Janette Sadik-Khan: New York's streets? Not so mean any more

Translator: Lorraine Teng Reviewer: Bighead Ge

The work of a transportation commissioner

交通專員嘅工作

isn't just about stop signs and traffic signals.

唔係剩係同停車牌、交通信號有關

It involves the design of cities

佢嘅工作仲包括設計城市同街道

and the design of city streets.

Streets are some of the most valuable resources

一座城市最有價值嘅資源 包括本身嘅街道

that a city has, and yet it's an asset

街道亦都係一種我哋成日睇唔到嘅資產

that's largely hidden in plain sight.

And the lesson from New York

過去六年紐約嘅經驗可以睇到

over the past six years

is that you can update this asset.

呢種資產係可以升級嘅

You can remake your streets quickly, inexpensively,

改造街道可以好快、好平

it can provide immediate benefits,

可以有即時效果

and it can be quite popular.

兼且可以係一種潮流

You just need to look at them a little differently.

你只需要換個角度去睇

This is important because we live in an urban age.

呢點好重要

因為我哋宜家生活嘅係都市年代

For the first time in history,

歷史上第一次大部分人都住喺城市

most people live in cities,

and the U.N. estimates that over the next 40 years,

聯合國估計 40 年內全球人口增加一倍

the population is going to double on the planet.

So the design of cities is a key issue for our future.

所以，城市規劃對我哋未來好關鍵

Mayor Bloomberg recognized this

彭博市長 2007 年提出紐約計畫嘅時候

when he launched PlaNYC in 2007.

佢已經意識到呢一點

The plan recognized that cities

個計畫指出

城市好似全球市場嘅商品一樣

are in a global marketplace,

and that if we're going to continue to grow and thrive

如果我哋想繼續發展、繁榮

and to attract the million more people

吸引多一百萬有意移居紐約嘅人移居

that are expected to move here,

we need to focus on the quality of life

我哋就需要關注 生活質素、基礎設施嘅效率

and the efficiency of our infrastructure.

For many cities, our streets have been

對於好多其他城市嚟講

紐約嘅街道一直都好似

in a kind of suspended animation for generations.

一部好多年前就已經停播嘅動畫片一樣

This is a picture of Times Square in the '50s,

呢個係上世紀 50 年代嘅時代廣場

and despite all of the technological innovation,

唔計科技創新、文化轉變、政治變遷

cultural changes, political changes,

this is Times Square in 2008.

呢個係 2008 年嘅時代廣場

Not much has changed in those 50 years.

呢 50 年無好大嘅變化

So we worked hard to refocus our agenda,

我哋致力將計畫重新對焦

to maximize efficient mobility,

務求提升交通效率至極致

providing more room for buses, more room for bikes,

為巴士、單車營造更多便利條件

more room for people to enjoy the city,

令街道安全到每個人都可以用

and to make our streets as safe as they can be

for everybody that uses them.

We set out a clear action plan

我哋制定咗一份清晰嘅行動規劃

有目標，有基準

with goals and benchmarks.

Having goals is important,

訂立目標係好重要

because if you want to change and steer the ship

因為如果你想改變大城市嘅發展方向

of a big city in a new direction,

you need to know where you're going and why.

你需要知道你會去邊同點解

The design of a street can tell you everything

城市佈局反映咗喺街道設計裏面

about what's expected on it.

In this case, it's expected that you shelter in place.

而喺設計裏邊

要做到行車分隔 先至令車輛可以快速行駛

The design of this street is really

to maximize the movement of cars

moving as quickly as possible

from point A to point B,

and it misses all the other ways

但咁樣，往往忽略咗街道其他用途

that a street is used.

When we started out, we did some early surveys

我哋一開始就做咗一啲早期調查

about how our streets were used,

睇下紐約街道係點樣用

and we found that New York City was largely

我哋發現紐約係無凳嘅城市

a city without seats.

Pictures like this, people perched

好似呢張相咁

啲人坐喺消防喉度

on a fire hydrant, not the mark of a world-class city.

完全唔係世界級城市應有嘅模樣

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It's not great for parents with kids.

