Janette Sadik-Khan: New York's streets? Not so mean any more

Prevodilac: Jelena Jevtić Lektor: Ivana Korom

The work of a transportation commissioner

Posao sekretara za saobraćaj

isn't just about stop signs and traffic signals.

nije samo u organizovanju saobraćajnih signala i znakova.

It involves the design of cities

Posao uključuje projektovanje gradova

and the design of city streets.

i planiranje gradskih ulica.

Streets are some of the most valuable resources

Ulice su jedne od najvrednijih resursa,

that a city has, and yet it's an asset

koje grad poseduje, a ipak njihove mogućnosti

that's largely hidden in plain sight.

su duboko sakrivene u gradskoj vrevi.

And the lesson from New York

Pouka iz Njujorka,

over the past six years

u poslednjih šest godina je

is that you can update this asset.

da možete osvežiti ovaj resurs.

You can remake your streets quickly, inexpensively,

Možete preurediti vaše ulice brzo, isplativo,

it can provide immediate benefits,

pružajući pogodnosti istog trenutka

and it can be quite popular.

i sve to može biti veoma popularno.

You just need to look at them a little differently.

Potrebno je samo da ih posmatrate malo drugačije.

This is important because we live in an urban age.

Ovo je važno, jer živimo u urbanom dobu.

For the first time in history,

Prvi put u istoriji,

most people live in cities,

većina ljudi živi u gradovima,

and the U.N. estimates that over the next 40 years,

UN procenjuje da će se tokom sledećIh 40 godina,

the population is going to double on the planet.

populacija udvostručiti.

So the design of cities is a key issue for our future.

Projektovanje gradova je tako ključno pitanje naše budućnosti.

Mayor Bloomberg recognized this

Gradonačelnik Blumberg je prepoznao ovo

when he launched PlaNYC in 2007.

kada je pokrenuo PlaNYC, 2007.

The plan recognized that cities

Plan priznaje i gradove kao

are in a global marketplace,

delove globalnog tržišta,

and that if we're going to continue to grow and thrive

i ako ćemo nastaviti da se uvećavamo i razvijamo

and to attract the million more people

i da privlačimo još milion ljudi

that are expected to move here,

koji će se preseliti ovde,

we need to focus on the quality of life

moramo se usredsrediti na kvalitet života

and the efficiency of our infrastructure.

i efikasnost naše infrastrukture.

For many cities, our streets have been

U mnogim gradovima, ulice su

in a kind of suspended animation for generations.

već generacijama u nekoj vrsti hibernacije.

This is a picture of Times Square in the '50s,

Ovo je slika Tajms Skvera, pedesetih godina,

and despite all of the technological innovation,

i uprkos mnogim tehnološkim dostignućima,

cultural changes, political changes,

kulturološkim i političkim promenama,

this is Times Square in 2008.

ovo je Tajms Skver, 2008.

Not much has changed in those 50 years.

Nije se mnogo promenilo u ovih 50 godina.

So we worked hard to refocus our agenda,

Radili smo naporno da prilagodimo plan,

to maximize efficient mobility,

da povećamo pokretljivost,

providing more room for buses, more room for bikes,

omogućimo više mesta za autobuse i bicikle,

more room for people to enjoy the city,

više mesta za ljude da uživaju u gradu,

and to make our streets as safe as they can be

i da bezbednost naših ulica bude maksimalna

for everybody that uses them.

za sve koji ih koriste.

We set out a clear action plan

Postavili smo jasan akcioni plan

with goals and benchmarks.

sa ciljevima i merilima.

Having goals is important,

Imati ciljeve je važno,

because if you want to change and steer the ship

jer ako želite da promenite i upravljate kormilom

of a big city in a new direction,

velikog grada,

you need to know where you're going and why.

morate znati kuda idete i zašto.

The design of a street can tell you everything

Plan jedne ulice vam može reći sve

about what's expected on it.

o tome šta se očekuje na njoj.

In this case, it's expected that you shelter in place.

