube is like a classroom to me,

dan di bawah instruktur adalah siswa,

and in many ways it is, because here is the instructor --

dan mereka saling berbincang.

Dan saya tahu bahwa komentar-komentar di Youtube punya reputasi yang amat buruk

it's like the old-fashioned classroom: here's the instructor,

and then beneath the instructor are the students,

di dunia internet,

tapi faktanya, pada kolom komentar di saluran seperti ini,

and they're all having a conversation.

And I know that YouTube comments have a very bad reputation

yang Anda temukan adalah mereka berbincang soal topiknya,

menanyakan pertanyaan sulit dan rumit tentang topik itu,

in the world of the Internet,

but in fact, if you go on comments for these channels,

dan kemudian orang lain menjawab pertanyaan mereka.

what you'll find is people engaging the subject matter,

Dan karena laman YouTube didesain sehingga tempat saya berbicara pada Anda

asking difficult, complicated questions that are about the subject matter,

tepat pada -- tempat di mana saya berbicara pada Anda adalah laman yang sama

and then other people answering those questions.

And because the YouTube page is set up so that the page in which I'm talking to you

dengan komentar Anda,

Anda berpartisipasi dalam perbincangan yang langsung, nyata, dan aktif.

is on the exact -- the place where I'm talking to you is on the exact same page

Dan karena saya dalam komentar, biasanya, saya akan ikut berpartisipasi.

as your comments,

you are participating in a live and real and active way in the conversation.

Dan Anda temui ini entah di sejarah dunia,

atau matematika, atau sains, atau apalah itu.

And because I'm in comments usually, I get to participate with you.

Anda juga akan menemukan anak muda menggunakan alat dan genre dari internet

And you find this whether it's world history,

or mathematics, or science, or whatever it is.

untuk menciptakan tempat bagi keterlibatan intelektual,

You also see young people using the tools and the sort of genres of the Internet

alih-alih pengabaian yang ironis

yang mungkin sebagian dari kita hubungkan dengan meme dan hal internet lain --

in order to create places for intellectual engagement,

Anda tahu, “Bosannya. Mending bikin kalkulus.”

instead of the ironic detachment

Atau, ada Honey Boo Boo mengkritik kapitalisme industri:

that maybe most of us associate with memes and other Internet conventions --

[“Kapitalisme liberal tak selalu tentang kebaikan umat.

you know, "Got bored. Invented calculus."

Sebaliknya; itu alat yang liar, nihilisme perusak.“]

Or, here's Honey Boo Boo criticizing industrial capitalism:

Jika Anda tak paham apa maksudnya ... Oke.

["Liberal capitalism is not at all the Good of humanity.

Saya sangat percaya bahwa ruang-ruang ini,

Quite the contrary; it is the vehicle of savage, destructive nihilism."]

komunitas ini, telah menjadi generasi pembelajar baru,

In case you can't see what she says ... yeah.

I really believe that these spaces,

suatu komunitas, suatu komunitas kartografi

these communities, have become for a new generation of learners,

yang saya punya ketika SMA, dan saya punya lagi ketika kuliah.

the kind of communities, the kind of cartographic communities

Sebagai orang dewasa, menemukan kembali komunitas seperti ini

telah mengenalkan saya kembali pada komunitas para pembelajar,

that I had when I was in high school, and then again when I was in college.

dan mendorong saya untuk terus belajar bahkan ketika dewasa,

And as an adult, re-finding these communities

has re-introduced me to a community of learners,

sehingga saya tak merasa bahwa belajar hanya untuk anak muda.

and has encouraged me to continue to be a learner even in my adulthood,

Vi Hart dan “Minute Physics” mengenalkan saya

pada berbagai hal yang tak saya tahu sebelumnya.

so that I no longer feel like learning is something reserved for the young.

Dan saya tahu kita semua mengenang

hari-hari salon Paris pada Abad Pencerahan,

Vi Hart and "Minute Physics" introduced me

to all kinds of things that I didn't know before.

atau Meja Bundar Algonquin, dan berharap,

“Oh, aku harap aku jadi bagian dari mereka,

And I know that we all hearken back

aku harap aku bisa tertawa karena lelucon Dorothy Parker.”

to the days of the Parisian salon in the Enlightenment,

Tapi saya ingin memberitahu Anda bahwa tempat seperti ini ada, mereka masih ada.

or to the Algonquin Round Table, and wish,

"Oh, I wish I could have been a part of that,

Mereka berada di pojok Internet, di mana orang tua enggan masuk ke sana.

I wish I could have laughed at Dorothy Parker's jokes."

But I'm here to tell you that these places exist, they still exist.

(Tawa)

Dan saya percaya sekali bahwa saat kita membuat Agloe, New York, pada 1960,

They exist in corners of the Internet, where old men fear to tread.

(Laughter)

saat kita membuat Agloe nyata, kita baru akan memulainya.

And I truly, truly believe that when we invented Agloe, New York, in the 1960s,

Terima kasih.

(Tepuk tangan)

when we made Agloe real, we were just getting started.

Thank you.

(Applause)