對有小朋友嘅父母唔好

It's not great for seniors. It's not great for retailers.

對老人家唔好

對零售商唔好

It's probably not good for the fire hydrants.

對消防喉都唔好

Certainly not good for the police department.

更加唔好講警察要成日要拉人

So we worked hard to change that balance,

所以我哋努力解決呢樣嘢

and probably the best example of our new approach

可能新方法嘅最好證明 就係時代廣場

is in Times Square.

Three hundred and fifty thousand people a day

每日平均有 35 萬人經過嗰度

walk through Times Square,

and people had tried for years to make changes.

但啲人好多年前就已經想改變一下

They changed signals, they changed lanes,

佢哋換路牌，改行車線

everything they could do to make Times Square work better.

用盡一切方法搞好時代廣場

It was dangerous, hard to cross the street.

但事與願違

過馬路既危險，又難，又混亂

It was chaotic.

And so, none of those approaches worked,

呢啲方法一啲都無用

so we took a different approach, a bigger approach,

所以我哋用另一種方法 規模更加大嘅方法

looked at our street differently.

用第二個角度睇街道

And so we did a six-month pilot.

我哋花六個月做事前研究

We closed Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street

我哋由 42 街至到 47 街封閉 Broadway

and created two and a half acres

劃出新嘅 2.5 英畝嘅行人專用區

of new pedestrian space.

And the temporary materials are an important part

臨時工程物料係成個計劃 好重要嘅一部分

of the program, because we were able to show

因為我哋可以用佢嚟了解運作過程

how it worked.

And I work for a data-driven mayor, as you probably know.

你哋可能都知，市長非常重視數據

So it was all about the data.

所以，呢個實驗係數據話事

So if it worked better for traffic, if it was better for mobility,

如果新做法可以改善交通、車流、安全

if it was safer, better for business, we would keep it,

對商業有益

我哋可以繼續用

and if it didn't work, no harm, no foul,

但如果冇效、冇害

we could put it back the way that it was,

我哋可以將街道回復返以前嘅樣

because these were temporary materials.

因為呢啲工程物料只係暫時

And that was a very big part of the buy-in,

就好似買嘢一樣

much less anxiety when you think that something

唔要啲嘢可以擺返去，咁就冇傷肝啦

can be put back.

But the results were overwhelming.

但實驗結果係壓倒性

Traffic moved better. It was much safer.

交通改善咗，路面更加安全

Five new flagship stores opened.

五間新旗艦店進駐

It's been a total home run.

我哋一次徹徹底底勝利

Times Square is now one of the top 10

今日，時代廣場係 全球前十名嘅零售集中地

retail locations on the planet.

And this is an important lesson,

今次係好重要嘅經驗

because it doesn't need to be a zero-sum game

因為交通同公共空間之間 再唔係零和遊戲

between moving traffic and creating public space.

Every project has its surprises,

每個工程項目都有自己嘅驚喜所在

and one of the big surprises with Times Square

而時代廣場咁多個驚喜入邊

was how quickly people flocked to the space.

其中一個就係 啲人好快佔用咗個空間

We put out the orange barrels,

我哋一移走橙色水桶

and people just materialized immediately into the street.

人就湧入條街

It was like a Star Trek episode, you know?

好似 Star Trek 裏面嘅情節

They weren't there before, and then zzzzzt!

啲人之前都唔係度

突然間全部人都出現

All the people arrived.

Where they'd been, I don't know, but they were there.

我唔知佢哋之前喺邊

但喺嗰一刻，佢哋就出現啦

And this actually posed an immediate challenge for us,

不過咁樣有個問題

because the street furniture had not yet arrived.

因為街上設施仲未送到

So we went to a hardware store

於是乎我哋去一間園藝用品店

and bought hundreds of lawn chairs,

買咗幾百張草坪凳

and we put those lawn chairs out on the street.

我哋將草坪凳裝設喺街上

And the lawn chairs became the talk of the town.

草坪凳於是成為人討論嘅話題

It wasn't about that we'd closed Broadway to cars.

封路唔係重點

It was about those lawn chairs.

重點係嗰啲草坪凳

"What did you think about the lawn chairs?"