U ovom slučaju, to je pronalaženje zaklona.

The design of this street is really

Plan ove ulice je zaista

to maximize the movement of cars

samo maksimalna pokretljivost atomobila,

moving as quickly as possible

kretati se što je brže moguće

from point A to point B,

od tačke A do tačke B,

and it misses all the other ways

a zanemareni su svi drugi načini

that a street is used.

na koje se ulica koristi.

When we started out, we did some early surveys

Kada smo počeli, radili smo neka istraživanja

about how our streets were used,

o tome koliko su naše ulice funkcionalne,

and we found that New York City was largely

i otkrili smo da je grad Njujork

a city without seats.

grad bez mesta za sedenje.

Pictures like this, people perched

Ovakve slike ljudi natakarenih

on a fire hydrant, not the mark of a world-class city.

na hidrante, nisu baš karakteristike svetskih gradova.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's not great for parents with kids.

Nije sjajno ni roditeljima sa decom.

It's not great for seniors. It's not great for retailers.

Nije sjajno ni za penzionere, niti za prodavce.

It's probably not good for the fire hydrants.

I verovatno nije dobro za hidrante za vodu.

Certainly not good for the police department.

Sigurno loše i za policajce.

So we worked hard to change that balance,

Mi smo zato vredno radili da promenimo takve situacije,

and probably the best example of our new approach

i najverovatnije, najbolji primer našeg novog pristupa

is in Times Square.

je upravo Tajms Skver.

Three hundred and fifty thousand people a day

350 000 ljudi dnevno

walk through Times Square,

prolazi Tajms Skverom,

and people had tried for years to make changes.

i ljudi su godinama pokušavali da nešto izmene.

They changed signals, they changed lanes,

Menjali su semafore, trake,

everything they could do to make Times Square work better.

sve što su mogli da bi Tajms Skver funkcionisao bolje.

It was dangerous, hard to cross the street.

Bilo je opasno, teško preći ulicu.

It was chaotic.

Bilo je haotično.

And so, none of those approaches worked,

Ali nijedan od ovih pristupa nije bio uspešan,

so we took a different approach, a bigger approach,

tako da smo mi primenili drugačiji, sveobuhvatan metod,

looked at our street differently.

posmatrali smo naše ulice drugačije.

And so we did a six-month pilot.

Pokušali smo sa šestomesečnim pilot programom.

We closed Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street

Zatvorili smo Brodvej od 42. do 47. ulice

and created two and a half acres

i napravili oko 0,8 hektara

of new pedestrian space.

novog prostora za pešake.

And the temporary materials are an important part

I privremeni materijali su bitan deo

of the program, because we were able to show

ovog programa, zato što smo mogli da pokažemo

how it worked.

kako je to sve funkcionisalo.

And I work for a data-driven mayor, as you probably know.

Radim za gradonačelnika koji se oslanja na podatke, kao što verovatno znate.

So it was all about the data.

Tako da je sve bilo u podacima.

So if it worked better for traffic, if it was better for mobility,

Ako je rezultat bolji za saobraćaj, bolji za pokretljivost,

if it was safer, better for business, we would keep it,

ako je bilo sigurnije, bolje za poslovanje, nastavili bismo do daljnjeg,

and if it didn't work, no harm, no foul,

a ako ne bi funkcionisalo, nema štete, nema greške,

we could put it back the way that it was,

mogli smo sve vratiti kako je bilo,

because these were temporary materials.

jer smo koristili privremene materijale.

And that was a very big part of the buy-in,

I to je bilo od velikog značaja prilikom donošenja odluke,

much less anxiety when you think that something

mnogo manje nervoze kada mislite da nešto

can be put back.

može biti vraćeno.

But the results were overwhelming.

Ali rezultati su bili rasterećujući.

Traffic moved better. It was much safer.

Sabraćaj je bio bolji. Bilo je mnogo bezbednije.

Five new flagship stores opened.

Pet novih trgovinskih lanaca je otvoreno.