「你覺得啲凳點呀？ 」

"Do you like the color of the lawn chairs?"

「你鐘唔鐘意凳嘅顏色？ 」

So if you've got a big, controversial project,

所以如果你手上有 一個大型、富爭議嘅計劃

think about lawn chairs.

就諗下嗰啲草坪凳啦

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

This is the final design for Times Square,

呢個係時代廣場嘅最終設計

and it will create a level surface,

佢會有一個平嘅地面

sidewalk to sidewalk,

成塊地都係平嘅

beautiful pavers that have studs in them

水晶裝飾會加設喺地板之間

to reflect the light from the billboards,

咁樣可以反射廣告燈箱嘅光

creating a great new energy on the street,

為成條街道帶嚟一份新活力

and we think it's going to really create

我哋覺得呢種設計令到哋方好靚

a great place, a new crossroads of the world

係世界新嘅靚景，名不虛傳咁靚

that is worthy of its name.

And we will be cutting the ribbon on this,

今年 12 月

the first phase, this December.

我哋會為第一階段嘅施工剪綵

With all of our projects, our public space projects,

所有工程、公共空間項目 我哋都有同本地公司

we work closely with local businesses

商人保持密切合作

and local merchant groups

who maintain the spaces, move the furniture,

佢哋打理空間、植物，搬動設施

take care of the plants.

This is in front of Macy's, and they were

呢度係梅西百貨前面

a big supporter of this new approach,

梅西百貨係我哋今次項目 一個重大支持者

because they understood that more people on foot

因為佢哋意識到行人越多，生意越好

is better for business.

And we've done these projects all across the city

宜家我哋已經喺成個城市做咗呢啲項目

in all kinds of neighborhoods.

This is in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn,

呢度係布魯克林嘅 Bed-Stuy

and you can see the short leg that was there,

你可以睇到有畀車用嘅短柱係度

used for cars, that's not really needed.

但其實支柱冇需要

So what we did is we painted over the street,

所以我哋油曬成條街

put down epoxy gravel, and connected the triangle

用環氧樹脂鋪路

將三角形行人島同 Grand Avenue 嘅商店連埋一齊

to the storefronts on Grand Avenue,

created a great new public space,

形成一個新嘅公共空間

and it's been great for businesses

空間有利 Grand Avenue 嘅舖頭做生意

along Grand Avenue.

We did the same thing in DUMBO, in Brooklyn,

喺布魯克林嘅 DUMBO 我哋做咗同樣嘅嘢

and this is one of our first projects that we did,

呢個係我哋一個早期項目

and we took an underutilized,

我哋用油漆同花盆

pretty dingy-looking parking lot

and used some paint and planters

用一個禮拜改造 一個污糟、廢置嘅停車場

to transform it over a weekend.

And in the three years since we've implemented the project,

項目實行三年內

retail sales have increased 172 percent.

嗰度嘅零售額提高咗 172%

And that's twice that of adjacent areas in the same neighborhood.

係同區嘅兩倍

We've moved very, very quickly

利用油漆同物料，我哋嘅進展好快

with paint and temporary materials.

Instead of waiting

與其我哋花幾年慢慢規劃

through years of planning studies

and computer models to get something done,

電腦慢慢模擬

we've done it with paint and temporary materials.

我哋倒不如切實咁 用油漆同臨時物料完成佢

And the proof is not in a computer model.

因為方法可唔可行嘅證據 唔喺電腦模型入邊

It is in the real-world performance of the street.

而係喺現實街道

You can have fun with paint.

咁樣仲可以同油漆玩遊戲添

All told, we've created over 50 pedestrian plazas

我哋係紐約 5 個區總共設立咗 50 個新嘅行人專用區

in all five boroughs across the city.

We've repurposed 26 acres of active car lanes

我哋將 26 英畝嘅馬路變成行人路

and turned them into new pedestrian space.

I think one of the successes is in its emulation.

我認為我哋成功嘅其中一個原因

就係帶動模仿風氣

You're seeing this kind of approach,

自從我哋改造時代廣場之後

since we've painted Times Square,

你周圍都可以見到改善工程

you've seen this approach in Boston, in Chicago,

無論喺波士頓、芝加哥

in San Francisco, in Mexico City,

三藩市、墨西哥城

Buenos Aires, you name it.

定係布宜諾斯艾利斯

This is actually in Los Angeles,

你講得出嘅都有

呢度係洛杉磯

and they actually copied even the green dots

佢哋連我哋街上面嘅綠點都抄埋

that we had on the streets.

But I can't underscore enough

或者我要好好強調

how much more quickly this enables you to move

相比傳統建築方法

新方法可以令到交通變得好快

over traditional construction methods.

We also brought this quick-acting approach

我哋仲將呢種快趣嘅方法 應用到我哋嘅單車項目裏邊

to our cycling program,

and in six years turned cycling

我哋六年就已經將單車

into a real transportation option in New York.

變成紐約一種交通工具

I think it's fair to say --

呢樣係我可以光明正大咁講

(Applause) --

（掌聲）

it used to be a fairly scary place to ride a bike,

以前紐約踩單車都幾危險

and now New York has become

但係宜家紐約已經變成

one of the cycling capitals in the United States.

全美其中一個單車城市

And we moved quickly to create an interconnected

所以我哋之後好快鋪設咗單車徑網絡

network of lanes.

You can see the map in 2007.

呢份係 2007 年嘅地圖

This is how it looked in 2013

而 2013 年就係咁樣

after we built out 350 miles of on-street bike lanes.

我哋已經興建咗 350 英里長嘅單車徑

I love this because it looks so easy.

我好鐘意呢個，因為佢望落去好簡單

You just click it, and they're there.

襟一襟滑鼠，佢哋就出現

We also brought new designs to the street.

我哋仲有新嘅街道設計

We created the first parking-protected bike lane

美國第一條單車泊位 有保安措施嘅單車徑

in the United States.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

We protected bikers by floating parking lanes,

我哋升起泊位保護單車

and it's been great.

效果非常之好

Bike volumes have spiked.

單車數目急升

Injuries to all users, pedestrians, cyclists, drivers,

對於所有人

包括行人、踩單車嘅人同司機

are all down 50 percent.

受傷機會都跌咗一半

And we've built 30 miles of these protected bike lanes,

同時我哋起咗 30 英里 有保安措施嘅單車徑

and now you're seeing them pop up

all over the country.

And you can see here that this strategy has worked.

宜家你喺全美國都可以見到 呢啲單車徑起緊

The blue line is the number of cyclists,

呢度，你可以睇到我哋嘅措施有效

soaring.

代表踩單車人數嘅藍色線不停上升

The green line is the number of bike lanes.

綠色線表示單車徑嘅數目

And the yellow line is the number of injuries,

黃色線表示受傷人數

which has remained essentially flat.

受傷人數基本上無點變

After this big expansion, you've seen

你會發現係咁大型嘅擴建之後

no net increase in injuries,

受傷人數無增加到

and so there is something to that axiom

所以事實話畀我哋聽，安全一直喺度

that there is safety in numbers.

Not everybody liked the new bike lanes,

只係唔係每個人都鐘意新單車徑

and there was a lawsuit and somewhat

幾年前曾經有過一宗訴訟引起媒體關注

of a media frenzy a couple years ago.

One Brooklyn paper called this bike lane

一份布魯克林報紙曾經將

that we have on Prospect Park West

我哋喺 Prospect Park West 嘅單車徑

"the most contested piece of land

叫做「 加沙地帶以外 最受爭議嘅土地 」

outside of the Gaza Strip."

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And this is what we had done.

呢啲就係我哋做嘅嘢

So if you dig below the headlines, though,

所以，如果你繼續讀落去

you'll see that the people were far ahead of the press,

你會發現民眾係走喺傳媒同政客之前

far ahead of the politicians.

In fact, I think most politicians would be happy

我覺得大部分政客 見到呢啲調查結果都好開心

to have those kind of poll numbers.

Sixty-four percent of New Yorkers support these bike lanes.