It's been a total home run.

Bio je to pravi pogodak.

Times Square is now one of the top 10

Tajms Skver je sada među 10

retail locations on the planet.

najboljih trgovinskih lokacija.

And this is an important lesson,

I ovo je važna lekcija,

because it doesn't need to be a zero-sum game

jer možemo imati

between moving traffic and creating public space.

i dobar saobraćaj i javni prostor.

Every project has its surprises,

U svakom projektu ima iznenađenja,

and one of the big surprises with Times Square

i jedno veliko iznenađenje sa Tajms Skverom

was how quickly people flocked to the space.

je kako su ljudi brzo isplivali na prostor.

We put out the orange barrels,

Samo smo stavili znakove

and people just materialized immediately into the street.

i ljudi su se samo pojavili na ulici.

It was like a Star Trek episode, you know?

Bilo je isto kao epizoda Zvezdanih staza.

They weren't there before, and then zzzzzt!

Nekada ih tamo nije bilo i odjednom zzzuummm!

All the people arrived.

Ljudi su stigli.

Where they'd been, I don't know, but they were there.

Gde su bili pre, ne znam, ali tada su svi bili tamo.

And this actually posed an immediate challenge for us,

Tada je za nas usledio i jedan veliki izazov,

because the street furniture had not yet arrived.

jer klupe za sedenje još uvek nisu stigle.

So we went to a hardware store

Tako da smo otišli u prodavnicu,

and bought hundreds of lawn chairs,

i kupili na stotine baštenskih stolica,

and we put those lawn chairs out on the street.

koje smo stavili na ulicu.

And the lawn chairs became the talk of the town.

I te baštenske stolice su sada postale deo gradskih priča.

It wasn't about that we'd closed Broadway to cars.

Nije bilo bitno što smo zatvorili Brodvej za saobraćaj.

It was about those lawn chairs.

Bile su bitne baštenske stolice.

"What did you think about the lawn chairs?"

"Šta misliš o baštenskim stolicama?"

"Do you like the color of the lawn chairs?"

"Da li ti se sviđaju boje baštenskih stolica?"

So if you've got a big, controversial project,

Tako da, ako budete imali ogroman i kontroverzan projekat,

think about lawn chairs.

mislite o baštenskim stolicama.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This is the final design for Times Square,

Ovo je finalno uređenje Tajms Skvera,

and it will create a level surface,

i kao rezultat imaćemo ravnu površinu,

sidewalk to sidewalk,

trotoar do trotoara,

beautiful pavers that have studs in them

prelepu kaldrmu sa šarama,

to reflect the light from the billboards,

koje reflektuju svetlost sa bilborda

creating a great new energy on the street,

praveći potpuno novu atmosferu na ulici,

and we think it's going to really create

i mislimo de će tako nastati

a great place, a new crossroads of the world

divno mesto, nova svetska raskrsnica

that is worthy of its name.

koja je vredna svog imena.

And we will be cutting the ribbon on this,

I svečano ćemo otvoriti

the first phase, this December.

prvu fazu ovog decembra.

With all of our projects, our public space projects,

Sa svim našim projektima, koji uključuju javne površine,

we work closely with local businesses

mi blisko sarađujemo sa lokalnim trgovinama,

and local merchant groups

i lokalnim privrednim grupama,

who maintain the spaces, move the furniture,

koje održavaju prostore, premeštaju klupe,

take care of the plants.

brinu o biljkama.

This is in front of Macy's, and they were

Ovo je ispred Mejsija i oni su bili

a big supporter of this new approach,

velika podrška ovom našem novom pristupu,

because they understood that more people on foot

jer su shvatili, da više pešaka

is better for business.

znači i bolji posao.

And we've done these projects all across the city

Ovakve projekte smo radili širom grada

in all kinds of neighborhoods.

u svakakvim naseljima.

This is in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn,

Ovo je u predgrađu Bruklina,

and you can see the short leg that was there,

i možete videti jednu kratku ulicu koja je tamo

used for cars, that's not really needed.

korišćena za atomobile, ali ne i zaista potrebna.

So what we did is we painted over the street,

Tako da smo mi prefarbali ulicu,

put down epoxy gravel, and connected the triangle

stavili epoksidni šljunak, i povezali ovaj trougao

to the storefronts on Grand Avenue,

sa izlozima Velike Avenije,

created a great new public space,

praveći jedan potpuno nov javni prostor,

and it's been great for businesses

i to je bilo odlično za prodavnice

along Grand Avenue.

dužinom Velike Avenije.

We did the same thing in DUMBO, in Brooklyn,

Istu stvar smo uradili i u naselju DUMBO, u Bruklinu,

and this is one of our first projects that we did,

to je bilo među našim prvim projektima,

and we took an underutilized,

gde smo preuredili nekorišćeno,

pretty dingy-looking parking lot

prilično prljavo parkiralište,

and used some paint and planters

upotrebili boju i razne sadnice

to transform it over a weekend.

da bismo sve potpuno transformisali tokom vikenda.

And in the three years since we've implemented the project,

Nakon tri godine od sprovođenja projekta,

retail sales have increased 172 percent.

prodaja se uvećala za 172 procenata.

And that's twice that of adjacent areas in the same neighborhood.

I to je dva puta više od susednih delova istog pregrađa.

We've moved very, very quickly

Kretali smo se jako, jako brzo,

with paint and temporary materials.

sa farbom i privremenim materijalima.

Instead of waiting

Umesto čekanja

through years of planning studies

i godina planiranja i proučavanja

and computer models to get something done,

i kompjuterskih modela da bi se nešto uradilo,

we've done it with paint and temporary materials.

mi smo to završili pomoću boje i privremenih materijala.

And the proof is not in a computer model.

I dokaz nije u kompjuterskim modelima ulica.

It is in the real-world performance of the street.

Dokaz je u nastupu na pravim gradskim ulicama.

You can have fun with paint.

Možete se zabavljati sa bojama.

All told, we've created over 50 pedestrian plazas

Sve u svemu, napravili smo preko 50 pešačkih oaza

in all five boroughs across the city.

u svih pet opština širom grada.

We've repurposed 26 acres of active car lanes

Preuredili smo i oko 10 hektara aktivnih kolovoznih traka

and turned them into new pedestrian space.

i pretvorili ih u nov prostor za pešake.

I think one of the successes is in its emulation.

Mislim da je jedan od uspeha u širenju našeg programa.

You're seeing this kind of approach,

Ovakve pristupe,

since we've painted Times Square,

od kada smo počeli sređivanje Tajms Skvera,

you've seen this approach in Boston, in Chicago,

možete videti i u Bostonu, Čikagu,

in San Francisco, in Mexico City,

San Francisku, Meksiko Sitiju,

Buenos Aires, you name it.

Buenos Airesu, gde kod poželite.

This is actually in Los Angeles,

Ovde je, u stvari, Los Anđeles,

and they actually copied even the green dots

oni su čak iskopiraliI i zelene tačke

that we had on the streets.

koje mi imamo na ulicama.

But I can't underscore enough

Ono što ne mogu da naglasim dovoljno

how much more quickly this enables you to move

je koliko ovaj program omogućava mnogo brže kretanje

over traditional construction methods.

u odnosu na tradicionalne metode projektovanja.

We also brought this quick-acting approach

Mi smo, isto tako, ovakav pristup primenili

to our cycling program,

i na program za bicikliste,

and in six years turned cycling

i za šest godina pretvorili vožnju bicikla

into a real transportation option in New York.

u ozbiljan vid transporta u Njujorku.

I think it's fair to say --

Mislim de je u redu reći to -

(Applause) --

(Aplauz)

it used to be a fairly scary place to ride a bike,

nekada je ovde bilo prilično zastrašujuće voziti bicikl,

and now New York has become

a sada je Njujork

one of the cycling capitals in the United States.

jedna od prestonica biciklizma u SAD.