64% 紐約人支持呢啲單車徑

This summer, we launched Citi Bike,

今個夏天，我哋落實咗城市單車系統

the largest bike share program in the United States,

全美最大嘅單車租用系統

with 6,000 bikes

我哋有 6000 部單車

and 330 stations located next to one another.

同 330 個分佈得好近嘅單車站

Since we've launched the program,

自從計劃開始

three million trips have been taken.

使用人次已經達到 300 萬

People have ridden seven million miles.

使用里程達到 700 萬英里

That's 280 times around the globe.

足以圍繞地球 280 圈

And so with this little blue key,

就係呢條細嘅藍色鎖匙

you can unlock the keys to the city

你可以踩單車去市區

and this brand new transportation option.

And daily usage just continues to soar.

日常使用率持續上升

What has happened is the average daily ridership

每日平均喺紐約街上踩單車嘅人數

on the streets of New York is 36,000 people.

已經達到三萬六千人

The high that we've had so far is 44,000 in August.

最高試過八月份四萬四千人

Yesterday, 40,000 people used Citi Bike in New York City.

琴日已經有四萬人 用紐約城市單車系統

The bikes are being used six times a day.

每架單車每日平均使用六次

And I think you also see it in the kinds of riders

我諗你平時喺街上 都可以睇到租單車踩嘅人

that are on the streets.

In the past, it looked like the guy on the left,

以前，踩單車嘅人睇落去 就好似左邊嗰個男人咁

ninja-clad bike messenger.

著到好似忍者咁嘅單車郵差

And today, cyclists look

但宜家，踩單車嘅人呼應著紐約嘅面貌

like New York City looks.

It's diverse -- young, old, black, white,

佢哋好多元化

無論年輕嘅、老嘅、白嘅、黑嘅

women, kids, all getting on a bike.

女嘅、細嘅，都踩住單車

It's an affordable, safe, convenient way to get around.

單車每個人都負擔得起

而且安全、方便我哋周圍去

Quite radical.

個轉變實在係好大

We've also brought this approach to our buses,

我哋仲將呢種方法 應用到我哋巴士上面

and New York City has the largest bus fleet in North America,

紐約有全北美最大 亦係最慢嘅巴士團隊

the slowest bus speeds.

As everybody knows,

所有人都知要穿過城市

you can walk across town faster

你行路仲快過搭巴士

than you can take the bus.

And so we focused on the most congested areas

所以我哋著手紐約最塞嘅地方

of New York City,

built out six bus rapid transit lines,

設立咗六條巴士快速轉乘路線

57 miles of new speedy bus lanes.

57 英里長嘅巴士專線

You pay at a kiosk before you get on the bus.

上車前你先喺自動售票處畀錢

We've got dedicated lanes that keep cars out

我哋劃出巴士專線，唔畀其他車用

because they get ticketed by a camera

如果其他車用嗰條線

if they use that lane,

會有相機影低，會有罰款

and it's been a huge success.

個方法好成功

I think one of my very favorite moments

我諗作為交通專員我最鐘意嘅一刻

as transportation commissioner was the day

係我哋啟動城市單車嗰日

that we launched Citi Bike,

and I was riding Citi Bike up First Avenue

我喺第一大道嘅安全單車徑 踩住城市單車嘅單車

in my protected bike lane,

and I looked over and I saw pedestrians

我望下周圍

standing safely on the pedestrian islands,

行人安全企喺行人島上

and the traffic was flowing,

交通暢通

birds were singing --

雀仔唱歌

(Laughter) --

（笑聲）

the buses were speeding up their dedicated lanes.

巴士喺專線行得好快

It was just fantastic.

太好啦

And this is how it looked six years ago.

呢個就係六年前嘅樣

And so, I think that the lesson that we have

所以由紐約呢件事我哋知道

from New York is that it's possible

短時間內改善街道係有可能嘅

to change your streets quickly,

it's not expensive, it can provide immediate benefits,

工程唔會貴，仲可以產生即時效應

and it can be quite popular.

可以好受歡迎

You just need to reimagine your streets.

你只需要重新想像下你身邊嘅街道

They're hidden in plain sight.

改變就喺街道裏邊

Thank you.

多謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）