And we moved quickly to create an interconnected

Brzo smo se kretali da bismo napravili

network of lanes.

mrežu biciklističkih traka.

You can see the map in 2007.

Ova mapa je iz 2007. godine.

This is how it looked in 2013

Ovako izgleda u 2013. godini,

after we built out 350 miles of on-street bike lanes.

posle dodatnih 563 km traka za bicikle.

I love this because it looks so easy.

Ovo volim, jer izgleda tako lako.

You just click it, and they're there.

Samo kliknete, i eto, tu je.

We also brought new designs to the street.

Doprineli smo i novom izgledu ulica.

We created the first parking-protected bike lane

Napravljene su prve trake koje su štitile bicikliste prilikom parkiranja

in the United States.

u SAD.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We protected bikers by floating parking lanes,

Ogradili smo bicikliste trakama za parkiranje automobila

and it's been great.

i to je bilo odlično.

Bike volumes have spiked.

Broj bicikala je uvećan.

Injuries to all users, pedestrians, cyclists, drivers,

Povrede pešaka, biciklista, vozača,

are all down 50 percent.

su smanjene za 50%.

And we've built 30 miles of these protected bike lanes,

Napravili smo 48 km ovih zaštitnih biciklističkih traka,

and now you're seeing them pop up

i sada vidite kako iskrsavaju

all over the country.

svuda po državi.

And you can see here that this strategy has worked.

Ovde vidite da je ova strategija uspešna.

The blue line is the number of cyclists,

Plava linija je broj biciklista,

soaring.

rastuća.

The green line is the number of bike lanes.

Zelena je broj traka,

And the yellow line is the number of injuries,

i žuta broj povreda,

which has remained essentially flat.

koja je ostala u osnovi ravna.

After this big expansion, you've seen

Posle ovog velikog porasta, vidite

no net increase in injuries,

da nema ukupnog porasta broja povreda,

and so there is something to that axiom

i u ovom aksiomu

that there is safety in numbers.

pronalazimo sigrnost koje nam daju brojke.

Not everybody liked the new bike lanes,

Nisu se svima dopale naše nove biciklističke trake,

and there was a lawsuit and somewhat

i bilo je i tužbi i nekakve

of a media frenzy a couple years ago.

medijske pomame pre par godina.

One Brooklyn paper called this bike lane

Jedne bruklinske novine nazvale su naše biciklističke trake,

that we have on Prospect Park West

koje imamo u Bruklinu, u zapadnom Prospekt Parku,

"the most contested piece of land

"Najviše osporavano parče zemlje

outside of the Gaza Strip."

van pojasa Gaze."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And this is what we had done.

A ovo je ono što smo uradili.

So if you dig below the headlines, though,

Ako malo zagrebete ispod naslova,

you'll see that the people were far ahead of the press,

videćete da su ljudi daleko ispred štampe,

far ahead of the politicians.

daleko ispred političara,

In fact, I think most politicians would be happy

U stvari, mislim da bi većina političara bila srećna

to have those kind of poll numbers.

da ima ovoliko pristalica.

Sixty-four percent of New Yorkers support these bike lanes.

60% Njujorčana podržava naše trake za bicikle.

This summer, we launched Citi Bike,

Ovog leta, pokrenuli smo "City bike",

the largest bike share program in the United States,

najveći program iznajmljivanja bicikala u SAD,

with 6,000 bikes

sa 6000 bicikala,

and 330 stations located next to one another.

i 330 stanica poređanih jedna do druge.

Since we've launched the program,

Od kada smo pokrenuli program,

three million trips have been taken.

tri miliona vožnji je zabeleženo.

People have ridden seven million miles.

Ljudi su vozili preko 11 miliona kilometara.

That's 280 times around the globe.

To je 280 puta oko sveta.

And so with this little blue key,

I tako sa ovim malim, plavim ključem,

you can unlock the keys to the city

vi možete otključati gradske kapije

and this brand new transportation option.

i ovu potpuno novu opciju transporta.

And daily usage just continues to soar.

Upotreba bicikala iz dana u dan raste.

What has happened is the average daily ridership

Kao podatak imamo,

on the streets of New York is 36,000 people.

na ulicama Njujorka 36 000 ljudi iznajmljuje bicikle.

The high that we've had so far is 44,000 in August.

Najviše ih je bilo u avgustu, 44 000.

Yesterday, 40,000 people used Citi Bike in New York City.

Juče, 40 000 ljudi je koristilo gradski bicikl u Njujorku.

The bikes are being used six times a day.

Bicikli se u proseku koriste šest puta dnevno,

And I think you also see it in the kinds of riders

I mislim da isto možete zaključiti po izgledu vozača

that are on the streets.

koji su na ulici.

In the past, it looked like the guy on the left,

Nekada, izgledali su kao tip sa leve strane

ninja-clad bike messenger.

nindža biciklista.

And today, cyclists look

A danas, biciklisti izgledaju

like New York City looks.

kao što i Njujork izgleda.

It's diverse -- young, old, black, white,

Raznoliko - od mladih, starih, belih, crnih,

women, kids, all getting on a bike.

žena, dece, svi su na biciklima.

It's an affordable, safe, convenient way to get around.

To je dostupan, siguran, udoban način za kretanje.

Quite radical.

Prilično korenita promena.

We've also brought this approach to our buses,

Ovaj pristup smo primenili i na autobuse,

and New York City has the largest bus fleet in North America,

Njujork ima najveći broj autobusa u Severnoj Americi,

the slowest bus speeds.

i najniže brzine.

As everybody knows,

Kao što svi znaju,

you can walk across town faster

možete brže šetati gradom,

than you can take the bus.

nego kada se vozite autobusom.

And so we focused on the most congested areas

Tako da smo pažnju obratili na najzakrčenije delove

of New York City,

Njujorka,

built out six bus rapid transit lines,

otvorili šest brzih traka za autobuse,

57 miles of new speedy bus lanes.

92 km novih brzih traka.

You pay at a kiosk before you get on the bus.

Plaćate kartu na aparatu, pre ulaska u autobus.

We've got dedicated lanes that keep cars out

Napravili smo trake koje su namenjene samo autobusima

because they get ticketed by a camera

jer automobile snimaju kamere

if they use that lane,

ako koriste trake za autobuse,

and it's been a huge success.

i to je sve bilo veoma uspešno.

I think one of my very favorite moments

Jedan od meni omiljenih trenutaka,

as transportation commissioner was the day

kao gradskom sekretaru, je bio dan

that we launched Citi Bike,

kada smo pokrenuli "City bike",

and I was riding Citi Bike up First Avenue

i dok sam vozila bicikl Prvom Avenijom

in my protected bike lane,

u mojoj zaštićenoj traci,

and I looked over and I saw pedestrians

pogledala sam i videla pešake

standing safely on the pedestrian islands,

kako stoje sigurno na svojim pešačkim ostrvima,

and the traffic was flowing,

i kako saobraćaj teče,

birds were singing --

ptičice pevaju -

(Laughter) --

(Smeh) -

the buses were speeding up their dedicated lanes.

autobusi ubrzavaju svojim propisanim trakama.

It was just fantastic.

Bilo je jednostavno fantastično.

And this is how it looked six years ago.

A ovako je sve to izgledalo pre šest godina.

And so, I think that the lesson that we have

Lekcija koju smo naučili

from New York is that it's possible

na primeru Njujorka je da je moguće

to change your streets quickly,

promeniti ulice brzo,

it's not expensive, it can provide immediate benefits,

jeftino i da to može pružiti pogodnosti istog trenutka,

and it can be quite popular.

a može biti i veoma popularno.

You just need to reimagine your streets.

Samo treba da ponovo naslikate vaše ulice.

They're hidden in plain sight.

One su sakrivene negde u gradskoj vrevi.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)